高中英语高考复习被动语态专项练习（附参考答案和相关知识讲解）

这是一份高中英语高考复习被动语态专项练习（附参考答案和相关知识讲解），共5页。

语法填空
1.It _____ (build) riginally t prtect the city in the Tang dynasty and has nw been cmpletely restred(修复).
2.The artist was sure he wuld _____(chse), but when he presented his masterpiece t the emperr’s chief minister, the ld man laughed.
3. It desn't impress like Gerge Washingtn's plantatin n the Ptmac, but Lincln's hme in dwntwn Springfield, Illinis,_____(prve)irresistible t visitrs since it pened t the public.
（二）
单句语法填空
1.A new museum ________ (build) here.They hpe t finish it next mnth.
2.Yur article ________ (read) very well.
3.The flwer needs ________ (water)．
4.Hundreds f jbs ________ (lse) if the factry clses.
5.Many a way ________ (use) t prevent the pllutin, but the sky is still nt clear.
6.They are nvels, plays and pems that ________ (write) a lng time ag and were s well written that peple still read them nwadays.
7.I have been infrmed that the exhibitin ___________ (hld) next week.
8.Many a student ________ (send) t plant trees s far.
9.If yu are caught smking in this area, yu __________ (fine) by the plice.
10.What will yu d if yu __________ (bite) by msquites at this very mment?
（三）
语法填空
1.(2020·全国卷Ⅰ)Carle Pieters, a scientist at Brwn University, says, “because it ________ (mean) we have the chance t btain infrmatin abut hw the mn ________ (cnstruct)．”
2.(2020·浙江高考)And, as mre children were brn, mre fd ________ (need)．
3.(2016·高考上海卷) In recent years, stress______(regard) as a cause f a whle range f medical prblems, frm high bld pressure t mental illness
4.(2020高考全国卷III)The artist was sure he wuld _____(chse), but when he presented his masterpiece t the emperr’s chief minister, the ld man laughed.
5.(2017·高考全国卷II ) Steam engines (use) t pull the carriages and it must have been fairly unpleasant fr the passengers, with all the smke and nise.
6.(2016·高考上海卷) In recent years, stress______(regard) as a cause f a whle range f medical prblems, frm high bld pressure t mental illness
（四）
语法填空
The first z_1________(establish) arund 3,500 years ag by an Egyptian queen fr her persnal enjyment.Five hundred years later，a Chinese emperr 2________ (build) a huge z t shw his pwer and wealth.Later zs were set up fr the purpse f studying animals.
Sme f the early Eurpean zs 3.____________(cnsist) f dark hles r dirty cages，the bad cnditins f which made peple disgusted.Later the zs 4. (replace) by research centers and animals there were studied and 5 (keep)in gd cnditin.These places became the first mdern zs.As early as the 1940s, scientists 6.__________(understand) that many kinds f wild animals faced extinctin.Since then，zs 7.____________(try) t save many endangered species，but relying n zs 8.__________(save) species is nt enugh.The best methd f prtectin is t leave them in their natural habitat.
Tday animals in large and natural reserves are fed a balanced diet and 9.___________(watch) carefully fr any sign f disease.With specially trained keepers lking after them and sme hspitals where they can receive treatment when ill，all the animals there live a cmfrtable life.Anyway，it is true that z breeding prgrams have played an imprtant rle in 10.___________(prtect) many species f wildlife.
附：参考答案
（一）
1．
【答案】was built
【解析】考查动词的时态和语态以及主谓一致。根据riginally和the Tang dynasty可知，build这一动作发生在过去，应用一般过去时；主语为it，谓语动词应用单数形式。故填was built。
2.
【答案】be chsen
【解析】考查被动语态。句意：这个艺术家确定他会被选上，但是当他把他的作品呈献给皇上的首席大臣时，这个老人却笑了。从句主语he和chse之间为被动关系，设空前有情态动词wuld,故填be chsen。
3.
