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第10讲 阅读理解讲解与练习 - 【暑假自学课】2022年新高一英语暑假精品课（人教版）
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第三部分 Reading
I 阅读理解
Be down-to-earth. 脚踏实地
Preview
Exercises 1
Passage 1
（2022·湖北）It was one of the hottest days of the dry season. We had not seen rain in almost a month. The crops were dying. Cows had stopped giving milk. The streams were long gone back into the earth. If we didn’t see some rain soon we would lose everything.
I was in the kitchen making lunch for my husband and his brothers when I saw my six-yearold son, Billy, walking toward the woods. He was obviously walking with a great effort, trying to be as still as possible. Minutes after he disappeared into the woods, he came running out again, toward the house.
Moments later, however, he was once again walking in that slow purposeful long step toward the woods. This activity went on for over an hour: walking cautiously to the woods, then running back to the house. Finally, my curiosity got the best of me. I rushed out of the house and followed him on his journey.
He was cupping both hands in front of him as he walked, being very careful not to spill the water he held in them. Branches hit his little face but he did not try to avoid them. He had a much greater purpose. As I leaned in to spy on him, I saw the most amazing site.
Several large deer appeared threatening in front of him. But Billy walked right up to them. I almost screamed for him to get away. And I saw a baby deer lying on the ground, obviously suffering from heavy loss of water and heat exhaustion, and lift its head with great effort to accept the water cupped in my beautiful boy’s hands.
I stood on the edge of the woods watching the most beautiful heart I have ever known working so hard to save a life. As the tears that rolled down my face began to hit the ground, they were suddenly joined by other drops. . . and more drops. . . and more. I looked up at the sky. It was as if God, himself, was weeping with pride.
1．Why did the author follow her son?
A．Because she was very curious. B．Because her son was doing a good deed.
C．Because there might be danger. D．Because she also intended to help them.
2．Which of the following statements is NOT true according to the text?
A．Rain was in desperate need at that time. B．Billy carried water with his small hands.
C．There were few trees in the woods. D．Billy walked into the woods again and again.
3．What quality did Billy mainly show in this story?
A．Enthusiasm. B．Care. C．Curiosity. D．Shyness .
4．What does the author mean by the underlined sentence?
A．She was moved to tears. B．She was sad about the deer.
C．God rewarded us with rainfall. D．God was crying.
1．A
2．C
3．B
4．C
【解析】
【导语】
本文是一篇记叙文。文章叙述了由于一个多月没有下雨了，眼看就要颗粒无收，这时作者看见自己的儿子多次向森林跑去很好奇，于是有一次就悄悄地跟去，发现儿子小心翼翼地端着水在拯救快要渴死的小鹿，作者很是感动，这种行为可能感动了上帝，天开始下雨。
1．
细节理解题。根据第三段“Finally, my curiosity got the best of me. I rushed out of the house and followed him on his journey.(最后，我的好奇心占了上风。我冲出房子，跟着他上路了)”可知，作者是出于好奇才跟着儿子的。故选A。
2．
细节理解题。根据第一段“We had not seen rain in almost a month.(我们几乎有一个月没下雨了)”可知，急需雨水；第二段的“Minutes after he disappeared into the woods, he came running out again, toward the house.(他消失在树林里几分钟后，又跑了出来，朝房子的方向跑去)”和第三段的“Moments later, however, he was once again walking in that slow purposeful long step toward the woods.(然而，过了一会儿，他又迈着那缓慢而坚定的步子向树林走去)”可知，他在屋子和树林里之间来回穿梭；第四段的“He was cupping both hands in front of him as he walked(他走路时双手捧在身前)”可知，他用双手捧着水，ABD三项都正确。C项“树林里几乎没有树”陈述错误。故选C。
3．
推理判断题。根据第五段的“Several large deer appeared threatening in front of him. But Billy walked right up to them.(几只大鹿出现在他面前，气势汹汹。但是比利径直走向它们)”和最后一段的“I stood on the edge of the woods watching the most beautiful heart I have ever known working so hard to save a life.(我站在树林的边缘，看着我所见过的最美丽的心，如此努力地拯救一条生命)”可知，比利很关心那只小鹿，比利在这个故事中表现出的主要品质是关爱。故选B。
4．
词句猜测题。由最后一段的“As the tears that rolled down my face began to hit the ground, they were suddenly joined by other drops. . . and more drops. . . and more. I looked up at the sky.(当泪水从我的脸上滚落下来的时候，突然又有其他的水滴加入进来……还有更多的水滴……和更多。我抬头看了看天空)”可知，应该是下雨了，所以划线句的意思是“上帝赐给我们降雨”。故选C。
Exercises 2
Passage 2
（2022·河南）The American state of Wyoming has created an app to help citizens collect animals killed in road accidents. The tool permits people to legally(合法地) use the animals, known as roadkill, for food. The program also aims to collect data to help officials decide on measures to improve road safety.
State wildlife and highway officials added the system to a state-operated app that provides information on road conditions and traffic. Users can record sightings of roadkill accidents and seek permission to remove the animals within the state's rules and guidelines. Wyoming describes “road killed wildlife” as any deer, antelope, elk, moose, wild bison or wild turkey that was killed in an accidental vehicle crash.
State rules require the full animal remains to be collected. For safety reasons, roadkill may not be picked up after dark, along interstate highways or in areas where road repairs are happening. The app provides state officials with data on the number of roadkill accidents and where the crashes happen. This helps wildlife and transportation officials decide where to put up warning signs for animal crossings.
Jaden Bales is a spokesperson for the Wyoming Wildlife Federation. He was recently told that a deer had been killed on a road not far from his home in the town of Lander. He used the app to report and collect the deer. He then processed the animal's remains for food.
Bales said some people might think it is acceptable to leave roadkill where it is so that the “circle of life” can be completed. In this way, other creatures show up to feed on the dead animals. But this, he added, presents big risks to the other animals. It is really dangerous for any of the creatures that come and try to eat roadkill.
5．What do government officials intend to do with the app?
A．Explore places where wild animals live. B．Find out why animals cross the road.
C．Discover what animals cross the road. D．Find ways to protect animals on the road.
6．What’s Bales’ attitude towards the use of roadkill?
A．Uncaring. B．Supportive. C．Doubtful. D．Unclear.
7．What is one benefit of picking up roadkill from the road?
A．Making up for the lack of meat as food. B．Curing wild animals of their injuries.
C．Preventing more wild animals being killed. D．Protecting the circle of life.
8．Which of the following can be the best title for the text?
A．App Helps People Collect Animals Killed on Roads
B．People Legally Pick Up Roadkill Animals on Roads
C．App Is Created for Drivers to Use to Save Animals
D．State Takes Action to Remove Animals on Roads
5．D
6．B
7．C
8．A
【解析】
【导语】
本文是一篇说明文。美国怀俄明州开发了一款应用程序，帮助市民收集死于交通事故的动物。该程序允许人们合法地使用这些被车撞死的动物为食物。该项目还旨在收集数据，以帮助官方决定改善道路安全的措施。
5．
细节理解题。根据第三段的 “This helps wildlife and transportation officials decide where to put up warning signs for animal crossings.(这有助于野生动物和运输官员决定在哪里为动物过境设立警告标志。)”可知，政府官员打算用这款应用想办法保护路上的动物。故选D。
6．
推理判断题。根据第四段“He was recently told that a deer had been killed on a road not far from his home in the town of Lander. He used the app to report and collect the deer. He then processed the animal's remains for food.(他最近被告知，一只鹿在离他在兰德镇的家不远的路上被杀死了。他使用该应用程序报告并收集鹿。然后，他处理动物的遗体作为食物。)”以及最后一段“But this, he added, presents big risks to the other animals. It is really dangerous for any of the creatures that come and try to eat roadkill.(但他补充说，这给其他动物带来了很大的风险。对任何来吃被车撞死动物的动物来说，这都是非常危险的。)可推断，他支持人们合法地处理死去的动物。故选B。
7．
细节理解题。根据最后一段的“It is really dangerous for any of the creatures that come and try to eat roadkill.( 对任何来吃被车撞死动物的动物来说，这都是非常危险的。)”可知，捡走被撞死的动物会防止更多的野生动物被杀害。故选C。
8．
主旨大意题。通读全文并根据第一段的“The American state of Wyoming has created an app to help citizens collect animals killed in road accidents. (美国怀俄明州开发了一款应用程序，帮助市民收集死于交通事故的动物。)”及全文可知，文章讨论的话题是美国怀俄明州开发了一款应用程序，帮助市民收集死于交通事故的动物。所以“App Helps People Collect Animals Killed on Roads(帮助人们收集死于道路上的动物的应用程序)”作为文章标题最为合适。故选A。
Exercises 2
Passage 3
（2022·河南）Four novels recommended to readers
Come Back for Me by Sharon Hart-Green
Loss, sufferings, memory, and, above all, the ties of family and being Jewish are the factors that weave (编织) together this whole story. Come Back for Me travels through time and place only to bring us, eventually, to the connections between generations. The main character is a young war survivor whose effort to find his sister takes him to post-war Israel.
The Book Thief by Markus Zusak
It is 1939, Nazi Germany. The country is holding its breath. Death has never been busier, and will become busier still.
Liesel Meminger is a little girl living outside of Munich, who tries to keep body and soul together by stealing when she meets with something she can’t resist (抵挡)-books. With the help of her father, she learns to read and shares her stolen books with her neighbors during bombing (炸弹) attacks as well as with the Jewish man hidden in her basement.
Red Shoes for Rachel: Three Novellas by Boris Sandler
Rachel, a daughter of Holocaust survivors raised in Brighton Beach, meets with a Moldovan Jewish woman as she is tending to her disabled, elderly mother along the Coney Island boardwalk. As the two begin a relationship, the story exposes (揭示) their past and the common points between the two children of Holocaust survivors raised in very different societies.
