中考语法总结——名词及练习

这是一份中考语法总结——名词及练习，共6页。

专有名词：表示人名、月份、日期、地名等。如 China, Jhn, Lndn, the USA, Harbin .

1．名词 个体名词：表示单个的人或事物。如 bat, chair, desk, apple . 可数名词
集体名词：表示一群人或一些事物的总称。如 family, peple, class, plice .
普通名词
物质名词：表示无法分为个体的物质。如 water, air, tea, sea, mney, cttn .
抽象名词：表示抽象概念的词。如 health, help, wrk, friendship . 不可数名词
2. 可数名词复数形式的构成
可数名词的复数形式通常是在单数形式后加-s或-es，现将其复数的一般构成方法及读音列表如下：
英语中还有不少名词的复数形式是不规则的，必须把它们牢记在心。如：man→men, wman→wmen, Frenchman→Frenchmen, child→children, tth→teeth, ft→feet, gse→geese, muse→mice, sheep→sheep, deer→deer, fish→fish等。
3. 名词的所有格
在英语中，有些名词的词尾 可以加上’s，用来表示所有关系，这种结构称为名词的所有格。
三、随堂监测A组
I. 写出下列名词的复数形式：
1. huse _________ 2. village ___________ 3. map __________
4. range _________ 5. bag ___________ 6. exercise ___________
7. brush __________ 8. family ___________ 9. bus ___________
10. city __________ 11. bx ___________ 12. baby __________
13. class __________ 14. factry _________ 15. glass __________
16. dictinary __________ 17. watch _________ 18. wman _________
19. match __________ 20. man _________ 21. wish __________
22. German __________ 23. tmat _________ 24. pliceman ___________
25. kil __________ 26. human _________ 27. ptat ___________
28. Chinese __________ 29. shelf __________ 30. Japanese __________
31. leaf ___________ 32. American __________33. life ___________
34. tth __________ 35. wife ___________ 36. ft ___________
37. knife __________ 38. sheep __________ 39. half ___________
40. child __________
II. 将下列词组译成英语：
1、一群孩子 2、两箱子苹果
3、三篮子蔬菜 4、九块面包
5、十杯牛奶 6、五块肉
7、多种植物 8、一副眼镜
9、两块冰 10、三张纸
11、四瓶橘汁 12、五杯茶
13、六碗米饭 14、七袋米
15、八块木头 16、九块豆腐
四、随堂监测B组
Ⅳ. 选择填空：
1. I want t buy ________.
A. tw bttles f ink B. tw bttle f ink C. tw bttle f inks D. tw bttles f inks
2. They dn’t have t d _______ tday.
A. much hmewrk B. many hmewrks C. many hmewrk D. much hmewrks
3. The ______ f machine made us feel sick.
A. vice B. nise C. sund D. nises
4. Excuse me, are yu ______? --- Yes, I’m frm ________.
A. Japan, Japanese B. China, Chinese C. England, English D. American, America
5. There are three ______ and seven ______ in the picture.
A. cws, sheeps B. cws, sheep C. cw, sheep D. cw, sheeps
6. June 1 is _______.
A. children’s day B. children’s Day C. Children’s Day D. Children’s day
7. ______ rm is next t their parents’.
A. Kate’s and Jan’s B. Kate’s and Jan C. Kate and Jan’s D. Kate and Jan
8. Miss Green is a friend f _______.
A. Mary’s mther’s B. Mary’s mther C. Mary mther’s D. mther’s f Mary
9. Tm is ______. He will cme t see me.
A. my a friend B. a friend C. mine friend D. a friend f mine
10. Sheep _______ white and milk _______ als white.
A. is, are B. are, is C. is, is D. are, are
11. I’d like t have a glass f milk and _______.
A. tw breads B. tw pieces f breads
C. tw pieces f bread D. tw piece f bread
12. It’s a lng ______ t Paris. It’s tw thusand kilmeters.
A. street B. rad C. way D. end
13. Many ______ are singing ver there.
A. wman B. wmen C. girl D. child
14. He bught _______.
A. tw pairs f shes B. tw pair f shes C. tw pairs f she D. tw pair f she
15. Mr. White has three _______.
A. child B. children C. childs D. childrens
16. Beijing is ne f the biggest _______ in the wrld.
A. citys B. city C. cityes D. cities
17. --- Where’s Mr. White? --- He’s in _______.
A. the rm 202 B. Rm 202 C. the Rm 202 D. rm 202
18. Shps, hspitals and schls are all _______.
A. places B. hmes C. rms D. buildings
19. Every mrning Mr. Smith takes a _______ t his ffice.
A. 20 minutes’ walks B. 20 minute’s walk C. 20-minutes walk D. 20-minute walk
20. ---Are these ______? --- N, they aren’t. They’re _______.
A. sheep, cws B. sheep, cw C. sheeps, cw D. sheeps, cws
21. There are many ______ in the fridge.
A. fish B. fruit C. eggs D. bread
22. --- Whse rm is this? --- It’s _______.
A. Li Ming B. Li Ming’s C. Li Mings D. Li Mings’
23. Here are ______ fr yu, Sue.
