2022长沙一中高一下学期第三次阶段性检测（月考）英语试卷含解析

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长沙市第一中学2021-2022学年度高一第二学期第三次阶段性检测
英语
时量：120分钟 满分：150分
第一部分 听力（共两节，满分30分）
做题时，先将答案标在试题卷上。录音内容结束后，你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。
第一节（共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分）
听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。
例：How much is the shirt？
A. £ 19.15. B. £ 9.18. C. £ 9.15.
答案是C。
1. Why is Jim unwilling to wear the white shirt？
A. He dislikes the color. B. The size is wrong. C. It doesn't match his jeans.
2. What will the speakers do next？
A. See a magic show. B. Buy teddy bears. C. Go kite-flying.
3. When will the speakers get up tomorrow？
A. At 9：00 am. B. At 8：00 am. C. At 7：00 am.
4. What does Jonathan mean？
A. Anna missed the contest.
B. Anna has a talent for singing.
C. Anna will go to Washington DC.
5. What does the man mean？
A. He has a natural talent for art.
B. He saw nothing in the art history.
C. He doesn't like abstract paintings.
第二节（共15小题；每小题1.5分，满分22.5分）
听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。
听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。
6. What does the man say about graffiti（涂鸦）？
A. It is an art form. B. It is ugly. C. It is a waste of money.
7. Where should graffiti be painted according to the woman？
A. On any building.
B. On designated graffiti spaces.
C. In public parks.
听第7段材料，回答第8、9题。
8. What will the woman do？
A. Refuel the car. B. Buy some food. C. Check the tire.
9. What is the probable relationship between the speakers？
A. Husband and wife. B. Driver and passenger. C. Friends.
听第8段材料，回答第10至13题。
10. Where will the man be this Saturday morning？
A. In his own house. B. At the office. C. In a lake house.
11. What does the man intend to do on Sunday night？
A. Rest for Monday’s work.
B. Go through some notes.
C. Pick up his boss.
12. Why is the man unwilling to take his dogs on the trip？
A. They get sacred near the water.
B. There is not enough room for them.
C. It's hard to catch any fish with them.
13. What will the man do tomorrow？
A. Give a presentation.
B. Invite someone else over.
C. Tell the woman his final decision.
听第9段材料，回答第14至16题。
14. What is the main idea of the talk？
A. What is confidence.
B. How to improve confidence.
C. Why people need to be more confident.
15. What does the speaker suggest doing to build confidence？
A. Running a race. B. Applying for a new job. C. Setting out goals on a list.
16. What might Fraser be？
A. A coach. B. A surgeon. C. A psychologist.
听第10段材料，回答第17至20题。
17. How long has the speaker lived in a big city？
A. For one year. B. For ten years. C. For eighteen years
18. What is the speaker's opinion on public transport in big cities？
A. It's comfortable. B. It's time-saving. C. It's cheap.
19. What is the advantage of living in the countryside？
A. It's safer. B. It's healthier. C. It's more convenient.
20. What kind of life does the speaker seem to like most？
A. Busy. B. Exciting. C. Quiet.
第二部分 阅读（共两节，满分40分）
第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
A
Important Factors for 2022 Beijing Winter Olympic Games
Beijing has made history as the first city in the world to have hosted both the Summer and Winter Olympics. Let’s look back on some of the important factors that made the 2022 Beijing Winter Olympic Games so impressive.
The Olympic torch(火炬)
In recognition of Beijing’s status(地位) as the world’s first city to host both the Summer and Winter games, the 2022 Olympic torch featured a similar design to the 2008 Olympic torch by the same color combination and artistic forms. What truly took viewers’ breath away was the moment when torch bearers passed the flame to another during the Olympic Torch Relay. The two Olympic torches locked into each other at the top, which represented fire and ice, symbolizing how it would bring light and warmth to the winter sports scene.
The Olympic mascots(吉祥物)
The Winter Olympic mascot “Bing Dwen Dwen”, a cartoon image of a panda wearing a spacesuit, looks like a winter sports athlete from the future. As a great combination of Chinese culture and the Olympic spirit, “Bing Dwen Dwen” has enjoyed wide popularity at home and abroad since its first appearance in 2019. “Hopefully Bing Dwen Dwen can become a classic and leave lasting memories in Olympic history,” said Cao Xue, head of the Beijing 2022 mascot design team.
Soon after the announcement of “Bing Dwen Dwen”, Beijing organizers also introduced “Shuey Rhon Rhon” as the mascot of the 2022 Beijing Paralympic(残奥会) Winter Games.
The smart high-speed railway
As the countdown to the 2022 Beijing Winter Olympics continued, the new high-speed railway line connecting the capital with Olympic host city Zhangjiakou began to enter service. By cutting the travel time between the two from three hours to 47 minutes, the bullet train can run up to 350 kilometers per hour without a driver, becoming the world’s first smart high-speed railway. So, what makes them “smart”? Well, equipped with 5G signals, intelligent lightning and sensors to collect real-time data and detect any operational problems, the trains can automatically start, stop and adjust to the different speed limits between stations.