【答案】has prven/has prved
【解析】考查动词的语态和时态及主谓一致。分析句子结构可知，设空处应是but连接的并列句的谓语动词，根据since引导的时间状语从句可知，此处应用现在完成时，主语为Lincln's hme，谓语应用第三人称单数形式；根据设空处后的形容词irresistible可知，prve应是系动词，意为“证明是”，没有被动语态。prve的过去分词有prved和prven两种形式。故填has prven/has prved。
（二）
1.is being built
2.reads
3.watering/t be watered
4.will be lst
5.has been used
6.were written
7.will be held
8.has been sent
9.will be fined
10.are being bitten
（三）
1.means; is cnstructed
2.was needed
3.has been regarded
4.be chsen
5.were used
6.has been regarded
（四）
1.was established
2.built
3.cnsisted
4.were replaced
5.kept
6.understd
7.have been trying
8.t save
9.are watched
10.prtecting
附：
知识讲解
1．使用被动语态时应注意的几个问题
(1)同时对被动语态和时态的考查。
(2)主动变为被动时，宾语成主语；作宾补的不定式如果省略了t，变成被动语态时，需加上t。
②The bss made Jim wrk all day lng.
→He was made t wrk all day lng (by the bss)．
老板让吉姆整天都工作。
(3)短语动词变被动语态时，注意介词短语的完整性。
③Yur prnunciatin and spelling shuld be paid attentin t.
你应该注意你的发音和拼写。
(4)情态动词， be ging t, be t, be sure t, have t等结构变为被动语态时，只需将它们后面的动词原形变为“be＋过去分词”。
④We can repair this watch in tw days.
→This watch can be repaired in tw days.
我们可以在两天内修好这块手表。
(5)当句子的谓语为say, believe, expect, think, knw, write, cnsider, reprt等时，被动语态有两种形式：
a．谓语动词用被动语态，动词不定式作主补。
b．用it作形式主语，真正的主语用主语从句来表示。
⑤Peple say he is a smart by.
→He is said t be a smart by.
→It is said that he is a smart by.
据说他是个聪明的男孩。
⑥Peple knw paper was made in China first.
→Paper was knwn t be made in China first.
→It is knwn that paper was made in China first.
众所周知，纸最先在中国被制造。
类似句型有：It is said/ knwn/ suggested/ believed/ hped/ thught that ...
2．不能用被动语态的几种情况
(1)所有的不及物动词或不及物动词词组不能用于被动语态。
(2)表示状态的谓语动词，如：last, hld, cntain, fit, cst等。
(3)表示归属的动词，如have，wn，belng t等。
(4)表示“希望、意图、喜好”的动词，如：wish, want, hpe, like, lve, hate等。
(5)宾语是反身代词或相互代词时谓语动词用主动语态，不能用被动语态。
(6)宾语是同源宾语、不定式、动名词等，谓语动词不用被动语态。
3.主动形式表被动含义
(1)当feel, lk, smell, taste, sund等后面接形容词时；当cut, read, sell, wear, write, wash等作为不及物动词，表示主语(通常为物)内在“品质”或“性能”时；当动词表示“开始、结束、关、停、转、启动”等意思时。
①The dishes smell gd.
这菜闻起来味道不错。
②This kind f clth washes easily.
这种布料好洗。
③These nvels wn't sell well.
这些小说不畅销。
④My pen writes smthly.
我的钢笔书写流畅。
⑤The dr wn't lck.
这门无法关上。
(2)当happen, ccur, break ut, take place, cme abut, wrk ut等动词(短语)表示“发生、制定”等意思时。
⑥The plan wrked ut successfully.
计划成功实施了。
⑦Hw did the crazy situatin cme abut?
这种疯狂局面是如何发生的？
(3)want, require, need后面的动名词用主动形式表示被动含义。
eg.The machine wants repaired.
对比=The machine wants t be repaired.
这台机器需要修理了。
(4)be wrth ding用主动形式表示被动含义。
限(5)在“be＋形容词＋t d”中，不定式的逻辑宾语是句子的主语，用主动形式表示被动含义。
⑧This kind f water isn't fit t drink.
这种水不适合饮用。
⑨The girl isn't easy t get alng with.
这个女孩不易相处。
[注意] be t blame（受谴责），be t rent （出租）也用主动形式表被动意义。
4．被动形式表示主动意义的几种情况
be seated坐着；be hidden躲藏；be lst迷路；be drunk喝醉；be dressed穿着；be devted t专注于，致力于；
5．被动语态与系表结构的区别
此处的系表结构指“连系动词＋用作表语的过去分词”结构，它与被动语态的形式完全一样。要注意它们的区别：
被动语态强调具体的动作或事实；系表结构表示主语的特点或状态。
①The bk was sld by a certain bkstre.(被动语态)
这本书在某一家书店出售。
②The bk is well sld.(系表结构)
这本书卖得好。