中考语法总结——代词及练习

这是一份中考语法总结——代词及练习，共6页。试卷主要包含了. 人称代词的用法，反身代词的用法， 常见不定代词的用法讲解，相互代词， 疑问代词，关系代词等内容，欢迎下载使用。

一、. 人称代词的用法
1）人称代词的主格在句子中充当主语
例如：
I am studying English nw. 我现在正在学英语。
We lve ur cuntry. 我们热爱我们的国家。
如果有几个人称代词并列充当主语，它们的顺序是：
单数形式 yu, he and I
复数形式 we, yu and they
2）人称代词的宾语在句子中充当宾语、介词宾语或表语。
例如：
Can yu help us? 你能帮助我们吗？
We are waiting fr them. 我们正在等他们。
Wh is there? It’s me. 是谁呀？是我。
二、形容词性物主代词与名词性物主代词的主要用法区别
1）形容词性物主代词不能独立使用，只作定语，用来修饰后面的名词。
例如：
My parents are bth dctrs. 我的父母都是医生。
We saw a film yesterday. Its name was Speed. 我们昨天看了一场电影，片名是《生死时速》。
2）名词性物主代词应独立使用，后面不跟名词，相当于形容词性物主代词+名词，它们在句中可以作主语、宾语或表语。
例如：
Is this her pen? N, hers is red. （主语） 这是她的钢笔吗？不，她的是红色的。
Let’s clean their rm first, and then clean urs. （宾语） 咱们先打扫他们的房间，然后再打扫我们的。
These letters are his.（表语） 这些信是他的。
三、反身代词的用法
1）在句子中作宾语，表示动作回射到动作的执行者本身。
例如：
My grandmther is t ld t lk after herself. 我奶奶年纪太大了，照顾不了她自己。
Lei Feng was always ready t help thers, he never thught f himself.
雷锋总是乐于帮助别人，从不考虑自己。
2) 主要用于加强语气
I did it myself.
3）反身代词在实际运用中可构成许多常用词组。
例如：
by neself 亲自 fr neself 为自己
call neself 称自己 teach neself 自学
help neself t 随意吃 lse neself 迷路
speak t neself 自言自语 seat neself 就座
make neself understd 让别人懂得自己的意思
四、 常见不定代词的用法讲解
1. sme和any
a．sme常用于肯定句，any多用于否定句，疑问句或条件状语从句，两者都可以代替可数或不可数名词。
例如：
Sme say yes and sme say n. 有的人说是，有的人说不是。
I dn’t like any f them. 我对他们一个也不喜欢。
Des any f them knw this? 他们当中有谁知道吗？
b．在委婉语气疑问句中的不定代词要用sme，不用any。
例如：
Wuld yu like sme f the tickets? 你想要些票吗？
c．在强调“任何一个”意思的时候，any也可用于肯定句。
例如：
Yu can take any f the newspapers here. 你可以拿这儿任何一份报纸。
2. few, a few, little, a little在用法上的区别
1）用作形容词：
I'm ging t buy a few apples.
He can speak nly a little Chinese.
There is nly a little milk in the glass.
He has few friends.
They had little mney with them.
2）a little和little也可以用作副词，a little表示“有点，稍微”，little表示“很少”。
I'm a little hungry. (修饰形容词hungry)
Let him sleep a little. (修饰动词sleep)
Mary, g a little faster, please. (修饰副词比较级)
She slept very little last night.
3. ther, the ther, anther, thers, the thers的区别。
1）ther也可以用作代词，与冠词the连用构成“the ther”，表示两个人或物中的“另一个”。常与ne搭配构成“ne ..., the ther ...”句型。
He has tw brthers. One is 10 years ld , the ther is 5 years ld.
She held a ruler in ne hand and an exercise-bk in the ther.
2）ther作代词用时，可以有复数“thers”，泛指“其他的一些人或物”。常与sme搭配构成“sme , thers ...”句型。
Sme went t the cinema, thers went swimming. This cat is t large. Shw me sme thers, please.