1. In what way did the 2022 Olympic torch impress viewers?
A. Its showing up at the top.
B. Its flame-passing moment.
C. Its color combination and artistic forms.
D. Its design similar to that of the 2008 Olympic torch.
2. Why is “Bing Dwen Dwen” so popular?
A. Because it is an athlete wearing a spacesuit.
B. Because it symbolizes the national treasure of China.
C. Because it shows both Chinese culture and the Olympic spirit.
D. Because it has already played an important role in Olympic history.
3. Which statement is NOT correct about the new high-speed railway?
A. It came into service after the 2022 Beijing Winter Olympics began.
B. It can greatly cut the travel time between Beijing and Zhangjiakou.
C. It becomes the world's first smart high-speed railway.
D. The new high-speed trains can automatically run.
【答案】1. B 2. C 3. A
【解析】
【导语】本文是说明文。文章主要介绍2022年北京冬奥会的3个重要因素：火炬，吉祥物和高铁。
【1题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段“What truly took viewers’ breath away was the moment when torch bearers passed the flame to another during the Olympic Torch Relay.”(真正让观众叹为观止的是火炬手在奥运火炬接力中将火炬传递给另一位火炬手的那一刻。)可知，真正让观众叹为观止的是，奥运火炬接力中火炬手将火炬传递给另一个人的那一刻。故选B。
【2题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三段“As a great combination of Chinese culture and the Olympic spirit, ‘Bing Dwen Dwen’ has enjoyed wide popularity at home and abroad since its first appearance in 2019.”(作为中国文化和奥林匹克精神的伟大结合，“冰墩墩”自2019年首次亮相以来，在国内外广受欢迎。)可知，冰墩墩受欢迎的原因是很好地融合了中国文化和奥运精神。故选C。
【3题详解】
细节理解题。根据第五段“As the countdown to the 2022 Beijing Winter Olympics continued, the new high-speed railway line connecting the capital with Olympic host city Zhangjiakou began to enter service.”(随着2022年北京冬奥会的倒计时继续进行，连接首都和奥运会主办城市张家口的新高速铁路开始通车。)可知，其中countdown意为倒计时，在北京冬奥会进入倒计时的时候，连接北京和张家口的新高速列车已经开始投入使用。所以A项错误。故选A。
B
Charles Darwin was born into a family of thinkers. His father was a Fellow of the Royal Society（the elite circle of top British scientists），his mother was the daughter of Josiah Wedgwood，the man who founded the famous Wedgwood Potteries，and his grandfather，Erasmus Darwin，was a famous physician，thinker and philosopher who，like his grandson，spent much time studying the evolution of life.
After a childhood in the town of Shrewsbury，where he was educated at the Grammar School，Darwin went up to Edinburgh University to study medicine and natural history. When he was eighteen，he left Edinburgh and went to Cambridge University，planning to enter the church，but he was more interested in science than in religion and later he abandoned theology.
Shortly after graduating from Cambridge，he got a job as a naturalist on the ship H. M. S. Beagle，which was about to start on a scientific and cartographic（地图的）survey of the South American coast. The journey started in December 1831 and was to last almost five years，during which time he collected considerable documentation.
Darwin was struck by the animals of the south seas，particularly by the tortoises he found on the Galapagos Islands，a group of Pacific Islands. The Galapagos tortoises，Darwin observed，differed from island to island，and this，he inferred，showed different forms of evolution，since the animals obviously came from the same origins. Darwin was also struck by the iguanas（蜥蜴）he found，and observed that those which lived in water had heads suitable for finding food among stones，while those that lived on land had a sharper head，more fit for a herbivorous（食草的）animal.
Darwin developed his theory of evolution，but it was not until 1859 that he actually published it. It was instantly seen as a great milestone in scientific thought，and attracted violent argument all over Europe. Many found fault in it，and Darwin spent the rest of his life improving his theory in the light of other people's observations.
4. What is the purpose of para.1？
A. To honour his family.
B. To increase his popularity.
C. To show his family's influence on him.
D. To highlight his family's contributions.
5 What did Darwin end up studying at Cambridge University？
A. Science. B. Theology. C. Medicine. D. Natural history.
6. Why were the iguanas different from island to island？
A. Because of their types. B. Because of their habitats.
C. Because of their foods. D. Because of their origins.
7. What can be learned about Darwin's theory of evolution？
A. He felt quite content with it. B. He published it once finished.
C. It caused a worldwide disagreement. D. It was a great breakthrough in science.
【答案】4. C 5. A 6. B 7. D
【解析】
【导语】本文是记叙文。本文章主要介绍了达尔文一生的生活经历和成就。
【4题详解】
推理判断题。根据第一段“Charles Darwin was born into a family of thinkers. (查尔斯·达尔文出生于一个思想家家庭。) ”及后文对他父亲，母亲，祖父的介绍可知，达尔文的家人社会地位都很高，家人对达尔文的影响很大。所以第一段的写作目的是为了表明家庭对达尔文的影响。故选C。
【5题详解】
推理判断题。由第二段中的“When he was eighteen, he left Edinburgh and went to Cambridge University, planning to enter the church, but he was more interested in science than in religion and later he abandoned theology. (十八岁时，他离开爱丁堡，进入剑桥大学，打算进入教堂，但他对科学比对宗教更感兴趣，后来他放弃了神学。)”可知，达尔文进入剑桥大学后，对科学更感兴趣，故推知他在剑桥大学最终主修科学。故选A。
【6题详解】
推理判断题。根据第四段“Darwin was also struck by the iguanas (蜥蜴) he found, and observed that those which lived in water had heads suitable for finding food among stones, while those that lived on land had a sharper head, more fit for a herbivorous (食草的) animal.(达尔文也被他发现的蜥蜴所震撼了，并观察到那些生活在水中的蜥蜴的头部适合在石头中寻找食物，而那些生活在陆地上的蜥蜴有更锋利的头部，更适合食草动物。)可知，生活在水中的蜥蜴和生活在陆地上的蜥蜴是因为生活环境的不同导致生物进化差异。故选B。
【7题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段“Darwin developed his theory of evolution, but it was not until 1859 that he actually published it. It was instantly seen as a great milestone in scientific thought, and attracted violent argument all over Europe. (达尔文发展了他的进化论，但直到1859年他才真正发表了它。它立即被视为科学思想的一个伟大里程碑，并引起了整个欧洲的激烈争论。)”可知，达尔文的进化论是科学思想的一个伟大的里程碑，是科学界的一个伟大的突破。故选D。
C
“Did you hear what happened to Adam last Friday？” Lindsey whispers to Tori.