Shidduchcrisis: Short Stories by Penina Shtauber
Like any world, it has its stereotypes (刻板印象). We’ve got the mean guy and the shallow girl, the too-religious, the not-religious-enough and everyone in between, those who are in it because they want to and those who are in it because their moms made them.
And mostly we’ve got the pressure, pressure on all ends.
Basically, it’s a lot of fun, a lot of tears, a lot of arguments and some love.
9．What is the main storyline of the book Come Back for Me?
A．The long road back home. B．Sufferings brought by war.
C．The search for a family member. D．Relationships between humans.
10．What is the background of the book The Book Thief?
A．War. B．City life. C．Family. D．School.
11．Which book describes the memories of childhood?
A．The Book Thief. B．Come Back for Me.
C．Shidduchcrisis: Short Stories. D．Red Shoes for Rachel: Three Novellas.
9．C
10．A
11．D
【解析】
【导语】
本文是一篇应用文。文章介绍了四本值得推荐给读者的小说。
9．
细节理解题。根据第一本书介绍中的“The main character is a young war survivor whose effort to find his sister takes him to post-war Israel.(主角是一个年轻的战争幸存者，为了找到他的妹妹，他来到了战后的以色列。)”可知，Come Back for Me的主要情节是寻找家人。故选C。
10．
细节理解题。根据第二本书介绍中的最后一句“With the help of her father, she learns to read and shares her stolen books with her neighbors during bombing (炸弹) attacks as well as with the Jewish man hidden in her basement.(在父亲的帮助下，她学会了阅读，并在炸弹袭击时把偷来的书分享给邻居，以及藏在地下室的犹太男子。)”可知，The Book Thief这本书的背景是战争。故选A。
11．
细节理解题。根据第三本书介绍的最后一句“As the two begin a relationship, the story exposes (揭示) their past and the common points between the two children of Holocaust survivors raised in very different societies.(随着两人开始交往，故事揭示了他们的过去，以及两个在截然不同的社会中长大的大屠杀幸存者的孩子之间的共同点。)”可知，Red Shoes for Rachel: Three Novellas这本书描述了悲伤的童年回忆。故选D。
Exercises 4
Passage 4
（2022·山东）Whether your friends live a long way away or you’re just not able to hang out in person right now, it can be difficult to come up with fun things to do together. Here are some ideas for online fun with friends.
Collaborate (合作) on a project.
___12___ You might have a good time exercising your creativity together. Some things you can do as a group include; Brainstorming ideas or writing together in a cloud-based application.
Listen to music.
Music is a great way to bond with friends, whether you all like the same bands or want to share new songs with each other. ___13___ If you and your friends all have Spotify Premiurn, use Group Sessions on your phone’s to listen together.
Read together.
Book clubs are classic. You and your friends can pick a new book for everyone, or make recommendations for each other. Whether you read the books on a call together, or on your own time, it’ll give you a new piece of literature to discuss together. ___14___ You may be able to get access to free eBooks through a library’s website or app.
Do group workouts.
Even if it's okay to go to the gym, sometimes the weather or traffic doesn’t allow it, ___15___ You can also try yoga or meditation (冥想) sessions together too, as a less-intense choice.
Learn or practice skills together.
Building a skill with friends might appeal to you. If one of your friends has a hobby that you’d like to pick up, or vice versa, you can try mentoring each other online. ___16___
A．There are also online tours of famous landmarks.
B．The simplest way is to send the songs to each other.
C．Creating something together can be a fun experience.
D．Don’t panic if you don’t have the money for new books.
E．You can also practice that you’re both learning together.
F．The health benefits of working out in the gym are countless.
G．You and your friends can schedule a time to work out together.
12．C
13．B
14．D
15．G
16．E
【解析】
【分析】
本文是一篇应用文。文章推荐了与朋友进行在线娱乐的办法。
12．
C项“Creating something together can be a fun experience.(一起创造一些东西可能是一种有趣的体验)”中的“Creating something together”呼应本段小标题“Collaborate (合作) on a project.”中的“Collaborate (合作)”，“a fun experience”又与后一句中的“have a good time”呼应。故选C。
13．
B项“The simplest way is to send the songs to each other.(最简单的方法是互相发送歌曲)”承接了前文的“want to share new songs with each other(想要彼此分享新歌)”。故选B。
14．
根据后文“You may be able to get access to free eBooks through a library’s website or app.(你可以通过图书馆的网站或应用程序获得免费电子书)”的句意可知，这句是对D项“Don’t panic if you don’t have the money for new books.(如果你没有钱买新书，不要惊慌)”的承接。故选D。
15．
G项“You and your friends can schedule a time to work out together.(你和你的朋友可以安排一个时间一起锻炼)”中的“work out together”呼应了本段小标题“Do group workouts.(集体锻炼)”。故选G。
16．
E项“You can also practice that you’re both learning together.(你们也可以练习一起学习)”中的“practice”及“learning together”呼应了本段小标题“Learn or practice skills together.(一起学习或练习技能)”。故选E。
Knowledge
Tip 1
新高一学生现状
1. 词汇量问题
初中词汇量要求为1500个，但高中词汇量要求则有3000个。故而英语单词词汇量是进入高中学习后的一大难题，而词汇量的多少也直接决定了阅读文章是否能看懂的情况，虽然英语学习可以通过语法弥补部分理解上的缺陷，但是对于现行教育模式，能够学懂语法并加以利用的学生少之又少，故而词汇量是决定文章是否理解的直接原因。
2. 阅读习惯问题
语言的学习需要一个良好的阅读习惯，这种阅读习惯来源于自己母语的深层次训练。也就是语文的阅读习惯，语文阅读过程中本身要求对文章有一个篇章结构的认识，但是很多学生不会将语文阅读习惯照搬到英语阅读过程中，因而在遇到高中的大篇幅文章时会出现摸不清思路，找不准方向的问题。
3. 逻辑思维问题
英语虽是语言，但属于西方语系。一种语言它所代表的是这个语系下的历史文化，西方人的历史文化重理性思维，故而逻辑性严密，但我们汉语的语系逻辑性不严密，因此很多学生在英语学习过程中会将中文的思维方式运用到英语中，故而经常出现过分概括、无据推断、因果关系错误或前后矛盾等逻辑推理错误。
4. 阅读面问题
初中英语重在语法，故而对文章的阅读和西方文化的讲解方面有所欠缺，因此学生的阅读量就完全基于学生自己。虽然很多地区以做题的方式想法设法帮助学生扩展阅读面，但是学生因没有养成通过阅读文章拓展知识面的习惯，故而在学生眼中做阅读题就是单纯的做阅读题。从而，直接导致了进入高中的心声阅读数量不足、阅读质量不高的问题。
Tip 2
新高一阅读基本题型及特征
1. 主旨大意题：考察学生对文章的概括能力
2. 细节理解题：考察学生对文章某一细节的理解能力
3. 推理判断题：考察学生对文章已有事实的推断能力
4. 词义猜测题：考察学生对文章上下文的综合理解和推导能力
Tip 3
新高一学生阅读训练建议
1. 提高词汇量
词汇量是学生提高英语阅读能力的基础。以前初中英语背单词过程中，就平均情况而言，学生对词汇基本上只是了解一个单词的前一两个含义，而对于单词的词性，基本上都属于现场推断，没有系统的记忆，此外，对于单词的构成也没有系统的掌握。因而，在高中阶段，学生在掌握单词基本的音、形、义的基础上，还要了解它的词性、在句中的各种灵活用法以及一词多义等现象。从数量上讲，学生除了要掌握课本要求的词性，还要通过学习构词法来扩大词汇量，如care, careful, carefully, careless, carelessly, cared, caring等。此外，除了课本上常见的单词外，学生还要通过拓展阅读量来提高自己单词的宽度，要能广泛阅读各种类型各种体裁的文章，积累不同场景的单词。
2. 培养阅读习惯
一个好的阅读习惯可以帮助一个学生快速的掌握一篇文章的中心思想，并且同时不会丢失太多的文章细节。英语作为一门外来语言，很容易让学习者陷入我一定要把整篇文章都读懂的心理。但，阅读文章分为精读和泛读，学生阅读时要注重文章大意，不深究细节，更不要在只言片语上长时间滞留，要调动以往的知识与经验去领悟作者的意图，掌握中心思想和组织结构。为了提高阅读能力，学生应以不同文意为主体，而不是以单词或短语为主体，要根据文意，适当的勾画，将不同的信息分隔开，从而做到快速将不同内容的信息进行分类。
3. 扩展阅读面
扩展阅读面的第一步是将课本文章都做到熟读、精读和背诵。第二步，学会做好对完形填空、阅读理解、听力原文以及书面表达材料的有效利用。第三步，还可以从网上下载一些美文或者具有时代性的材料，包括新闻、小说、诗歌、散文等文章，也可以从报刊上选取。现如今，学校大多会订阅英语报或英语周刊，学生可以多从当中选取文章来熟读、精读，从而有助于语言知识运用和阅读理解、分析能力的提高。
Difficulty
Tip 1
细节理解题解题技巧
1. 细节理解题常见提问方式：
①Which of the following is true/false?
②Which of the following is not mentioned in the passage?
③All of the followings are true except/beside ______?
④The author/passage states that ________?
⑤According to the passage, ________?
⑥In paragraph … , ________?