3）“the thers”表示特指某范围内的“其他所有的人或物”。
We gt hme by 4 'clck, but the thers didn't get back until 8 'clck.
In ur class nly Tm is English, the thers are Chinese.
4）anther可以作形容词用，修饰后面的名词，意为“另一个”，还可以跟代词ne.
Yu can see anther ship in the sea, can't yu?
Mary desn't want t buy this skirt. Wuld yu please shw her anther ne?
5）anther也可以作代词用，表示“另一个”。
I'm still hungry after I've had this cake. Please give me anther.
4. every与each的区别。
The teacher gave a ty t each child.
Each ball has a different clur.
当我们说each child, each student或each teacher时，我们想到的是一个人的情况。而当我们说every child和every student时，我们想到的是全体的情况，every的意思与all接近，表示他们都如此。
Every student lves the English teacher. = All students lve the English teacher.
Every child likes playing. = All children like playing.
5. all和bth的用法。
bth表示两者都，而all表示三者或三者以上，bth和all用于助动词之后，实义动词之前
Bth Jim and Tm are students. Jim and Tm are bth students. Bth f them are students.
They all cme frm Australia. They are all frm Australia. All f them are students.
all the students = all f the students all f us = we all
6、either(两者任一)与neither(两者无一),either f, neither f后谓语动词常用单数形式
D yu knw either f the tw ladies?
-Are the tw answers right?-N, neither is right. Neither he nr I am right.
either f… neither f…
五、相互代词
表示相互关系的代词叫做相互代词。相互代词有each ther 和ne anther两种形 式。在当代英语中，each ther和ne anther没有什么区别。相互代词可在句中作宾语，定语。作定语用时，相互代词用所有格形式。
We shuld learn frm each ther / ne anther. （作宾语）
D yu ften write t each ther / ne anther? （作宾语）
We ften brrw each ther's / ne anther's bks. （作定语）

六、 疑问代词
疑问代词有wh，whm，whse，what和which等。疑问代词用于特殊疑
问句中，一般都放在句首，并在句子中作为某一句子成分。例如：
Wh is ging t cme here tmrrw? （作主语）
What is that? (作表语)
Whse umbrella is this? (作定语)
Whm are yu waiting fr? (作宾语)
七、关系代词
关系代词是一种引导从句并起连接主句和从句作用的代词。关系代词有 wh, whse, whm, that, which. 它们在句中可用作主语,表语,宾语,定语. 在主句中,它们还代表着从句所修饰的那个名词或代词。例如：
I hate peple wh talk much but d little.
I’m lking at the pht which yu sent me with yur letter.
With the mney that he had saved, he went n with his studies.
D yu knw the lady wh is interviewing ur headmaster?
三、随堂监测A组
I. 选择填空：
1．This dictinary is nt hers. It’s _______.
A. I B. me C. mine D. my
2. --- Is this ______ magazine? --- N, it isn’t. It’s ________.
A. yur, her B. hers, mine C. yurs, hers D. yur, hers
3. There are tw bks n the desk. One is a maths bk, _______ is an English bk.
A. thers B. ther C. the ther D. anther
4. _______ f the girls plays tennis well.
A. Neither B. Bth C. All D. Sme
5. Mary speaks very quickly. _______ is difficult t understand what she is saying.
A. That B. she C. It D. There
6. The schl was built by the villagers _______.
A. us B. urselves C. them D. themselves
7. He put a finger(手指) int ______ muth and sucked it.
A. his B. he C. him D. his’s
8. He is always ready t help ______.
A. anther B. thers C. the ther D. ther
9. Let _______ d this exercise myself.
A. him B. her C. us D. me
10. D yu have _______ t tell us?
A. imprtant smething B. smething imprtant C. imprtant anything D. anything imprtant
11. I met an ld friend f ______ n ______ way hme.
A. mine, my B. my, the C. mine, a D. mine, the
12. ______ f the students in ur class has a ticket.