With her eyes shining，Tori brags，“You bet I did，Sean told me two days ago. ”
Who are Lindsey and Tori talking about？It just happened to be yours truly，Adam Freedman. I can tell you that what they are saying is（a）not nice and（b）not even true. Still，Lindsey and Tori aren't very different from most students here at Linton High School，including me. Many of our conversations are gossip（闲话）. I have noticed three effects of gossip：it can hurt people，it can give gossipers a strange kind of satisfaction，and it can cause social pressures in a group.
An important negative effect of gossip is that it can hurt the person being talked about. Usually，gossip spreads information about a topic—breakups，trouble at home，even dropping out–that a person would rather keep secret. The more embarrassing or shameful the secret is，the juicier the gossip it makes. Probably the worst type of gossip is the absolute lie. People often think of gossipers as harmless，but cruel lies can cause pain.
If we know that gossip can be harmful，then why do so many of us do it？The answer lies in another effect of gossip：the satisfaction it gives us. Sharing the latest rumor（传言）can make a person feel important because he or she knows something that others don't. Similarly，hearing the latest rumor can make a person feel like part of the “in group”. In other words，gossip is satisfying because it gives people a sense of belonging or even superiority（优越感 ）.
Gossip also can have a third effect：it strengthens unwritten，unspoken rules about how people should act. Professor David Wilson explains that gossip is important in policing behaviors in a group. Translated into high school terms，this means that if everybody you hang around with is laughing at what John wore or what Jane said，then you can bet that wearing or saying something similar will get you the same kind of negative attention. The dos and don'ts conveyed through gossip will never show up in any student handbook.
The effects of gossip vary depending on the situation. The next time you feel the urge to spread the latest news，think about why you want to gossip and what effects your “juicy story” might have.
8. Why is a conversation given at the beginning of the passage？
A. To introduce a topic. B. To present an argument.
C. To tell a story. D. To clarify the writing purpose.
9. What important negative effect does gossip have？
A. Breaking up relationships. B. Embarrassing the listener.
C. Spreading information around. D. Causing unpleasant experiences.
10. Why do many people like to gossip？
A. It gives them a feeling of pleasure. B. It helps them make more friends.
C. It makes them better at telling stories. D. It enables them to meet important people
11. Professor David Wilson thinks that gossip can
A. provide students with written rules
B. make people watch their own behaviors
C. force school to improve student handbooks
D. attract the police's attention to group behaviors
【答案】8. A 9. D 10. A 11. B
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇议论文。文章讨论了说闲话的影响，分析了人们为什么喜欢传闲话。
【详解】 1.推理判断题。根据第一和第二段““Did you hear what happened to Adam last Friday?”Lindsey whispers to Tori. With her eyes shining, Tori brags, “You bet I did, Sean told me two days ago.”（“你听说亚当上周五发生了什么事吗?”林赛对托丽耳语道。托丽两眼放光，得意地说:“当然了，肖恩两天前告诉我的。”）”可知，这两段叙述了两个人在说别人闲话的场景。根据第三段中的“Who are Lindsey and Tori talking about? It just happened to be yours truly, Adam Freedman, I can tell you that what they are saying is （a） not nice and （b） not even true. Still, Lindsey and Tori aren't very different from most students here at Linton High School, including me. Many of our conversations are gossip . （琳赛和托丽说的是谁?只是碰巧是你的真命天子，亚当·弗里德曼。我可以告诉你，他们说的是(a)不友好(b)甚至不真实。不过，林赛和托丽与林顿高中的大多数学生，包括我，并没有太大的不同。我们的许多谈话都是闲谈）”可知，说闲话这种事几乎人人都会做。根据“I have noticed three effects of gossip: it can hurt people, it can give gossipers a strange kind of satisfaction, and it can cause social pressures in a group. （我注意到八卦的三个影响:它会伤害人，它会给说闲话的人一种奇怪的满足感，它会在一个群体中造成社会压力）”可知，下文主要叙述“说闲话”的三个影响。由此推知，文章开头引用两人的交谈是为了引出“说闲话”这个话题。故选A项。
2.细节理解题。根据第四段的第一句“An important negative effect of gossip is that it can hurt the person being talked about.（八卦的一个重要负面影响是，它会伤害被谈论的人）”可知流言会给被谈论的人带来不愉快的经历。故选D项。
3.细节理解题。根据第五段的第二句“The answer lies in another effect of gossip: the satisfaction it gives us.（答案就在于八卦的另一个影响:它给我们带来的满足感）”可知散播流言能给人带来满足感，即快乐的感觉。故选A项。
4.细节理解题。根据第六段的第二句“Professor David Wilson explains that gossip is important in policing behaviors in a group.（大卫·威尔逊教授解释说，八卦在监督群体行为方面很重要）”可知流言在监督一个群体内的行为方面很重要。故选B项。
D
If humans were truly at home under the light of the moon and stars, we would go in darkness happily, the midnight world as visible to us as it is to the vast number of nocturnal(夜间活动的)species on this planet. Instead, we are diurnal creatures, with eyes adapted to living in the sun’s light. This is a basic evolutionary fact, even though most of us don’t think of ourselves as diurnal beings. Yet it’s the only way to explain what we’ve done to the night: We’ve engineered it to receive us by filling it with light.
The benefits of this kind of engineering come with consequences-called light pollution—whose effects scientists are only now beginning to study. Light pollution is largely the result of bad lighting design, which allows artificial light to shine outward and upward into the sky. Ill-designed lighting washes out the darkness of night and completely changes the light levels—and light rhythms—to which many forms of life, including ourselves, have adapted. Wherever human light spills into the natural world, some aspect of life is affected.
In most cities the sky looks as though it has been emptied of stars, leaving behind a vacant haze(霾)that mirrors our fear of the dark. We’ve grown so used to this orange haze that the original glory of an unlit night—dark enough for the planet Venus to throw shadows on Earth, is wholly beyond our experience, beyond memory almost.