2. 细节理解题的考察方向
（1）可在原文直接找到答案：一般来说会在设问中出现大量细节
（2）需要对文章或题目含义进行转义：通常出现在选项较为复杂的情况中
（3）对文章顺序进行排序：通常选项会有4—5个单句进行排序
（4）需要对文章数据进行计算：注意这类题有一定的思维能力
（5）需要对图形信心进行推理：注意图片中隐含的信息
（6）判断文章内容的对错：这类题要么选有的，要么选没有的，要能区分提问方式
3. 细节理解题的解题思路
（1）细节理解题的设题策略
①文章列举信息的地方通常为考察点，如出现first，second，in addition，all in all，in general等表示列举或总结的词；
②文章举例与打比方的地方通常为考察点，如出现for example，for instance，as，such as等能引出举例的词或短语；
③文章指示代词出现的地方通常为考察点；
④文章引用人物语言的地方通常为考察点，如出现人名，或者带有引号的句子等；
⑤文昌出现特殊标点符号的地方通常为考察点，如出现冒号、破折号、分好等。
（2）细节理解题的选项思路
选项出现多词或少词的情况，英语句子的核心在于被修饰对象，而往往考试就在于对被修饰对象范围的扩大和缩小上。
（3）细节理解题的做题思路
在阅读题干过程中，按照如下顺序依次寻找关键信息：大写开头的单词、表示时间地点方式原因等的状语或者由介词引出的状语、各种从句、特殊疑问词、主谓宾。找到对应信息后一定要在文章中适当的勾画，防止被选项误导进入误区。
Tip 2
推理判断题解题技巧
1. 推理判断题常见提问方式：
①We can conclude that ________.
②We may infer that ________.
③The author suggests that ________.
④The story/passage implies that ________.
⑤What the author really means is ________.
⑥It can be inferred from the passage that ________.
⑦According to the passage/paragraph …, you can see ________.
⑧It can be seen from the passage/paragraph… that _______.
⑨The passage suggests that ________.
总而言之，重点关注这几个词即可：infer，imply，suggest，indicate，conclude等
2. 推理判断题的考察方向
（1）根据已有事实进行合理的事实推断
（2）根据已有信息进行作者态度或语气的推断
（3）考察在文章基础上的合理后续，绝不是单纯的文章含义考察
（4）需要学生具备一定的总结概括和推导能力
3. 细节理解题的解题思路
（1）推理判断题的选项思路
①不会出现太过于绝对和唯一的词，如must，mustn’t，always，never，only等
②内容多涉及总结概括，少细节描述，细节描述多为迷惑选项
③内容与文章信息息息相关，绝不是凭空想象
④内容是在文章已有信息基础上的合理推断，绝非原文内容的照搬
（2）推理判断题的做题思路
重点注意一个中心两个基本点：
①一个中心：以文章“认为”为中心，不要以自己“认为”为中心
②两个基本点：以文章事实为推断的基本出发点；
以关键信息前修饰词为推断的基本出发点。
Tip 3
词义猜测解题技巧
1. 词义猜测题常见提问方式：
①The phrase/word “…” in Paragraph… could be replaced by ________.
②The word “…” in Paragraph… refers to ________.
③What is the meaning of the underlined word “…” in Paragraph…?
④What does the underlined word “…” mean?
⑤Which of the following is the closest in meaning to the phrase “…”?
⑥The word “…” most probably means _______?
2. 词义猜测题的解题思路
词义猜测题的选项和解题思路
①四个选项皆为单词。此时，首先要关注情感色彩，英语中的形动副是具备情感色彩的，可先简单划分积极、消极、无感情三类，再根据文章前后分类判断；其次要关注构词法，如常见的否定前缀dis-，un-等，如常见的否定后缀-less等；最后要关注词根，有些单词有自己认识的部分，可以根据已有部分进行合理的含义推断。
②四个选项皆为句子。此时，要重点注意同义替换。
③四个选项皆为名词或代词。此时，一般提问的对象是名词或代词，一定要由近至远，逐句推断。
Tip 4
主旨大意题解题技巧
1. 主旨大意题常见提问方式：
①The main idea of the passage/text is ________.
②The text/passage is mainly about ________.
③What does the passage mainly discuss?
④Which of the following best expresses the main idea?
⑤The main point of the passage is ________.
⑥The best headline for this newspaper article would be ________.
⑦Which of the following is the best title to be given to the article?
⑧What is the topic of the text?
⑨The main purpose of the story is to tell us ________.
2. 主旨大意题的解题思路
主旨大意题的做题思路
①找到主题句：一般首段出现疑问句，都是作者在自问自答，故而回答就是主题句；
如果首段出现作者的例证或者假设，之后的句子也是文章的主题句；
若出现but，however，instead等表示转折的词，其后一般会出现主题句；
若反复出现重复的观点或信息，通常就是主题信息。
②找文章结构：语文中所学到的文章结构通常适用于英语文章：总分总；总分；分总
③将每段首尾句串起来通常也是文章的主题含义。
Practice
（2022·江苏）What is talent? Are you born with it? Or does it seem to develop over time? Before I start, I’d like to say that one thing everyone agrees on is that the most skilled musicians have worked hard to get there.
While it’s true that a few of us had enough “talent” to avoid extra practice to do just as well as those who did, those who worked hard easily beat us. It is, in fact, very likely that if some of us “talented ones” had actually been practicing and improving our skill, we would have achieved a whole different level.
Another aspect of talent seems to be heart and passion (酷爱). The people I see who are the most talented musicians are crazy about music. They eat, breathe, and live music and they make an extraordinary effort to make it part of their lives. As Remus Badea said, desire for the musician-to-be is significant for them to be successful. This desire is easily found in those considered to be talented. When you want and love something so bad, it drives you and your entire character can be shaped around it. Such determined passion seems to produce incredible skill and talent.
The third aspect (方面) of talent is having talent around you. When surrounded by talented musicians, it only seems natural that you start to catch up to their level Take a look at almost any group of musicians in history. The more talented people in the group the more talented the group is as a whole. A great example of this is the relationship between audio producer and artist. The artist turns up to the studio with their song, and as they work through recording it, the audio producer will often suggest various changes to the song to make it better.
1．What can we learn from Paragraph 2?
A．Pride goes before a fall.
B．It’s never too old to learn.
C．Practice contributes to talent.
D．Talent determines achievements.
2．What is the key to success according to Remus Badea?
A．Passion. B．Character . C．Skill. D．Talent.
3．Why is the example mentioned in the last paragraph?
A．To introduce what real talents are.
B．To explain how a song is composed.
C．To prove talents need team spirit.
D．To show the benefits of being with talents.
4．What might the author probably agree with?
A．Music has no limits.
B．Musicians are born with talent.
C．Music favors the talented.
D．Musicians are created, not born.
1．C
2．A
3．D
4．D
【解析】
【分析】
本文是一篇议论文。文章阐述了作者关于“天赋”的观点，认为天赋并不是天生的，而是可以通过练习与提能、热情与激情、伴随天才左右三个方面来创造出“天赋”。
1．
细节理解题。根据第二段中的“It is, in fact, very likely that if some of us “talented ones” had actually been practicing and improving our skill, we would have achieved a whole different level.”（事实上，如果我们中的一些“有才华的人”实际上一直在练习和提高我们的技能，我们很可能已经达到了一个完全不同的水平。）可知，练习有助于天赋才能。故选C项。
2．
细节理解题。根据第三段中的“As Remus Badea said, desire for the musician-to-be is significant for them to be successful.”（正如Remus Badea所说，对未来音乐家的渴望对他们的成功具有重要意义。）可知，渴望（即热情）是很重要的。故选A项。
3．
推理判断题。最后一段提到音频制作人和艺术家的关系是为了验证作者关于天赋的第三个观点，即前面提到的“having talent around you”和“The more talented people in the group, the more talented the group is as a whole”，进一步展示了和有才能的人在一起的好处(即自己也会变得更好)。故选D项。
4．
推理判断题。根据第一段中的“Before I start, I’d like to say that one thing everyone agrees on is that the most skilled musicians have worked hard to get there.”（在我开始之前，我想说的是每个人都同意的一件事是，最熟练的音乐家已经努力工作到达那里。）可推知，作者赞同音乐家是通过努力创造出来的，而不是天生的，故选D项。
（2022·广东）Buying clothes for a special event, hiding the price tickets and returning them to the store the next day has for years been the method of economical shoppers. Today people are doing it just for social media.
A survey conducted by the credit card company Barclaycard revealed that nearly one in ten UK shoppers admits to buying clothing only to post photos on social media for likes. After the “outfit (装束) of the day” makes it online, they return it to the store. According to Barclaycard, the “try before you buy” policy of online retailers (零售商) where people pay for clothing they order online after they try it on at home could be contributing to this rising trend.
But the rise of social media has meant that everyone, not just superstars, expects to build and maintain a personal brand. Since we’re documenting our lives and posting them online for public judgment, getting caught in the same outfits more than once should be avoided. And the cost of all those outfits of the day adds up, which makes returning a popular way.
There are brands that tailor clothes specifically for social media shoppers, like Fashion Nova. “These are clothes made for social media: meant to be worn once, photographed and abandoned,” Allison P. Davis wrote in her report about the brand. Another favorite of the social media age is Rent the Runway, which lets customers rent designer clothing for a fee.
Some, however, are moving in the opposite direction. Groups promoting “work uniforms” have increased greatly in recent years, aiming to free women from “the annoyance of clothing decisions”. The concept of the “capsule wardrobe” (胶囊衣柜), which calls for purchasing a small number of high-quality pieces instead of lots of trendy throwaway clothes, is also making a comeback.
5．What does the survey by Barclaycard indicate?
A．Some Britons send outfits back after shoots.
B．Britons try on clothes before online purchases.
C．Britons follow the fashion stars closely.
D．Some Britons over-order and return clothes.
6．What’s Fashion Nova’s special service?
A．Renting chargeable designer clothes.
B．Offering customers single-use clothes.
C．Creating unique shopping experiences.
D．Helping shoppers improve their clothing style.
7．What’s the idea behind the “capsule wardrobe”?
A．Better fewer, but better.
B．Less addition, but more enjoyment.
C．Less uniform and more freedom.
D．More choices and less annoyance.
8．What’s the purpose of the author to write the text?
A．To compare different wearing trends.
B．To criticize the “try before you buy” policy.
C．To advocate buying high-quality clothes.
D．To introduce Britain’s new wearing trend.
