中考英语语法总结——定语从句及练习

这是一份中考英语语法总结——定语从句及练习，共3页。试卷主要包含了如何选用引导词，定语从句可简化为短语等内容，欢迎下载使用。
注意：1.如果关系代词在定语从句中作宾语时，引导词可以省略.
eg. The trees (that) we have planted grw well.
2.关系代词作宾语时，可放在介词后。 但当关系代词是that时，则不能放在介词后。eg. This is the huse in which Lu Xun nce lived
= This is the huse which Lu Xun nce lived in.
=This is the huse that Lu Xun nce lived in
二、如何选用引导词：一般情况引导词的选用是受先行词决定的——先行词是人时用that , wh , whm , whse; 先行词是物时用that , which; 先行词是时间、地点时用when , where.
eg. 1)The by wh / that is standing under the tree is Jim. 站在树下的那个男孩时Jim.
2)D yu knw the girl whse mther is a driver? 你认识那个妈妈是司机的女孩吗？
3)Have yu been t the factry where yur father wrks? 你去过你爸爸工作的工厂吗？
但注意区别wh / that (指人)；which / that (指物)
1.修饰人只用wh的情况：
a. 先行词是ne , nes , anyne , thse 时。
b. there be句型中修饰名词时。
c. 先行词后有一个较长的定语。
eg.1)Anyne wh hasn’t handed in his hme- wrk shuld stay after schl. 没交作业的任何人放学后都要留下。
2)There is a girl wh wants t see yu at the schl gate. 校门口有位想见你的女孩。
3)Did yu see the man in the park yesterday afternn wh wre a red shirt? 昨天下午在公园你见过那个穿红衬衫的人吗？
2.修饰人或物只用that的情况：
a. 先行词为指物的不定代词all , much , little, few , everything , smething , anything , nthing
b.先行词前有最高级、序数词及last , nly , very , all , n时
c. 先行词既有人，又有物时
d. 主句是wh / which引导的特殊疑问句，而先行词又指人或物时。
eg.1)Is there anything that I can d fr yu? 有让我做的事吗？
2)He is the nly ne that can help us at the mment. 他是现在能帮助我们的唯一的人。
3)He talked abut the teachers and schls that he had visited. 他谈论着他拜访过的老师和参观过的学校。
4)Which is the machine that we used last Sunday? 我们上周星期天用过的机器是哪一台？
3.修饰物只用which的情况：
a. 先行词在定语从句中作介词的宾语时
b. 先行词为that时
eg.1)This is the huse in which Lu Xun nce lived . 这就是鲁迅以前住过的房子。
2)What’s that which yu are hlding in yur arms? 你抱着的那个是什么？
*三、定语从句可简化为短语
1．定语从句为被动语态时可简化为过去分词短语；定语从句为现在进行时可简化为现在分词短语。
2．定语从句的谓语(be)后是介词短语，可简化为介词短语作定语。
3．定语从句的谓语动词含情态动词，可简化为不定式。
eg.1)I bught a bk that was written by Lu Xun.
= I bught a bk written by Lu Xun.
2)Tell the children wh are playing there nt t d that.
= Tell the children playing there nt t d that.
3)The bk that is n the table is mine.
= The bk n the table is mine.
4) We have nthing that we shuld fear.
= We have nthing t fear.
练 习
一、用适当的关系代词填空
1.Is it the very huse ________ yu lived in ten years ag?
2.The wman _____ sits next t the dr is my mther.
3.I’ll never frget the year _____ I jined the League.
4.It is the huse _____ I was brn.
5.The huse ______ rf is brken has been repaired.
二、用短语来改写下面的定语从句部分。
1.The man that is talking with Mary is my brther.
______________________________________
__________________.
2.This is a bk which was written by a wrker
______________________________________
3.The student wh is frm Canada speaks French.
______________________________________
__________.
4.She has a lt f wrk that she must d.
_____________________________________
三、选择填空
( )1.The man ____ was a friend f mine.
A. that yu just talked t
B. whm yu just talked t him
C. wh yu just talked t him
D. which yu just talked t
( )2.This is the best film ____has been shwn this year.
A. wh B. that C. which D. when
( )3.Finally, the thief handed everything ____ he had stlen t the plice.
A. which B. what C. that D. in where
( )4.Mr. Li tld us the stnes and writers ____ interested him
A. what B. wh C. that D. which
( )5.My father still remembers the day ___ he jined the army.
A. when B. which
C. t which D. frm which
( )6.I’ll never frget the summer hlidays ____ we spent tgether.
A. when B. in which C. which D. hw
( )7—Des the teacher knw everybdy _______ planted the trees?
—Yes, he des.
A. which B. whse C. where D. wh
( )8.The letter _______ I received frm him yesterday is very imprtant.
A. wh B. where C. what D. that
( )9.I hate peple _______ talk much but d little.
A. whse B. whm C. which D. wh
( )10.—Wh is the man _______ was talking t ur English teacher?
—Oh! It’s Mr Baker, ur maths teacher.
A. he B. that C. whm D. which
( )11.I hate the peple ________ dn’t help thers when they are in truble.
A. wh B. which C. they D. where
( )12.Gerge Mallry was an English schl teacher _______ lved climbing.
A. wh B. whm C. he D. which
( )13.This is the place _____I have ever visited.
A. there B. when C. where D. which
( )14.Nbdy knws the reasn ______ she didn’t cme t the meeting.
A. that B. which C. why D. when
( )15.The mn is a wrld ___there is n life.
A. that B. which C. where D. why
( )16.He has frgtten the day ___ he arrived.
A. when B. where C. that D. which
( )17.He still remembers the days ______ he spent with yur family.
A. when B. where C. that D. n which
( )18.Mr. White, ______ car had been stlen, came t the pliceman.
A. wh B. that C. whse D. which
( )19.He gt t the village _______ his family nce lived befre liberatin.
A. that B. which C. when D. where
( )20.This is the huse ______ I want t buy.
A. in which B. that C. whse D. where
( )21.He didn’t tell me the place _______ he was brn.
A. that B. which C. when D. where
( )22.He lived in a small village, ______ was a lng way frm the railway statin.
A. that B. which C. where D. when