We’ve lit up the night as if it were an unoccupied country, when nothing could be further from the truth. Among mammals alone, the number of nocturnal species is astonishing. Light is a powerful biological force, and on many species it acts as a magnet(磁铁). The effect is so powerful that scientists speak of songbirds and seabirds being “captured” by searchlights on land or by the light from gas flares on marine oil platforms. Flying at night, birds tend to crash into brightly lit tall buildings
Frogs living near brightly lit highways suffer nocturnal light levels that are as much as a million times brighter than normal throwing nearly every aspect of their behavior out of joint, including their nighttime breeding choruses. Humans are no less trapped by light pollution than the frogs. Like most other creatures, we do need darkness. Darkness is as essential to our biological welfare, to our internal clockwork, as light itself.
Living in a glare of our making, we have cut ourselves off from our evolutionary and cultural heritage—the light of the stars and the rhythms of day and night. In a very real sense, light pollution causes us to lose sight of our true place in the universe, to forget the scale of our being, which is best measured against the dimensions of a deep night with the Milky Way—the edge of our galaxy—arching overhead.
12. Why do we humans light up the night?
A. To go outside happily. B. To adapt it for ourselves.
C. To prove the revolutionary fact. D. To learn about nocturnal species.
13. The writer mentions birds and frogs to _________.
A. provide examples of animal protection
B. show how light pollution affects animals
C. compare the living habits of both species
D. explain why the number of certain species has declined
14. What can be implied in the last paragraph?
A. Human beings cannot go to the outer space.
B. Light pollution does harm to the eyesight of animals.
C. Light pollution has destroyed some of the world heritages.
D. Human beings should reflect on their position in the universe.
15. What might be the best title for the passage?
A. The Magic Light B. The Orange Haze
C. The Disappearing Night D. The Rhythms of Nature
【答案】12. B 13. B 14. D 15. C
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文，讲述了人类热衷于用人造光源将夜空照亮。由此引发的光污染对于动物和人类造成严重影响，呼吁我们反思自己的行为。
【12题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段“Instead, we are diurnal creatures, with eyes adapted to living in the sun's light. (而相反，我们人类属于昼间活动的动物，眼睛适应了太阳的光线)”可知，人类习惯生活在白昼时阳光照射下的环境。故选B项。
【13题详解】
推理判断题。根据第四段第四句“The effect is so powerful that scientists speak of songbirds and seabirds being “captured” by searchlights on land or by the light from gas flares on marine oil platforms.(这种效应是如此强烈，以至于科学家们说，陆地上的探照灯或海洋石油平台上的气体照明弹发出的光，会 “捕捉”到鸣禽和海鸟)”以及第五段第一句“Frogs living near brightly lit highways suffer nocturnal light levels that are as much as a million times brighter than normal, throwing nearly every aspect of their behavior out of joint, including their nighttime breeding choruses.(生活在灯火通明的高速公路附近的青蛙在夜间受到比平时高出一百万倍的强光照射，几乎使它们的所有行为都失常了，包括它们在夜间繁殖时发出的叫声)”可以推知，作者提到鸟类和青蛙来说明光污染是如何影响动物的。故选B。
【14题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段第二句“In a very real sense, light pollution causes us to lose sight of our true place in the universe, to forget the scale of our being, which is best measured against the dimensions of a deep night with the Milky Way—the edge of our galaxy—arching overhead.(从非常真实的意义上说，光污染使我们看不见自己在宇宙中的真实位置，忘记了我们自身的规模，而这个规模是最好的衡量标准，是用银河系——我们星系的边缘——拱形的头顶上的黑夜的维度来衡量的)”可推断，最后一段暗示人类应该反思自己在宇宙中的位置。故选D。
【15题详解】
主旨大意题。根据第一段“We’ve engineered it to receive us by filling it with light. (我们设法将夜空用人造光源照亮)”和第二段“Wherever human light spills into the natural world, some aspect of life is affected (无论人造光源投射到哪里，自然界某些生物的生活都会受到一些影响)”和最后一段“Living in a glare of our own making, we have cut ourselves off from our evolutionary and cultural heritage-the light of the stars and the rhythms of day and night.(生活在一个刺眼的世界，我们已经远离了进化和文化遗产：遥远的星光和昼夜交替闪耀的光)”可知，本文主要介绍人类用耀眼的人造光源将夜空点亮，给自然环境中的动物和人类自身带来了诸多的问题，呼吁人们顺应天道，按照自然规律，还原一个“黑暗沉静”的夜晚。故“正在消失的夜空”可以作为本文标题。故选C项。
第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）
阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
The Science of Risk-Seeking
Sometimes we decide that a little unnecessary danger is worth it because when we weigh the risk and the reward, the risk seems worth taking. ____16____ Some of us enjoy activities that would surprise and scare the rest of us. Why? Experts say it may have to do with how our brains work?
The reason why any of us take any risks al all might have to do with early humans. Risk-takers were better at hunting, fighting, or exploring. ____17____ As the quality of risk-taking was passed from one generation to the next, humans ended up with a sense of adventure and a tolerance for risk.
So why aren’t we all jumping out of airplanes then? Well, even 200,000 years ago, too much risk-taking could get one killed. A few daring survived, though, along with a few stay-in-the-cave types. As a result, humans developed a range of character types that still exists today. So maybe you love car racing, or maybe you hate it. ___18___
No matter where you are on the risk-seeking range, scientists say that your willingness to take risks increases during your teenage years. ____19____ To help you do that, your brain increases your hunger for new experiences. New experiences often mean taking some risks, so your brain raises your tolerance for risk as well.
___20___ For the risk-seekers a part of the brain related to pleasure becomes active, while for the rest of us, a part of the brain related to fear becomes active.