5．A
6．B
7．A
8．D
【解析】
【分析】
这是一篇说明文。讲述的是，在英国一种新的穿衣潮流出现，即一些人为了维护在社交媒体上的形象，经常购买衣服，穿上拍照后就退货。本文介绍了这种潮流出现的原因，服装品牌对应的措施，以及与之相反的穿衣趋势。
5．
细节理解题。根据第二段中“A survey conducted by the credit card company Barclaycard revealed that nearly one in ten UK shoppers admits to buying clothing only to post photos on social media for likes. ‘outfit (装束) of the day’ makes it online, they return it to the store. (巴克莱信用卡公司开展的一项调查显示，近十分之一的英国购物者承认自己买衣服只是为了把照片发到社交媒体上获得点赞。‘当天的服装’在网上完成后，他们会把衣服退回商店。)”可知，一些英国人在拍摄后把衣服送回去。故选A项。
6．
细节理解题。根据第四段中“There are brands that tailor clothes specifically for social media shoppers, like Fashion Nova.(有些品牌专门为社交媒体购物者定制服装，比如Fashion Nova。)”以及Allison P. Davis所写“These are clothes made for social media: meant to be worn once, photographed and abandoned.(这些衣服是为社交媒体设计的：穿一次、拍照和丢弃。)”可知，Fashion Nova的特别服务是为顾客提供一次性衣服。故选B项。
7．
推理判断题。根据最后一段中“The concept of the ‘capsule wardrobe’, which calls for purchasing a small number of high-quality pieces instead of lots of trendy throwaway clothes, is also making a comeback.(‘胶囊衣橱’的概念也正在回归，‘胶囊衣橱’指的是购买少量高品质的衣服，而不是大量购买流行的一次性衣服。)”可知，胶囊衣橱”背后的理念是越少越好。故选A项。
8．
推理判断题。通读全文可知，本文主要讲述的是，在英国一种新的穿衣潮流出现，一些人为了维护在社交媒体上的形象，经常购买衣服，穿上拍照后就退货。本文介绍了这种潮流出现的原因，服装品牌对应的措施，以及另外的穿衣趋势。所以，本文的写作目的是向读者客观地介绍英国新的穿衣潮流。故选D项。
（2022·福建）My 12-year-old daughter, Lauren, came home from school yesterday, proudly waving her grade book to me. She had been awarded A-1 in most subjects such as mathematics, language arts and science—a great achievement! Then she sadly pointed out that her perfect score was damaged by a B-1 in French and a C-1 in Physical Education.
I asked her what the scores meant. She said that the letter showed the achievement(成绩) and the number showed the effort. That moment I realized that the grades were misleading. I reached out my hands and gave her a big hug and told her in my mind she had a perfect score. It didn’t matter that her grade in French was a “B”—the “l” showed that she had tried her best. That is something to make any parent proud.
Everybody is different. Everybody has different potential(潜能). Not all of us will become linguists(语言学家) or sports stars. But without 100％effort no potential can be achieved. If I see a salesperson fail at sales, the first thing I want to examine is the effort being put in. If there is a problem with effort, the salesperson has no future. But if I see a salesperson isn’t successful with l00％effort, he or she is worth my effort in helping. Maybe a bit of training or some advice from a more successful person will help. I know that 100％effort, focus in the right direction, will always bring a result whether that is an “A” or a “C”. As long as you make 100％effort, you are great.
9．The author’s daughter was weak in _______.
A．maths. B．science. C．chemistry. D．physical education.
10．What does the author think of grades?
A．High grades make parents proud.
B．Grades are important to children.
C．People hold a wrong idea of grades.
D．High grades show great achievements.
11．Seeing a salesman with 100% effort fail, the author ______.
A．will give him training.
B．is willing to offer help.
C．will find an easy way for him.
D．may think he has no future.
12．In the passage the author praises a person highly for _______.
A．trying his or her best.
B．achieving good grades.
C．having different potential.
D．giving other people useful advice.
9．D
10．C
11．B
12．A
【解析】
【分析】
本文是夹叙夹议文。作者认为分数会误导人们，人最重要的是做出百分之百的努力。
9．
细节理解题。根据第1段的“Then she sadly pointed out that her perfect score was damaged by B-l in French and a C-1 in physical education”（然后她悲伤地指出，她的完美成绩被法语的 B-l 和体育课的 C-1所破坏。）可知，作者的女儿在体育上表现不佳，故选D。
10．
推理判断题。根据第2段的“That was when it struck me that the grades were misleading.”（就在那时，我突然意识到这些分数有误导性。）可知，作者认为人们对分数抱着错误的观点。故选C项。
11．
细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“But if I see 100% effort，but a lack of success, the salesperson is worth my effort in helping him or her.”（但是如果我看到100% 的努力，但是没有成功，那么这个销售人员值得我去帮助他或她。）可知，当作者见到这样的推销员，他愿意帮助他或她。故选B项。
12．
推理判断题。根据文章内容以及最后一段中“As long as you make 100% effort, you are great.”（只要你付出100% 的努力，你就是伟大的。）可知，作者高度赞扬做出百分之百努力的人。故选A项。
（2022·上海）A http:/www.literacynet.org/cnnsf/
Fantastic site from CNN. Over 50 news stories categorized under headings such as crime, environment and adventure. Each story has a range of activities focusing on comprehension and vocabulary, mostly of the multiple-choice variety.
B http:/www.npr.org/
NPR is an American radio network with an extensive audio archive—an excellent source of authentic English.
C http:/www.humorlinks.com/
Hilarious site bringing together over 7,000 links to humor of every kind, from American comedy to Australian cartoons. Here you will see the funniest jokes and pictures from around the world.
D http:/www.bbc.co.uk/bbcfour/audiointerviews/
Hundreds of fascinating interviews with famous people from every walk of life: actors, cartoonists, musicians, painters, philosophers, political activists, scientists and writers.
E http:/www.bbc.co.uk/music/listen
Lots of online music from classical to jazz, from blues to rap. You can listen to radio programs or select a range of special features.
F http: /www.onestopenglish.com
Here you will find listening activities—updated each month--from the online magazine from Macmillan.
13．http:/www.literacynet.org/cnnsf is a website intended for those who________.
A．are learning English
B．are writing news stories
C．are interested in environment protection
D．are designing activities for newspapers
14．For someone who is doing a project on this year's Nobel Prize winner, ________ will be the most suitable website to turn to.
A．http:/www.onestopenglish.com
B．http:/www.humorlinks.com/
C．http:/www.bbc.co.uk/bbcfour/audiointerviews/
D．http:/www.bbc.co.uk/music/isten
15．Which of the following might be the best title of the passage?
A．How to Choose a Suitable Website
B．This Week's Web Guide
C．Web Radio: New Access to Information
D．Special Features from Famous Websites
13．A
14．C
15．B
【解析】
本文是应用文。介绍各种网址的用处。
13．
细节理解题。根据第一部分“Each story has a range of activities focusing on comprehension and vocabulary, mostly of the multiple-choice variety.” 每个故事都有一系列以理解和词汇为主的活动，大多是多项选择。第一部分提到了词汇，所以是和语言有关的，A项表示“学英语”，符合题意，故选A项。
14．
推理判断题。根据第四部分“Hundreds of fascinating interviews with famous people from every walk of life: actors, cartoonists, musicians, painters, philosophers, political activists, scientists and writers.” 数百个精彩的采访名人从各行各业:演员，漫画家，音乐家，画家，哲学家，政治活动家，科学家和作家。根据本段描述，提到了采访名人，题干中的诺贝尔奖也跟名人有关，故选C项。
15．
主旨大意题。根据每一段的标题都是网址，可以看出本文是介绍和网络有关的指南，故选B项。
（2022·宁夏）What do you think of 80s pop music? Do the names George Michael, Madonna and Michael Jackson sound familiar? Well, these are just some of the names that were well-known in the music scene of the 80s and early 90s. The 80s pop music scene was an important step to the popularity (普及) of present-day music. A new wave in the music scene was introduced, which made such music styles as punk rock, rap music and the MTV popular. Although it was an end to the old 60s and 70s styles, it was also the beginning of something big. The popularity of music videos meant that artists now replaced their guitar-based music with visual displays. A new wave of artists came on the scene and the entire industry developed quickly.
The most famous 80s pop music video is Michael Jackson’s Thriller. Introduced in 1982, few people can forget the video not only because of its never-be-foreseen images, but also because of the popularity it received. Think of how 80s pop music changed the lives of people who grew up in the 80s. Ask a young man today to tell you the names of the “New Kids on the Block” and he will start talking about the neighbor kids who just moved in. These are not the answers you might have heard in the 80s. Though today’s young men do not recognize how cool 80s pop music was, most people will always remember it for what it was and these are happy memories they will always love.
Some of the 80s pop music legends (传奇人物) include Madonna, U2, AeroSmith and of course the King of Pop Michael Jackson. Let’s not forget Prince, Tina Turner, Phil Collins and Motown’s Lionel Ritchie. Some of these musicians played music that has stood the test of time. Undoubtedly, the 80s pop music scene will live on for many more years to come.
16．What is the text mainly about?
A．The characters of 80s pop music. B．What made 80s pop music popular.
C．80s pop music’s steps to popularity. D．The effects of 80s pop music.
17．80s pop music mainly includes the following styles EXCEPT ________.
A．guitar-based music B．the MTV C．rap music D．punk rock
18．Michael Jackson’s Thriller impressed people so deeply mainly because ________.
A．it changed the lives of people B．he sang it in a special style
C．it was made into a music video D．it left people with happy memories
19．The purpose of the last paragraph is to tell readers that ________.