A. ptats B. sme ptates C. three tmats D. sme tmat
24. Here are sme birthday cards with ur best ______ fr her.
A. wish B. hpe C. wishes D. hpes
25. I always g t that ______ t buy fd n Sunday.
A. shp B. park C. z D. garden
26. What’s the Chinese fr “ PRC”?
A. 中国人民解放军 B. 中华人民共和国 C. 联合国 D. 中国共产党
27. Sam gave Ann sme _______ t lk after Plly while he was away.
A. picture-bks B. inventins C. instructins D. messages
28. --- Which f the fllwing animals lives nly in China? --- The ________.
A. mnkey B. elephant C. panda D. cat
29. ______ rm is n the 5th flr.
A. Lucy and Lily B. Lucy and Lily’s C. Lucy’s and Lily D. Lucy’s and Lily’s
30. The third mnth f the year is _______.
A. March B. January C. February D. April
31. Mum, I’m quite thirsty. Please give me ________.
A. tw range B. tw bttle f ranges C. tw bttles f range D. tw bttles f ranges
32. It’s very cld tday. Why dn’t yu put n yur ______?
A. watch B. shirt C. sweater D. glasses
33. I met sme ______ in the park and talked with them the ther day.
A. Janpaneses B. American C. Chineses D. English
34. _______ is the best time fr planting trees.
A. Summer B. Winter C. Spring D. Autumn
35. Tm was badly hurt in the match. They carried him t the ______ as quickly as pssible.
A. bank B. pst ffice C. shp D. hspital
36. There are tw ______ in the rm.
A. shelf B. shelfs C. shelfes D. shelves .. There are seven ______ in a week.
A. years B. mnths C. days D. minutes
38. My father is a ______. He wrks in a hspital.
A. teacher B. dctr C. farmer D. writer
V. 各地中考题选编：
1. --- Where is Tm? --- He’s left a ______ saying that he has smething imprtant t d.
A. excuse B. message C. exercise D. news
2. There is n ______ in the bus s we have t wait fr anther bus.
A. rm B. a rm C. rms D. seats
3. --- Wuld yu like sme ______? --- Oh, yes. Just a little.
A. pears B. ranges C. sugar D. apples
4. Yu can find the fllwing INSTRUCTIONS n _______. KEEP IN A COLD PLACE
A. fd B. mney C. clthes D. bks
5. Mr. Green has lived in the _____ htel since he came t China.
A. five-star B. five-stars C. five star’s D. five stars
6. She was brn in Wuhan, but Beijing has becme her secnd _______.
A. hme B. family C. huse D. place
7. --- What’s the _____ tday? --- It’s June 26.
A. day B. date C. time D. hur
8. English is spken as a first language in ______.
A. the USA B. India C. Japan D. China
9. ______ cmes frm cws.
A. Wl B. Chicken C. Prk D. Milk
10. Which f the fllwing des paper burn in?
A. B. C. D.
11. Let the children g away. They’re making t much ______ here.
A. nise B. vice C. nisy D. sunds
12. ______ cmes frm sheep and sme peple like eating it.
A. Wl B. Prk C. Muttn D. Milk
13. --- Oh, there isn’t enugh ______ fr us in the lift.
--- It desn’t matter, let’s wait fr the next.
A. grund B. flr C. place D. rm
14. _______ is the biggest city in China.
A. Beijing B. Shanghai C. Guangzhu D. Kunming
15. The Englishman Stephensn (史蒂芬孙), invented _______.
A. the ship B. the car C. the plane D. the train
情况
构成方法
例词
读音
一般情况
在词尾加-s
desk → desks
map → maps
-s在请辅音后发[s]音
day → days
girl → girls
-s在元音私浊畏音后发[z]
以s, x, ch, sh结尾的词
在词尾加-es
bus →buses
bx → bxes
watch → watches
es发[iz]音
以辅音字母加y结尾的词
变y为i再加-es
family → families
factry → factries
party → parties
-ies发[iz]音
以f或fe 结尾的词
变f或fe为v再加-es
knife → knives
life → lives
wife → wives
half → halves
-ves发[vz]音
以结尾的有生命的词
在词尾加-es
ptat → ptates
tmat → tmates
her → heres
-es发[z]音
以结尾的无生命的词
在词尾加-s
radi → radis
z → zs
-s发[z]音
单数名词在末尾加’s
the by’s father, Jack’s bk, her sn-in-law’s pht,
复数名词
一般在末尾加’
the teachers’ rm, the twins’ mther,
不规则复数名词后加’s
the children’s tys, wmen’s rights,
以s结尾的人名所有格加’
Dickens’ nvels, Charles’ jb, the Smiths’ huse
表示各自的所有关系时,各名词末尾均须加’s
Japan’s and America’s prblems, Jane’s and Mary’s bikes
表示共有的所有关系时在最后一词末加’s
Japan and America’s prblems, Jane and Mary’s father
表示＂某人家＂＂店铺＂，所有格后名词省略
the dctr’s, the barber’s, the tailr’s, my uncle’s