As experts continue to study the science of risk-seeking, we’ll continue to hit the mountains, the waves or the shallow end of the pool.
A. It all depends on your character.
B. Those are the risks you should jump to take.
C Being better at those things meant a greater chance of survival.
D. Thus, these well-equipped people survived because they were the fittest.
E. This is when you start to move away from your family and into the bigger world.
F. However, we are not all using the same reference standard to weigh risks and rewards.
G. New brain research suggests our brains work differently when we face a nervous situation.
【答案】16. F 17. C 18. A 19. E 20. G
【解析】
【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了人们喜欢冒险的来源和科学依据，人们都喜欢冒险，因为风险也意味着回报，生活中人们喜欢做一些让别人意外和害怕的事，这和人的大脑有关．
【16题详解】
根据前文because when we weigh the risk and the reward, the risk seems worth tasking.当我们衡量风险和回报时，风险值得去冒。根据后文Some of us enjoy activities that would surprise and scare the rest of us.有些人喜欢做一些让别人意外和害怕的事。也就是说衡量风险的标准每个人都可能不一样．故F选项 “然而，我们并不是都使用相同的参考标准来衡量风险和回报”与上文为转折关系，且承接下文。故选F。
【17题详解】
根据前文Risk-takers were better at hunting，fighting，or exploring．喜欢冒险的人表现更优秀，这意味着他们有更大的机会生存下去。故C选项“这意味着他们有更大的机会生存下去”承接上文。故选C。
【18题详解】
根据前文So maybe you love car racing，or maybe you hate it．也许你喜欢赛车，也许你不喜欢，这要依据你的性格。故A选项“这要依据你的性格”承接上文。故选A。
【19题详解】
根据前文scientists say that your Willingness to take risks increases during your teenage years.科学家们指出冒险的意愿在年轻时会不断强烈。根据下文To help you do that, your brain increases your hunger for new experiences.为了帮你实现那些，大脑会不断增加你对新的经历的渴望。而这些是在你离开家庭，走进一个更大的世界的时候。故E选项“这些是在你离开家庭，走进一个更大的世界的时候”承接上下文。故选E。
【20题详解】
根据下文For the risk-seekers a part of the brain related to pleasure becomes active, while for the rest of us, a part of the brain related to fear becomes active.不同的人的大脑在处理快乐和恐惧时表现也会不一样。故前面应该是说大脑的不同反应。故G选项“新的大脑研究表明，当我们面对紧张的情况时，我们的大脑会以不同的方式工作” 承接下文。故选G。

第三部分 语言运用（共三节，满分40分）
第一节（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）
阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
The sound of glass breaking is instantly recognizable. “Oh, no, not the vase!” Missi said ___21___ . “You're my best friend. If you had broken anything else in the apartment, I would have gladly said I did it. But you are going to have to tell my mom that it was your ___22___ and she's going to be really mad.”
I was ___23___ . I'd destroyed a priceless family heirloom (传家宝) while playing in Missi's house.
A couple of minutes after six we heard a key ___24___ in the door. Her mom returned home.
“I'm so sorry…” I said helplessly. She was ___25___ and said nothing when she saw the ___26___ on the ground. This terrified me even more. Then she erupted into a loud scream of ___27___ that filled the entire apartment. She ___28___ me kissing me on both cheeks.
“Thank you! I always ___29___ that ugly vase, but I had to keep it because it was ___30___ in my family. Now it's gone! You've done me a great service!” She ___31___ me again.
I couldn't stop the tears running down my face. I was so relieved to have ___32___ , but I was also in shock. This was not at all the ___33___ I had expected.
I'll admit it wasn't until I ___34___ my adult years that I recognized how generous and kind Missi's mom was! She taught me a lesson that has ___35___ with me forever.
21. A. surprisedly B. disappointedly C. sadly D. nervously
22. A. trick B. fault C. idea D. motivation
23. A. terrified B. bored C. depressed D. pleased
24. A. ring B. flow C. turn D. handle
25. A. breathless B. restless C. aimless D. expressionless
26. A. pieces B. keys C. glasses D. flowers
27. A. panic B. joy C. pain D. surprise
28. A. slapped B. interrupted C. hugged D. caught
29. A. hated B. treasured C. held D. watched
30. A. taken up B. kept up C. turned down D. passed down
31. A. praised B. kissed C. warned D. blamed
32. A. apologized B. cried C. lied D. cooperated
33. A. practice B. service C. route D. reaction
34. A. met B. reached C. finished D. spent
35. A. shared B. agreed C. stuck D. exchanged
【答案】21. C 22. B 23. A 24. C 25. D 26. A 27. B 28. C 29. A 30. D 31. B 32. A 33. D 34. B 35. C
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文，主要讲的是作者在Missi家里玩儿的时候不小心打破了Missi妈妈的传家宝花瓶，作者诚实地道歉了，Missi妈妈原谅了作者，且说自己不喜欢那个花瓶，现在打破了反而是好事，作者惊讶于Missi妈妈的反应，成年后才明白Missi妈妈的慷慨。