A．80s pop music is and will remain popular B．80s pop music has many faults
C．80s pop music is now out of date
D．we shouldn’t forget the great musicians of the 80s
16．B
17．A
18．C
19．A
【解析】
【分析】
本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了20世纪80年代的流行音乐流行的原因，并列举了一些音乐家及其作品。
16．
主旨大意题。文章第一段中的“The popularity of music videos meant that artists now replaced their guitar-based music with visual displays. A new wave of artists came on the scene and the entire industry developed quickly.”（音乐视频的流行意味着艺术家们现在用视觉显示器取代了以吉他为基础的音乐。新一波的艺术家出现了，整个行业迅速发展起来。）以及其他段落提到的著名音乐家们可知，是音乐视频的流行以及著名音乐家们使80年代音乐流行起来。因此本文主要介绍了20世纪80年代的流行音乐流行的原因。故选B项。
17．
细节理解题。根据第一段的“A new wave in the music scene was introduced, which made such music styles as punk rock, rap music and the MTV popular.”（音乐界掀起了一股新的浪潮，使朋克摇滚、说唱音乐、MTV等音乐风格大受欢迎。）可知，八十年代出现的新的音乐形式有朋克摇滚、说唱音乐和MTV。A项guitar-based music没有出现。故选A项。
18．
细节理解题。根据第二段的“Introduced in 1982, few people can forget the video not only because of its never-before-seen images.”（1982年推出，很少有人能忘记这段视频，这不仅是因为它以前从未见过的图象。）可知，因为music video的引进，使得这首歌曲深入人心。故选C项。
19．
推理判断题。根据最后一段的“Undoubtedly, the 80s pop music scene will live on for many m ore years to come.”（毫无疑问，80年代的流行音乐将在未来的许多年里继续存在。）可知，作者最后一段的写作目的在于告诉读者八十年代的流行音乐现在和将来都将流行。故选A项。
（2021·云南）Avi Loeb, a scientist, believes that we are not alone in the universe. The belief fits with Loeb’s alien (外星的) spaceship theory that at least one alien spaceship might be flying over the orbit (轨道) of Jupiter, which won the international attention last year.
Astronomers in Hawaii found the first known interstellar (星际的) object in late 2017. It was a bit of light moving so fast past the sun that it could only have come from another star. Almost every astronomer on the planet was trying to figure out how the object, called “Oumuamua” got to our far-away, part of the Milky way galaxy. “One possibility is that ‘Oumuamua’ is debris (碎片) from an advanced technological equipment,” Loeb said. “Technology comes from another solar system just showed up at our door.”
“‘Oumuamua’ is not an alien spaceship,” Paul Sutter, another scientist wrote. He suggested Loeb was seeking publicity. Most scientists think “Oumuamua” is some sort of rock. They think it could be an icy wandering comet.
Loeb says that “Oumuamua’s” behavior, means it can’t be a block of rock shaped like a long photo. He thinks it's more likely an object that’s very long and thin, perhaps like a long pancake or a ship’s sail. Loeb says that if someone shows him evidence that contradicts his beliefs, he will immediately give in.
Loeb believes himself a truth-teller and risk- taker in an age of very safe, too-quiet scientists. “The worst thing that can happen to me is that I would be relieved of my management duties, and that would give me even more time to focus on science,” Loeb says. He said he wouldn’t mind giving up all the titles he had and returning to the Israeli farming village where he grew up.
20．What does Loeb say about “Oumuamua”?
A．It is an icy comet.
B．It looks like a long photo.
C．It is actually some sort of rock.
D．It may come from another alien civilization.
21．What does the underlined word “contradicts” in paragraph 4 probably mean?
A．Searches for. B．Depends on.
C．Turns to. D．Goes against.
22．What do you think of Loeb?
A．He is foolish.
B．He is unsatisfied with his titles.
C．He is a firm believer in scientific truth.
D．He is uncertain about his career future.
23．What’s the best title for the text?
A．Have Aliens Paid a Visit in Spaceships?
B．Do We Really Know about Space Theory?
C．Scientists Are Working on High Technology
D．Astronomers Are Encouraging Space Travel
20．D
21．D
22．C
23．A
【解析】
【分析】
这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了科学家Avi Loeb和其他科学家对“Oumuamua”的不同理解，讨论它是否是外星飞船临近地球。
20．
细节理解题。根据第二段中Loeb所说“One possibility is that ‘Oumuamua’ is debris (碎片) from an advanced technological equipment(一种可能是‘Oumuamua’是来自先进技术设备的碎片)”以及“Technology comes from another solar system just showed up at our door.(来自另一个太阳系的技术刚刚出现在我们的门口。)”可知，Loeb认为“Oumuamua” 可能来自另一个外星文明。故选D项。
21．
词句猜测题。根据上一段中Paul Sutter所说“‘Oumuamua’ is not an alien spaceship(‘Oumuamua’不是外星飞船)”可知，有科学家不同意Loeb的观点；根据划线词句后半句“he will immediately give in(他会立即让步)”可知，Loeb并不是绝对要坚持自己的观点，在某种条件下，他会让步的；而划线部分“Loeb says that if someone shows him evidence that contradicts his beliefs…(Loeb说，如果有人向他出示证据contradicts他的信念……)”说明如果其他科学家提供的证据和他的信念不一致，他会让步的，从而推断出划线单词contradicts为“不一致；相违背”的意思，选项D“违背”与之意义最为接近。故选D项。
22．
推理判断题。根据最后一段中“Loeb believes himself a truth-teller and risk- taker in an age of very safe, too-quiet scientists.(Loeb认为，在一个科学家非常安全、过于安静的时代，他是一个讲真话的人，也是一个敢于冒险的人。)”可知，Loeb是科学真理的坚定信徒。故选C项。
23．
主旨大意题。通读全文，根据第一段中“The belief fits with Loeb’s alien (外星的) spaceship theory that at least one alien spaceship might be flying over the orbit (轨道) of Jupiter, which won the international attention last year.(这一观点与Loeb的外星飞船理论相吻合，该理论认为至少有一艘外星飞船可能正在飞越木星的轨道，该理论去年引起了国际关注。)”等内容可知，本文主要讲述科学家Avi Loeb和其他科学家对“Oumuamua”的不同理解，辩论是否是外星飞船临近地球。选项A“外星人乘坐宇宙飞船来过吗？”突出科学家们的辩论主题，引人注意，适合做标题。故选A项。
（2022·黑龙江）I was with my mom one day as we took a walk while window shopping. We both knew we wouldn't be buying much. I remember I was looking up at the people we passed as we walked. Ladies wore 5-inch heels and bright clothes. Men wore expensive perfumes and creams that wiped away the wrinkles on their faces. An uneasy feeling started to settle in my chest. I could deny it no longer and I was ashamed of my mom.
We were in a high-class neighborhood. We lived in a small, expensive apartment building at the edge of our county. Mom chose to move there because she knew the schools were good. I realized for the first time that we didn't belong there.
I could see the heavy lines around my mom's eyes and mouth. She wore cheap clothes and worm-out shoes. Her eyes were tired from working long hours to make ends meet, and her hair was too gray for her age. She was nothing extraordinary, yet at that moment, she stood out because she was just so plain. I didn't want to be seen with her although there was no one important around to see me anyway. I felt embarrassed about being at her side. We were standing in the middle of a high-end store, and she was holding a sweater.
Mom said, “Anna, this will look good on you. Do you want it?” It Was much too expensive, but I almost thoughtlessly answered “Yes”. Then I took a closer look at the small, tired woman with a big smile and a sweater in her hands, happy to be giving me something so nice. My words died in my throat. Her clothes were worn and old because she spent her money buying me new ones. She looked so tired because she was busy working to provide for me. She didn't wear jewelry or perfumes because she was content with spending what little money she had on me. Suddenly, my mom was beautiful and extraordinarily wonderful in my eyes. I was no longer ashamed of her, but of myself.
“Do you want it?” Mom repeated.
“No, thanks,” I replied.
24．Why did the author describe the passers-by while window-shopping?
A．To stress her mother was plain.
B．To show she envied rich people.
C．To suggest she was curious about others.
D．To indicate she was in an expensive neighborhood.
25．What most likely made the author feel uneasy?
A．Studying at a top school. B．Going window-shopping.
C．Being seen with her mom. D．Living in a small apartment.
26．What did the author mean by “My words died in my throat” in Paragraph 4?
A．She was afraid of being blamed by her mom.
B．She was too excited to say anything about the sweater.
C．She felt her mom was so ordinary that she stopped speaking.
D．She failed to speak after realizing her mom's great sacrifices.
27．What can be the best title for the passage?
A．Misunderstanding Mom B．Refusing Mom's Kindness
C．Feeling Ashamed of Mom D．Going Shopping with Mom
24．A
25．C
26．D
27．A
【解析】
【分析】
这是一篇记叙文。作者和母亲在一个高档小区，在一次逛街时，因母亲的平凡让作者感到羞愧，而后发生的事情使作者意识到母亲一切都是为了孩子，原来都是对母亲的误解。作者感到不再为母亲感到羞耻，而是为自己感到羞耻。
24．
推理判断题。根据第一段中“Ladies wore 5-inch heels and bright clothes. Men wore expensive perfumes and creams that wiped away the wrinkles on their faces. An uneasy feeling started to settle in my chest. I could deny it no longer and I was ashamed of my mom.(女士们穿着5英寸高的高跟鞋和鲜艳的衣服。男人们用昂贵的香水和面霜来抹去脸上的皱纹。一种不舒服的感觉开始在我的胸膛里安定下来。我不能再否认了，我为我妈妈感到羞耻)”以及第三段中对妈妈的描述可知，作者描写逛街时要描写路人是要将母亲和穿着光鲜的人对比，而强调母亲的普通和平凡。故选A项。
25．
推理判断题。根据第三段中“She was nothing extraordinary, yet at that moment, she stood out because she was just so plain. I didn't want to be seen with her although there was no one important around to see me anyway.(她没有什么特别的，在那一刻，她的与众不同凸显是因为她是如此平凡。我不想让人看到我和她在一起，尽管周围也没有重要的人来看我)”可以推知，最有可能让作者感到不安的是作者被看见和平凡的妈妈在一起。故选C项。
26．
词句猜测题。根据第四段中划线句子后文“Her clothes were worn and old because she spent her money buying me new ones. She looked so tired because she was busy working to provide for me. She didn't wear jewelry or perfumes because she was content with spending what little money she had on me.(她的衣服又旧又破，因为她花钱给我买了新的。她看起来很累，因为她忙着工作来养活我。她不戴首饰，也不抹香水，因为她满足于把自己仅有的一点钱花在我身上)”可知，作者之前嫌弃母亲的穿着如此平凡，现在看到母亲一切为了自己，因此感到非常羞愧，从而推知划线词句“My words died in my throat”应是描写作者的羞愧心情。选项D“她意识到母亲的巨大牺牲后，竟说不出话来”最符合语境。故选D项。
27．
主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其根据第四段中“I was no longer ashamed of her, but of myself. (我不再为她感到羞耻，而是为我自己感到羞耻)”可知，作者一开始对母亲的平凡普通而感到羞愧，大街上以及高档社区的人们，无论男女都穿着如此光鲜亮丽。后来发现原来母亲都是想把最好的留给自己，自己一直以来都在“误解”母亲。从此可以看出全文围绕主题“误解”展开叙述。选项A“对妈妈的误解”言简意赅，突出主题，适合做标题。故选A.