A. Every B. Bth C. Each D. All
13. There are several bks n the desk.. _____ f them is English.
A. All B. Bth C. Nne D. Neither
14. _______ live in Shanghai.
A. We B. Our C. Ours D. Ourselves
15. --- Is this ______ jacket? --- Yes, it’s _______.
A. her, her B. her, hers C. hers, her D. hers, hers
16. --- _______ is that by? --- He’s my sn.
A. Wh B. Whm C. What D. Which
17. _______ humans ______ animals can live withut air.
A. Bth, and B. Neither, nr C. Either, r D. Nt nly, but als
18. They have twenty-six desks in the classrm. One is fr the teacher, ______ are fr the students.
A. the ther B. ther C. the thers D. thers
19. My dictinary is in my bag. Where is _______?
A. yurs B. yu C. yurself D. yur
20. I think yu can d the jb ______.
A. yurself B. myself C. himself D. yur
21. --- Which jacket is Mary’s? --- The red ne is _______.
A. she B. her C. hers D. his
22. My uncle was s angry that he was n ______ when he fund I was beating his dg.
A. him B. his C. himself D. he
23. There are many trees n ______ side f the street.
A. all B. bth C. every D. each
24. _____ is imprtant fr us t keep the balance f nature.
A. There B. That C. This D. It
25. She can’t find ______ watch.
A. hers B. it C. her D. it’s
26. There is ______ milk in the glass.
A. many B. little C. few D. a few
27. Please pass ______ the cup f tea.
A. me B. my C. mine D. I
28. Have yu heard frm ______ recently?
A. them B. they C. themselves D. their
29. There is _____water in the bttle.
A. nt B. sme C. any D. many
30. There isn’t ______ fd left n the table.
A. many B. few C. much D. little
31. Srry, I can’t answer yur questin. I knw ______ abut the news.
A. a little B. little C. few D. a few
32. This is his schlbag, ______ is n the desk.
A. my B. yurs C. yur D. yu
33. We made the radi ______.
A. us B. urselves C. myself D. ur
34. Wuld please give me ______ ht tea?
A. ne B. little C. sme D. any
35. --- Wuld yu like sme milk in yur tea? --- Yes, just _______.
A. a little B. little C. a few D. few
36. This questin is s difficult that ______ students can answer it.
A. few B. a few C. little D. a little
37. They have nly _________ hmewrk fr Sunday.
A. few B. a few C. little D. a little
38. They tld us abut their schl and we tld them abut_______.
A. we B.us C. ur D. urs
39. This blue suit lks better than the green ________.
A. / B. ne C. suits D. nes
40. _________ is yur father ,a wrker r a teacher?
A. Hw B. Which C. What D. Wh
1
人称代词
主格
yu
I
he
it
yu
we
they
宾格
yu
me
him
it
yu
us
them
2
物主代词
形容词性
yur
my
his
its
yur
ur
their
名词性
yurs
mine
his
its
yurs
urs
theirs
3
反身代词
yurself
myself
himself
itself
yurselves
urselves
themselvs
4
指示代词
this
that
these
the same
such
5
疑问代词
wh
whse
what
6
关系代词
7
不定代词
many
few
a few
all, bth, neither, either, ther, anther, smething, everyne…
much
little
a little
表示肯定
表示否定
用于可数名词
a few虽少，但有几个
few不多，几乎没有
用于不可数名词
a little，虽少，但有一点
little不多，没有什么
用 法
代词
形容词
单数
复数
单数
复数
不定
anther
另一个
thers
别人，其他人
anther (by)
另一个（男孩）
ther (bys)
其他男孩
特定
the ther
另一个
the thers
其余那些人、物
the ther (by)
另一个男孩
the ther (bys)
其余那些男孩
each
every
1)可单独使用
1)不可单独使用
2)可做代名词、形容词
2)仅作形容词
3)着重“个别”
3)着重“全体”，毫无例外
4)用于两者或两者以上中的每一个人或物
4)用于三者或三者以上每一个人或物