【21题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：“哦，不，不是花瓶！”Missi伤心地说。A. surprisedly吃惊地；B. disappointedly失望地；C. sadly伤心地；D. nervously紧张地。由上文的“Oh, no, not the vase”可知，作者不希望那个花瓶被打碎，现在打碎了，因此应该觉得伤心，故选C。
【22题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：但是你必须告诉我妈妈这是你的错，她会非常生气的。A. trick窍门；B. fault过错；C. idea主意；D. motivation动机。由上文的“If you had broken anything else”可知，是作者打破了花瓶，因此Missi的意思是“这是你的错”，空格处是“过错”，故选B。
【23题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我吓坏了。A. terrified害怕的；B. bored无聊的；C. depressed沮丧的；D. pleased高兴的。由第6空后的“This terrified me even more”可知，作者为打破了花瓶而感到害怕，故选A。
【24题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：六点过后几分钟，我们听到钥匙在门上转动的声音。A. ring戒指；B. flow流动；C. turn转动；D. handle把手。由后文的“Her mom returned home”可知，她妈妈回来要先开门，因此作者是听到钥匙在门上转动的声音，故选C。
【25题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：当她看到地上的碎片时，面无表情，什么也没说。A. breathless喘不过气来的；B. restless坐立不安的；C. aimless漫无目的的；D. expressionless无表情的。由“said nothing”可知，她应该是对打破花瓶这件事没什么反应，什么也没说，也没表情，故选D。
【26题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：当她看到地上的碎片时，面无表情，什么也没说。A. pieces碎片；B. keys钥匙；C. glasses玻璃杯；D. flowers花。由第10空后的“Now it's gone”可知，花瓶被打破了，地上是碎片，故选A。
【27题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：然后她爆发出一声欢乐的尖叫，传遍了整个房间。A. panic恐慌；B. joy高兴；C. pain疼痛；D. surprise惊喜。由第10空后的“You've done me a great service”可知，Missi妈妈看见花瓶打破了，觉得是好事，因此应该感到高兴，故选B。
【28题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：她拥抱我，亲吻我的双颊。A. slapped拍打；B. interrupted打断；C. hugged拥抱；D. caught抓住。由“kissing me on both cheeks”可知，Missi妈妈对作者是很友善的，所以是“拥抱”作者，故选C。
【29题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：我一直讨厌那个难看的花瓶，但我不得不留着它，因为它是我家传下来的。A. hated讨厌；B. treasured珍爱；C. held握住；D. watched观看。由后文的“You've done me a great service”可知，花瓶打破了，Missi妈妈觉得作者做了一件好事，所以Missi妈妈是讨厌那个花瓶，故选A。
【30题详解】
考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：我一直讨厌那个难看的花瓶，但我不得不留着它，因为它是我家传下来的。A. taken up占据；B. kept up保持；C. turned down拒绝；D. passed down传下来。由“in my family”和第二段的“heirloom”可知，那是传家宝，所以是在家里传下来的，故选D。
【31题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：她又吻了我一下。A. praised表扬；B. kissed吻；C. warned警告；D. blamed责备。由第8空后的“kissing me on both cheeks”可知，此次应该是第二次亲作者，故选B。
【32题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：道歉让我松了口气，但我也很震惊。A. apologized道歉；B. cried哭；C. lied撒谎；D. cooperated合作。由第四段的“I'm so sorry”可知，作者是在给Missi妈妈道歉，道完歉自己觉得松了口气，故选A。
【33题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：这完全不是我所预料的反应。A. practice练习；B. service服务；C. route路线；D. reaction反应。由上文的“I was also in shock”可知，作者觉得很惊讶，因为这不是作者所预料到的反应，故选D。
【34题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：我得承认，直到我成年，我才意识到Missi的妈妈是多么慷慨和善良！A. met遇见；B. reached到达；C. finished完成；D. spent花费。由后文的“I recognized how generous and kind Missi's mom was”可知，作者到了成年才意识到Missi的妈妈是多么慷慨和善良，因此空格处是“到达”，故选B。
【35题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：她给我上了一课，让我终生难忘。A. shared分享；B. agreed同意；C. stuck铭记在心；D. exchanged交换。由“forever”可知，句子表示的是“这让我终生难忘”，stick with sb.意为“紧跟着某人”，故选C。
第二节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分）
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Liu Genghong, a Taiwan-born singer, has taken the Internet by storm and sparked a fitness wave with his workout livestreams (直播)on Douyin, China’s version of TikTok. Liu’s workout sessions have been so popular that ____36____ have broken Douyin’s livestreaming record for 2022 so far. Within one month, Liu’s livestreams ____37____ (view) nearly 100 million times, ____38____his most popular session attracting over 44 million live views.
Chinese musician Jay Chou’s songs often serve ____39____Liu’s background music. One of his most-watched fitness ____40____ (routine) is set to “Herbalist Manual” (《本草纲目》)from Jay Chou’s Still Fantasy album. “I want to slap my leg whenever I hear ‘Herbalist Manual’ now” shared a netizen.
____41____ Liu’s dance moves look simple, they are often too hard for his audience ____42____ (follow). Many netizens even joked that the 49-year-old was facing a ____43____ (popular) contest with Li Jiaqi, China’s “livestreaming king” ____44____ (know) for his sales techniques. “Li Jiaqi empties our wallet, ____45____ Liu Genghong empties our body,” joked a netizen.