（2021·北京延庆）What role might arts play in response to climate change and related economic and ecological crises?
It’s often said that a novel, a painting, a song or a motion picture changed how a lot of people thought or felt about the world. Anthropologists (人类学家) and historians rightly argue that major changes in society have sprung up not from the arts, but from-our relationship to our environment. Nevertheless, artists’ efforts help shape the terms by which society adapts to such changes and their consequences. Think of how Beethoven marked the beginnings of modern democracy and the nascent (初期的) Industrial Revolution. Or how Hollywood writers and directors inspired massive support for the U.S. war effort during the early 1940s.
We have stepped into a century in which the societal systems have been built since the start of the Industrial Revolution. Our food system，transport system，energy system，financial system，and possibly our political and governance systems were designed during an era in which fossil fuels met the great quantity of our fast-growing energy demand. But fossil fuels are exhaustible resources, and their reduction will drive evermore desperate methods of extraction (提炼), create evermore environmental risk and require evermore capital-even as alternative energy sources they are also costly. Further, burning fossil fuels changes our planet’s climate. So, at the same time our economy will need to be redesigned to run on entirely different energy sources, and the natural world will be shifting around us in unprecedented (空前的) ways, with more frequent disastrous storms，floods，droughts etc.
Everything will be up for negotiation, redesign and change. And artists have the opportunity and duty to translate the resulting tumultuous (动荡的) human experience into words, images，and music that help people not just to understand these events mentally, but also to come to grips with them willingly. The economic and environmental shifts described above are currently being detailed in ever-greater specificity in hundreds of reports released yearly by climate and energy experts. What’s missing in their carefully worded journal articles is the human dimensions of imagination, joy or sorrow, inspiration, and passion. Art can help us cope with the possible effects of our collective challenges. It can help prepare society for a possibly painful future. It can give voice to suffering and loss, helping people deal with life’s unavoidable stress. And it can also offer beauty, which can be especially important in hard times.
Meaningful art can and must express the chaos we encounter and help us process it mentally and emotionally. To achieve this, artists need to dig deeper, observe more closely and help their audiences connect abstract explanations and forecasts with actual experiences.
28．The author mentions Beethoven to suggest that__________.
A．musicians can easily adapt to changes in society
B．music can control the social change of the world
C．anthropologists are right about major changes in society
D．art serves as a bridge for people to understand the world
29．What do the underlined words “come to grips with” in Paragraph 4 probably mean?
A．start to create B．begin to deal with
C．try to record D．take an interest in
30．According to the author, the artists __________ .
A．are expected to show human experience in works
B．deal with the unpleasant events willingly
C．help people forecast painful future
D．are the voice of suffering and loss
31．Which of the following would be the best title for the passage?
A．Art in Greater Need during Climate Change
B．The Relationship Between Society and Art
C．The Climate Clues Hidden in At History
D．The Best Ways to Change the World
28．D
29．B
30．A
31．A
【解析】
【分析】
这是一篇议论文。文章主要讨论了艺术在应对气候变化以及相关的经济危机和生态危机方面可以发挥什么作用。
28．
细节理解题。从题干关键词“Beethoven”，可以定位到文章第一段，根据第一段的第二至第四句可知，人类学家和历史学家认为，社会的重大变化不是从艺术中产生的，而是从我们与环境的关系中产生的。然而，艺术家的努力，帮助我们塑造了社会适应这些变化及其后果的条件。想想贝多芬是如何标志着现代民主和初期工业革命的开始。因此可推断，作者提到贝多芬是想说明，艺术可以帮助人们更好的理解和认识世界。选项D意为“艺术是人们认识世界的桥梁”，与作者观点相符。故选D项。
29．
词句猜测题。选项含义：A. 开始创造；B. 开始处理；C. 试图记录；D. 对……感兴趣；根据划线单词“come to grips with”所在句 “And artists have the opportunity and duty to translate the resulting tumultuous（动荡的）human experience into words, images，and music that help people not just to understand these events mentally, but also to come to grips with them willingly.(艺术家有机会也有义务把由此产生的混乱的人类经历转化成文字、图像和音乐，不仅有助于人们从心理上理解这些事件，而且有助于人们心甘情愿地处理这些事件)”可知，此处意为“处理”。故选B项。
30．
观点态度题。根据第四段第二句“And artists have the opportunity and duty to translate the resulting tumultuous(动荡的)human experience into words, images，and music(艺术家有机会也有义务把由此产生的混乱的人类经历转化成文字、图像和音乐)”，以及作者在此处的用词“duty”可知，作者认为艺术家应该在作品中展示人类的经历。选项A “artists are expected to show human experience in works(艺术家被期望在作品中展示人类的经历)”，与作者的观点相符。故选A项。
31．
主旨大意题。根据文章第一段可知，本文要讨论艺术在应对气候变化和相关经济和生态危机方面可能发挥什么作用。根据最后一段可知，有意义的艺术可以而且必须表达我们遇到的混乱，并帮助我们在心理和情感上处理它。要做到这一点，艺术家需要更深入地挖掘，更密切地观察，帮助观众将抽象的解释和预测与实际经验联系起来。也就是说，作者认为，艺术可以帮助人们更好的理解和应对较大的社会变化以及社会混乱。选项A “Art in Greater Need during Climate Change(气候变化期间更需要艺术)”中，“climate change”属于较大的变化，需要艺术帮助人们更好的理解和应对，与作者在文中的观点一致。选项B“The Relationship Between Society and Art(社会和艺术的关系)”，在原文中并没有提到社会与艺术的关系，而是侧重于讲艺术的作用。选项C“The Climate Clues Hidden in Art History(藏在艺术史中的气候线索)”，在原文中没有提到。选项D“The Best Ways to Change the World(改变世界的最佳方式)”， 在原文中没有提到。故选A项。
【点睛】
做阅读理解题时，在文中出现大写字母的地方，通常是人名，地名，机构名等，以及文中出现引号，或者出现数字的地方，都是细节理解题比较容易设问的点，所以在阅读时，遇到有上述特征的文段，可以多加留意，或者提前标注，以便于在答题时可以快速定位，提升答题效率，比如文中第1小题的“Beethoven”。
第三部分 Reading
I 阅读理解
Be down-to-earth. 脚踏实地
Preview
Exercises 1
Passage 1
（2022·湖北）It was one of the hottest days of the dry season. We had not seen rain in almost a month. The crops were dying. Cows had stopped giving milk. The streams were long gone back into the earth. If we didn’t see some rain soon we would lose everything.
I was in the kitchen making lunch for my husband and his brothers when I saw my six-yearold son, Billy, walking toward the woods. He was obviously walking with a great effort, trying to be as still as possible. Minutes after he disappeared into the woods, he came running out again, toward the house.
Moments later, however, he was once again walking in that slow purposeful long step toward the woods. This activity went on for over an hour: walking cautiously to the woods, then running back to the house. Finally, my curiosity got the best of me. I rushed out of the house and followed him on his journey.
He was cupping both hands in front of him as he walked, being very careful not to spill the water he held in them. Branches hit his little face but he did not try to avoid them. He had a much greater purpose. As I leaned in to spy on him, I saw the most amazing site.
Several large deer appeared threatening in front of him. But Billy walked right up to them. I almost screamed for him to get away. And I saw a baby deer lying on the ground, obviously suffering from heavy loss of water and heat exhaustion, and lift its head with great effort to accept the water cupped in my beautiful boy’s hands.
I stood on the edge of the woods watching the most beautiful heart I have ever known working so hard to save a life. As the tears that rolled down my face began to hit the ground, they were suddenly joined by other drops. . . and more drops. . . and more. I looked up at the sky. It was as if God, himself, was weeping with pride.
1．Why did the author follow her son?
A．Because she was very curious. B．Because her son was doing a good deed.
C．Because there might be danger. D．Because she also intended to help them.
2．Which of the following statements is NOT true according to the text?
A．Rain was in desperate need at that time. B．Billy carried water with his small hands.
C．There were few trees in the woods. D．Billy walked into the woods again and again.
3．What quality did Billy mainly show in this story?
A．Enthusiasm. B．Care. C．Curiosity. D．Shyness .
4．What does the author mean by the underlined sentence?
A．She was moved to tears. B．She was sad about the deer.
C．God rewarded us with rainfall. D．God was crying.