【答案】36. they
37. have been viewed##were viewed
38. with 39. as
40. routines
41. Although##Though##While
42. to follow
43. popularity
44. known 45. while
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍刘畊宏直播健身走红网络。
【36题详解】
考查代词。句意：刘的训练课非常受欢迎，到目前为止，已经打破了抖音2022年的直播记录。分析句子结构，本句是复合句，从句部分缺少主语，根据句意可知，主语代指的是主句中的sessions，是复数，所以应该用they来代指。故填they。
【37题详解】
考查动词时态和语态。句意：在一个月内，刘的直播被观看了近一亿次，其中他最受欢迎的一次直播吸引了4400多万次观看。分析句子结构可知，本句缺少谓语动词，所以view做谓语动词，它和主语livestreams之间是被动关系，所以应用被动语态，描述的事发生在过去，所以用一般过去时，又本句可理解为“刘的直播至今已被观看了近一亿次”，所以也可用现在完成时。故填were viewed或者have been viewed。
【38题详解】
考查介词。句意：在一个月内，刘的直播被观看了近一亿次，其中他最受欢迎的一次直播吸引了4400多万次观看。根据后文的宾语his most popular session与宾补attracting可知，此处为with的复合结构，故填with。
【39题详解】
考查介词。句意：华人音乐人周杰伦的歌曲经常作为刘哄宏的背景音乐。此处固定短语serve as意为“用作……”。故填as。
【40题详解】
考查名词的数。句意：他最受关注的健身直播之一是用周杰伦《依然范特西》专辑中的《本草纲目》。根据空前的one of可知，此处应用名词复数形式。故填routines,
【41题详解】
考查连词。句意：尽管他的跳跃动作看起来很简单，但常常因为强度大网友跟不上。根据句意可知，此处是让步状语从句，意为“尽管”，应用although/though/while引导。故填Although/Though/While。
【42题详解】
考查动词不定式。句意：尽管他的跳跃动作看起来很简单，但常常因为强度大网友跟不上。此处为固定搭配too+adj+to do“太……而不能”，此处用动词不定式。故填to follow。
【43题详解】
考查名词。句意：许多网民甚至开玩笑说，49岁的他正与李佳琪较量人气。李佳琪是中国的“直播之王”，以销售策略著称。此处意为“人气竞争”，表达为a popularity contest，应用名词作定语。故填popularity。
【44题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：许多网民甚至开玩笑说，49岁的他正与李佳琪较量人气。李佳琪是中国的“直播之王”，以销售策略著称。be known as为固定短语，意为“作为……而出名”。分析句子可知，此处应用非谓语作后置定语修饰livestreaming king。故填known.
【45题详解】
考查连词。句意：“李先生掏空了我们的钱包，刘畊宏掏空了我们的身体”，一位网民开玩笑说。根据句意可知，前后是对比的关系，应用表示对比的连词while。故填while。
第三节 课文默写（共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分）
A
根据课文内容填空。
Tu Youyou has become ____46____ of the PRC to receive a Nobel Prize，____47____ to the fight against malaria，one of ____48____ in human history. ____49____ of qinhaosu，malaria patients all over the world now have had a greatly ____50____ of survival.
Born in 1930，in Ningbo，Zhejiang Province，Tu studied medicine at university in Beijing between 1951 and 1955. ____51____，she worked at the Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine. She completed further training courses in traditional Chinese medicine，____52____ of both traditional Chinese medicine and Western medicine.
【答案】46. the first female scientist
47. awarded for her contribution
48. the deadliest diseases
49. Thanks to her discovery
50. increased chance
51. After graduation
52. acquiring a broad knowledge
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道。主要介绍中华人民共和国首位获得诺贝尔奖的女科学家屠呦呦。
【46题详解】
考查数次和名词。句意：屠呦呦成为中华人民共和国首位获得诺贝尔奖的女科学家，获奖理由是她对抗击疟疾做出的贡献。结合上下文可知，该处意为“第一个女性科学家”，“第一个”表达为first，“女性”表达为female，“科学家”表达为scientist，序数词前需加定冠词the。故答案为the first female scientist。
【47题详解】
考查非谓语固定短语。句意：屠呦呦成为中华人民共和国首位获得诺贝尔奖的女科学家，获奖理由是她对抗击疟疾做出的贡献。结合上下文可知，该处意为“为了她的贡献给予奖励”，固定短语award for意为“给……授奖”，又本句已有谓语，所以award应用非谓语形式，它与主语屠呦呦之间是被动关系，所以应用过去分词形式，her contribution意为“她的贡献”。故填awarded for her contribution。
【48题详解】
考查形容词和名词。句意：疟疾是人类历史上最致命的疾病之一。结合上下文可知，该处意为“最致命的疾病”，deadly意为“致命的”，此处应该用最高级，最高级前应该要加the，disease意为“疾病”，其是可数名词，根据前面的one of，应该用复数形式。故填the deadliest diseases。
【49题详解】
考查固定短语。句意：多亏她发现了青蒿素，全世界的疟疾患者现在都有了很大的生存机会。结合上下文可知，该处意为“幸亏她的发现”，thanks to意为“幸亏”，其位于句首，首字母应该大写，discovery意为“发现”。故填Thanks to her discovery。
【50题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：多亏她发现了青蒿素，全世界的疟疾患者现在都有了很大的生存机会。结合上下文可知，该处意为“提高了机会”，increase意为“提高”，分析句子结构可知，本句已有谓语动词have had，所以increase应用非谓语动词，其与主语survival是被动关系，所以应用过去分词，chance意为“机会”。故填increased chance。
【51题详解】
考查介词和名词。句意：毕业后，她在中医学院工作。结合上下文可知，该处意为“毕业后”，所以此处应用介词after意为“在...之后”，其在句首，首字母应该大写。graduation意为“毕业”。故填After graduation。
【52题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：她完成了中医进修课程，对中医和西医都有广泛的认识。结合上下文可知，该处意为“获得广泛的知识”，acquire意为“获得”，分析句子结构可知，句子已有谓语completed，所以应该用非谓语形式，acquire和主语she之间是主动关系，表示已发生的事，应该用现在分词形式，固定搭配a broad意为“宽阔的”，knowledge意为“知识”。故填acquiring a broad knowledge。
B
根据课文内容填空。
There are ____53____ of water pollution. Large amounts of ____54____ poison the water after they enter water bodies. Moreover，animal and human waste pollutes the water. Water pollution is also caused by poisonous chemicals ____55____.
【答案】53. various causes
54. industrial waste
55. used in agriculture.