1．A
2．C
3．B
4．C
【解析】
【导语】
本文是一篇记叙文。文章叙述了由于一个多月没有下雨了，眼看就要颗粒无收，这时作者看见自己的儿子多次向森林跑去很好奇，于是有一次就悄悄地跟去，发现儿子小心翼翼地端着水在拯救快要渴死的小鹿，作者很是感动，这种行为可能感动了上帝，天开始下雨。
1．
细节理解题。根据第三段“Finally, my curiosity got the best of me. I rushed out of the house and followed him on his journey.(最后，我的好奇心占了上风。我冲出房子，跟着他上路了)”可知，作者是出于好奇才跟着儿子的。故选A。
2．
细节理解题。根据第一段“We had not seen rain in almost a month.(我们几乎有一个月没下雨了)”可知，急需雨水；第二段的“Minutes after he disappeared into the woods, he came running out again, toward the house.(他消失在树林里几分钟后，又跑了出来，朝房子的方向跑去)”和第三段的“Moments later, however, he was once again walking in that slow purposeful long step toward the woods.(然而，过了一会儿，他又迈着那缓慢而坚定的步子向树林走去)”可知，他在屋子和树林里之间来回穿梭；第四段的“He was cupping both hands in front of him as he walked(他走路时双手捧在身前)”可知，他用双手捧着水，ABD三项都正确。C项“树林里几乎没有树”陈述错误。故选C。
3．
推理判断题。根据第五段的“Several large deer appeared threatening in front of him. But Billy walked right up to them.(几只大鹿出现在他面前，气势汹汹。但是比利径直走向它们)”和最后一段的“I stood on the edge of the woods watching the most beautiful heart I have ever known working so hard to save a life.(我站在树林的边缘，看着我所见过的最美丽的心，如此努力地拯救一条生命)”可知，比利很关心那只小鹿，比利在这个故事中表现出的主要品质是关爱。故选B。
4．
词句猜测题。由最后一段的“As the tears that rolled down my face began to hit the ground, they were suddenly joined by other drops. . . and more drops. . . and more. I looked up at the sky.(当泪水从我的脸上滚落下来的时候，突然又有其他的水滴加入进来……还有更多的水滴……和更多。我抬头看了看天空)”可知，应该是下雨了，所以划线句的意思是“上帝赐给我们降雨”。故选C。
Exercises 2
Passage 2
（2022·河南）The American state of Wyoming has created an app to help citizens collect animals killed in road accidents. The tool permits people to legally(合法地) use the animals, known as roadkill, for food. The program also aims to collect data to help officials decide on measures to improve road safety.
State wildlife and highway officials added the system to a state-operated app that provides information on road conditions and traffic. Users can record sightings of roadkill accidents and seek permission to remove the animals within the state's rules and guidelines. Wyoming describes “road killed wildlife” as any deer, antelope, elk, moose, wild bison or wild turkey that was killed in an accidental vehicle crash.
State rules require the full animal remains to be collected. For safety reasons, roadkill may not be picked up after dark, along interstate highways or in areas where road repairs are happening. The app provides state officials with data on the number of roadkill accidents and where the crashes happen. This helps wildlife and transportation officials decide where to put up warning signs for animal crossings.
Jaden Bales is a spokesperson for the Wyoming Wildlife Federation. He was recently told that a deer had been killed on a road not far from his home in the town of Lander. He used the app to report and collect the deer. He then processed the animal's remains for food.
Bales said some people might think it is acceptable to leave roadkill where it is so that the “circle of life” can be completed. In this way, other creatures show up to feed on the dead animals. But this, he added, presents big risks to the other animals. It is really dangerous for any of the creatures that come and try to eat roadkill.
5．What do government officials intend to do with the app?
A．Explore places where wild animals live. B．Find out why animals cross the road.
C．Discover what animals cross the road. D．Find ways to protect animals on the road.
6．What’s Bales’ attitude towards the use of roadkill?
A．Uncaring. B．Supportive. C．Doubtful. D．Unclear.
7．What is one benefit of picking up roadkill from the road?
A．Making up for the lack of meat as food. B．Curing wild animals of their injuries.
C．Preventing more wild animals being killed. D．Protecting the circle of life.
8．Which of the following can be the best title for the text?
A．App Helps People Collect Animals Killed on Roads
B．People Legally Pick Up Roadkill Animals on Roads
C．App Is Created for Drivers to Use to Save Animals
D．State Takes Action to Remove Animals on Roads
5．D
6．B
7．C
8．A
【解析】
【导语】
本文是一篇说明文。美国怀俄明州开发了一款应用程序，帮助市民收集死于交通事故的动物。该程序允许人们合法地使用这些被车撞死的动物为食物。该项目还旨在收集数据，以帮助官方决定改善道路安全的措施。
5．
细节理解题。根据第三段的 “This helps wildlife and transportation officials decide where to put up warning signs for animal crossings.(这有助于野生动物和运输官员决定在哪里为动物过境设立警告标志。)”可知，政府官员打算用这款应用想办法保护路上的动物。故选D。
6．
推理判断题。根据第四段“He was recently told that a deer had been killed on a road not far from his home in the town of Lander. He used the app to report and collect the deer. He then processed the animal's remains for food.(他最近被告知，一只鹿在离他在兰德镇的家不远的路上被杀死了。他使用该应用程序报告并收集鹿。然后，他处理动物的遗体作为食物。)”以及最后一段“But this, he added, presents big risks to the other animals. It is really dangerous for any of the creatures that come and try to eat roadkill.(但他补充说，这给其他动物带来了很大的风险。对任何来吃被车撞死动物的动物来说，这都是非常危险的。)可推断，他支持人们合法地处理死去的动物。故选B。
7．
细节理解题。根据最后一段的“It is really dangerous for any of the creatures that come and try to eat roadkill.( 对任何来吃被车撞死动物的动物来说，这都是非常危险的。)”可知，捡走被撞死的动物会防止更多的野生动物被杀害。故选C。
8．
主旨大意题。通读全文并根据第一段的“The American state of Wyoming has created an app to help citizens collect animals killed in road accidents. (美国怀俄明州开发了一款应用程序，帮助市民收集死于交通事故的动物。)”及全文可知，文章讨论的话题是美国怀俄明州开发了一款应用程序，帮助市民收集死于交通事故的动物。所以“App Helps People Collect Animals Killed on Roads(帮助人们收集死于道路上的动物的应用程序)”作为文章标题最为合适。故选A。
Exercises 2
Passage 3
（2022·河南）Four novels recommended to readers
Come Back for Me by Sharon Hart-Green
Loss, sufferings, memory, and, above all, the ties of family and being Jewish are the factors that weave (编织) together this whole story. Come Back for Me travels through time and place only to bring us, eventually, to the connections between generations. The main character is a young war survivor whose effort to find his sister takes him to post-war Israel.
The Book Thief by Markus Zusak
It is 1939, Nazi Germany. The country is holding its breath. Death has never been busier, and will become busier still.
Liesel Meminger is a little girl living outside of Munich, who tries to keep body and soul together by stealing when she meets with something she can’t resist (抵挡)-books. With the help of her father, she learns to read and shares her stolen books with her neighbors during bombing (炸弹) attacks as well as with the Jewish man hidden in her basement.
Red Shoes for Rachel: Three Novellas by Boris Sandler
Rachel, a daughter of Holocaust survivors raised in Brighton Beach, meets with a Moldovan Jewish woman as she is tending to her disabled, elderly mother along the Coney Island boardwalk. As the two begin a relationship, the story exposes (揭示) their past and the common points between the two children of Holocaust survivors raised in very different societies.
Shidduchcrisis: Short Stories by Penina Shtauber
Like any world, it has its stereotypes (刻板印象). We’ve got the mean guy and the shallow girl, the too-religious, the not-religious-enough and everyone in between, those who are in it because they want to and those who are in it because their moms made them.
And mostly we’ve got the pressure, pressure on all ends.
Basically, it’s a lot of fun, a lot of tears, a lot of arguments and some love.
9．What is the main storyline of the book Come Back for Me?
A．The long road back home. B．Sufferings brought by war.
C．The search for a family member. D．Relationships between humans.
10．What is the background of the book The Book Thief?
A．War. B．City life. C．Family. D．School.
11．Which book describes the memories of childhood?
A．The Book Thief. B．Come Back for Me.
C．Shidduchcrisis: Short Stories. D．Red Shoes for Rachel: Three Novellas.
9．C
10．A
11．D
【解析】
【导语】
本文是一篇应用文。文章介绍了四本值得推荐给读者的小说。
9．
细节理解题。根据第一本书介绍中的“The main character is a young war survivor whose effort to find his sister takes him to post-war Israel.(主角是一个年轻的战争幸存者，为了找到他的妹妹，他来到了战后的以色列。)”可知，Come Back for Me的主要情节是寻找家人。故选C。
10．
细节理解题。根据第二本书介绍中的最后一句“With the help of her father, she learns to read and shares her stolen books with her neighbors during bombing (炸弹) attacks as well as with the Jewish man hidden in her basement.(在父亲的帮助下，她学会了阅读，并在炸弹袭击时把偷来的书分享给邻居，以及藏在地下室的犹太男子。)”可知，The Book Thief这本书的背景是战争。故选A。
11．
细节理解题。根据第三本书介绍的最后一句“As the two begin a relationship, the story exposes (揭示) their past and the common points between the two children of Holocaust survivors raised in very different societies.(随着两人开始交往，故事揭示了他们的过去，以及两个在截然不同的社会中长大的大屠杀幸存者的孩子之间的共同点。)”可知，Red Shoes for Rachel: Three Novellas这本书描述了悲伤的童年回忆。故选D。
Exercises 4
Passage 4
（2022·山东）Whether your friends live a long way away or you’re just not able to hang out in person right now, it can be difficult to come up with fun things to do together. Here are some ideas for online fun with friends.
Collaborate (合作) on a project.
___12___ You might have a good time exercising your creativity together. Some things you can do as a group include; Brainstorming ideas or writing together in a cloud-based application.
Listen to music.
Music is a great way to bond with friends, whether you all like the same bands or want to share new songs with each other. ___13___ If you and your friends all have Spotify Premiurn, use Group Sessions on your phone’s to listen together.