【解析】
【导语】本篇是一篇说明文。主要说明造成水污染的原因。
【53题详解】
考查形容词和名词。句意：造成水污染的原因有很多。结合上下文，可知此处填“各种各样的原因”，various意为“各种各样的”，cause意为“原因”，是可数名词，所以此处应用复数形式。故填various causes。
【54题详解】
考查形容词和名词。句意：大量的工业废料进入水体后会使水中毒。结合上下文，可知此处填“工业废料”，industrial意为“工业的”，waste意为“废料”，为不可数名词。故填industrial waste。
【55题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：农业中使用的有毒化学物质也会造成水污染。结合上下文，可知此处填“用于农业”，use意为“使用”，分词句子结构可知，本句已有谓语is，所以应用非谓语动词，use和主语chemicals之间是被动关系，所以用过去分词表被动，根据句意表示“在农业中”，故用介词in，agriculture意为“农业”。故填used in agriculture。
第三部分 写作（共两节，满分40分）
第一节（满分15分）
56. 假如你是李华，6月5日是世界环境日（World Environment Day），你校将于6月开展环境保护主题活动，请你代表学生会，写一封倡议信，呼吁同学们积极行动，做力所能及的事情保护环境。内容包括：
1. 保护环境重要性；
2. 有效的环境保护措施。
注意：
1. 写作词数应为80左右；
2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
Dear fellow students,
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
The Student Union
【答案】Dear fellow students,
World Environment Day falls on June 5 every year and it’s high time that we took action to protect our environment.
The earth, as our precious home, needs to be well cherished. Besides, protecting environment is of great significance to maintain the lasting developing of our society. Some effective methods for environmental protection are recommended. To begin with, make public vehicles your prior choice of transportation. Furthermore, save electricity as well as water. Last but not least, try to use environment-friendly shopping bags when purchasing in the market.
Small actions can make a great difference to the environment, so I appeal to all of you to join in these activities to make the world a better place.
The Student Union
【解析】
【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文。要求考生就“6月5日是世界环境日（World Environment Day），你校将于6月开展环境保护主题活动”一事，写一封倡议信，呼吁同学们积极行动，做力所能及的事情保护环境，内容包括：1. 保护环境的重要性；2. 有效的环境保护措施。
【详解】1.词汇积累
采取措施做某事：take action to do sth.→take measures to do sth.
此外：besides→what’s more
选择：choice→selection
使用：use→nake use of
2.句式拓展
简单句变复合句
原句：The earth, as our precious home, needs to be well cherished.
拓展句：The earth, which is our precious home, needs to be well cherished.
【点睛】【高分句型1】World Environment Day falls on June 5 every year and it’s high time that we took action to protect our environment. (运用了it’s high time that...固定句型，其中用了虚拟语气)
【高分句型2】Last but not least, try to use environment-friendly shopping bags when purchasing in the market. (运用了when引导时间状语从句的省略句)
第二节（满分25分）
57. 阅读下面短文，根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。
Herbal medicine，which has been used for medicinal purposes，is the use of plants to treat disease. Many herbalists use the entire plant，from the flowers，stems，leaves，and roots，in the form of everything from teas to tablets. These plants contain natural，chemical things that can treat the body for a variety of diseases，such as allergies（过敏症），asthma（哮喘）and cancer，among others.
Nowadays an increasing number of people prefer to adopt these plants to treat their diseases because，compared with chemical medicine，herbal medicine has its own advantages. Herbal medicine is more effective than chemical medicine for certain diseases. The chemical medicine prescribed by a chemist could have negative side effects，which，however，many of the herbal medicine does not have. If any，they are softer than chemical medicine. Obesity is the cause of many of the health problems. Herbal medicine can help weight loss more effectively and improve overall health.
However，cure using herbal medicine would take some time，and therefore people are supposed to possess enough patience. Worse still，herbal medicine contains a variety of ingredients（成分）and people have to be sure that their body agrees with the ingredients and that it is not allergic. A point worth mentioning here is that some herbal medicine for certain illnesses may have negative side effects. These side effects may not be shown at once，but would take months or even years. In the first stages，if the herbal medicine is not agreeing with you，it is wise to stop using it.
When used correctly，herbs can help treat a variety of diseases. But keep in mind that the herbal medicine industry is not regulated，so herbal products are sometimes labeled wrongly and may contain additives that are not listed on the label. Some herbs may cause allergic reactions or interact with conventional drugs，and some are poisonous if used improperly or at high doses（剂量）. Taking herbs on your own increases your risk.
【答案】Herbal medicine, abstracted from entire plants in various forms, is a way of treating some diseases. It has more advantages over chemical medicine owing to its better effectiveness and milder side effects. However, herbal medicine also has some disadvantages like time-consuming recovery, possible allergy and negative side effects. Therefore, it is a advisable for us to use herbs cautiously in case of some potentially risky consequences.
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。草药是从各种形式的整株植物中提取出来的，是治疗某些疾病的一种方法。它比化学药物具有更好的疗效和更温和的副作用。然而，草药也有一些缺点，如恢复时间长，可能过敏和负面的副作用。因此，我们建议谨慎使用草药，以防出现一些潜在的危险后果。
【详解】1.要点摘录
①Herbal medicine, which has been used for medicinal purposes, is the use of plants to treat diseases.
②Herbal medicine is more effective than chemical medicine for certain diseases.
③A point worth mentioning here is that some herbal medicine for certain illnesses may have negative side effects. These side effects may not be shown at once，but would take months or even years.
④But keep in mind that the herbal medicine industry is not regulated，so herbal products are sometimes labeled wrongly and may contain additives that are not listed on the label.
2.缜密构思
将第1、2、3、4四个要点进行重组
3.遣词造句
Herbal medicine, abstracted from entire plants in various forms, is a way of treating some diseases.
It has more advantages over chemical medicine owing to its better effectiveness and milder side effects..

However, herbal medicine also has some disadvantages like time-consuming recovery, possible allergy and negative side effects.
Therefore, it is a advisable for us to use herbs cautiously in case of some potentially risky consequences.
【点睛】[高分句型1.]Herbal medicine, abstracted from entire plants in various forms, is a way of treating some diseases.（现在分词做定语）
[高分句型2.]Therefore, it is a advisable for us to use herbs cautiously in case of some potentially risky consequences.（it is adj. for sb. to do sth.句型，其中it做形式主语）
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