Read together.
Book clubs are classic. You and your friends can pick a new book for everyone, or make recommendations for each other. Whether you read the books on a call together, or on your own time, it’ll give you a new piece of literature to discuss together. ___14___ You may be able to get access to free eBooks through a library’s website or app.
Do group workouts.
Even if it's okay to go to the gym, sometimes the weather or traffic doesn’t allow it, ___15___ You can also try yoga or meditation (冥想) sessions together too, as a less-intense choice.
Learn or practice skills together.
Building a skill with friends might appeal to you. If one of your friends has a hobby that you’d like to pick up, or vice versa, you can try mentoring each other online. ___16___
A．There are also online tours of famous landmarks.
B．The simplest way is to send the songs to each other.
C．Creating something together can be a fun experience.
D．Don’t panic if you don’t have the money for new books.
E．You can also practice that you’re both learning together.
F．The health benefits of working out in the gym are countless.
G．You and your friends can schedule a time to work out together.
12．C
13．B
14．D
15．G
16．E
【解析】
【分析】
本文是一篇应用文。文章推荐了与朋友进行在线娱乐的办法。
12．
C项“Creating something together can be a fun experience.(一起创造一些东西可能是一种有趣的体验)”中的“Creating something together”呼应本段小标题“Collaborate (合作) on a project.”中的“Collaborate (合作)”，“a fun experience”又与后一句中的“have a good time”呼应。故选C。
13．
B项“The simplest way is to send the songs to each other.(最简单的方法是互相发送歌曲)”承接了前文的“want to share new songs with each other(想要彼此分享新歌)”。故选B。
14．
根据后文“You may be able to get access to free eBooks through a library’s website or app.(你可以通过图书馆的网站或应用程序获得免费电子书)”的句意可知，这句是对D项“Don’t panic if you don’t have the money for new books.(如果你没有钱买新书，不要惊慌)”的承接。故选D。
15．
G项“You and your friends can schedule a time to work out together.(你和你的朋友可以安排一个时间一起锻炼)”中的“work out together”呼应了本段小标题“Do group workouts.(集体锻炼)”。故选G。
16．
E项“You can also practice that you’re both learning together.(你们也可以练习一起学习)”中的“practice”及“learning together”呼应了本段小标题“Learn or practice skills together.(一起学习或练习技能)”。故选E。
Knowledge
Tip 1
新高一学生现状
1. 词汇量问题
初中词汇量要求为1500个，但高中词汇量要求则有3000个。故而英语单词词汇量是进入高中学习后的一大难题，而词汇量的多少也直接决定了阅读文章是否能看懂的情况，虽然英语学习可以通过语法弥补部分理解上的缺陷，但是对于现行教育模式，能够学懂语法并加以利用的学生少之又少，故而词汇量是决定文章是否理解的直接原因。
2. 阅读习惯问题
语言的学习需要一个良好的阅读习惯，这种阅读习惯来源于自己母语的深层次训练。也就是语文的阅读习惯，语文阅读过程中本身要求对文章有一个篇章结构的认识，但是很多学生不会将语文阅读习惯照搬到英语阅读过程中，因而在遇到高中的大篇幅文章时会出现摸不清思路，找不准方向的问题。
3. 逻辑思维问题
英语虽是语言，但属于西方语系。一种语言它所代表的是这个语系下的历史文化，西方人的历史文化重理性思维，故而逻辑性严密，但我们汉语的语系逻辑性不严密，因此很多学生在英语学习过程中会将中文的思维方式运用到英语中，故而经常出现过分概括、无据推断、因果关系错误或前后矛盾等逻辑推理错误。
4. 阅读面问题
初中英语重在语法，故而对文章的阅读和西方文化的讲解方面有所欠缺，因此学生的阅读量就完全基于学生自己。虽然很多地区以做题的方式想法设法帮助学生扩展阅读面，但是学生因没有养成通过阅读文章拓展知识面的习惯，故而在学生眼中做阅读题就是单纯的做阅读题。从而，直接导致了进入高中的心声阅读数量不足、阅读质量不高的问题。
Tip 2
新高一阅读基本题型及特征
1. 主旨大意题：考察学生对文章的概括能力
2. 细节理解题：考察学生对文章某一细节的理解能力
3. 推理判断题：考察学生对文章已有事实的推断能力
4. 词义猜测题：考察学生对文章上下文的综合理解和推导能力
Tip 3
新高一学生阅读训练建议
1. 提高词汇量
词汇量是学生提高英语阅读能力的基础。以前初中英语背单词过程中，就平均情况而言，学生对词汇基本上只是了解一个单词的前一两个含义，而对于单词的词性，基本上都属于现场推断，没有系统的记忆，此外，对于单词的构成也没有系统的掌握。因而，在高中阶段，学生在掌握单词基本的音、形、义的基础上，还要了解它的词性、在句中的各种灵活用法以及一词多义等现象。从数量上讲，学生除了要掌握课本要求的词性，还要通过学习构词法来扩大词汇量，如care, careful, carefully, careless, carelessly, cared, caring等。此外，除了课本上常见的单词外，学生还要通过拓展阅读量来提高自己单词的宽度，要能广泛阅读各种类型各种体裁的文章，积累不同场景的单词。
2. 培养阅读习惯
一个好的阅读习惯可以帮助一个学生快速的掌握一篇文章的中心思想，并且同时不会丢失太多的文章细节。英语作为一门外来语言，很容易让学习者陷入我一定要把整篇文章都读懂的心理。但，阅读文章分为精读和泛读，学生阅读时要注重文章大意，不深究细节，更不要在只言片语上长时间滞留，要调动以往的知识与经验去领悟作者的意图，掌握中心思想和组织结构。为了提高阅读能力，学生应以不同文意为主体，而不是以单词或短语为主体，要根据文意，适当的勾画，将不同的信息分隔开，从而做到快速将不同内容的信息进行分类。
3. 扩展阅读面
扩展阅读面的第一步是将课本文章都做到熟读、精读和背诵。第二步，学会做好对完形填空、阅读理解、听力原文以及书面表达材料的有效利用。第三步，还可以从网上下载一些美文或者具有时代性的材料，包括新闻、小说、诗歌、散文等文章，也可以从报刊上选取。现如今，学校大多会订阅英语报或英语周刊，学生可以多从当中选取文章来熟读、精读，从而有助于语言知识运用和阅读理解、分析能力的提高。
Difficulty
Tip 1
细节理解题解题技巧
1. 细节理解题常见提问方式：
①Which of the following is true/false?
②Which of the following is not mentioned in the passage?
③All of the followings are true except/beside ______?
④The author/passage states that ________?
⑤According to the passage, ________?
⑥In paragraph … , ________?
2. 细节理解题的考察方向
（1）可在原文直接找到答案：一般来说会在设问中出现大量细节
（2）需要对文章或题目含义进行转义：通常出现在选项较为复杂的情况中
（3）对文章顺序进行排序：通常选项会有4—5个单句进行排序
（4）需要对文章数据进行计算：注意这类题有一定的思维能力
（5）需要对图形信心进行推理：注意图片中隐含的信息
（6）判断文章内容的对错：这类题要么选有的，要么选没有的，要能区分提问方式
3. 细节理解题的解题思路
（1）细节理解题的设题策略
①文章列举信息的地方通常为考察点，如出现first，second，in addition，all in all，in general等表示列举或总结的词；
②文章举例与打比方的地方通常为考察点，如出现for example，for instance，as，such as等能引出举例的词或短语；
③文章指示代词出现的地方通常为考察点；
④文章引用人物语言的地方通常为考察点，如出现人名，或者带有引号的句子等；
⑤文昌出现特殊标点符号的地方通常为考察点，如出现冒号、破折号、分好等。
（2）细节理解题的选项思路
选项出现多词或少词的情况，英语句子的核心在于被修饰对象，而往往考试就在于对被修饰对象范围的扩大和缩小上。
（3）细节理解题的做题思路
在阅读题干过程中，按照如下顺序依次寻找关键信息：大写开头的单词、表示时间地点方式原因等的状语或者由介词引出的状语、各种从句、特殊疑问词、主谓宾。找到对应信息后一定要在文章中适当的勾画，防止被选项误导进入误区。
Tip 2
推理判断题解题技巧
1. 推理判断题常见提问方式：
①We can conclude that ________.
②We may infer that ________.
③The author suggests that ________.
④The story/passage implies that ________.
⑤What the author really means is ________.
⑥It can be inferred from the passage that ________.
⑦According to the passage/paragraph …, you can see ________.
⑧It can be seen from the passage/paragraph… that _______.
⑨The passage suggests that ________.
总而言之，重点关注这几个词即可：infer，imply，suggest，indicate，conclude等
2. 推理判断题的考察方向
（1）根据已有事实进行合理的事实推断
（2）根据已有信息进行作者态度或语气的推断
（3）考察在文章基础上的合理后续，绝不是单纯的文章含义考察
（4）需要学生具备一定的总结概括和推导能力
3. 细节理解题的解题思路
（1）推理判断题的选项思路
①不会出现太过于绝对和唯一的词，如must，mustn’t，always，never，only等
②内容多涉及总结概括，少细节描述，细节描述多为迷惑选项
③内容与文章信息息息相关，绝不是凭空想象
④内容是在文章已有信息基础上的合理推断，绝非原文内容的照搬
（2）推理判断题的做题思路
重点注意一个中心两个基本点：
①一个中心：以文章“认为”为中心，不要以自己“认为”为中心
②两个基本点：以文章事实为推断的基本出发点；
以关键信息前修饰词为推断的基本出发点。
Tip 3
词义猜测解题技巧
1. 词义猜测题常见提问方式：
①The phrase/word “…” in Paragraph… could be replaced by ________.
②The word “…” in Paragraph… refers to ________.
③What is the meaning of the underlined word “…” in Paragraph…?
④What does the underlined word “…” mean?
⑤Which of the following is the closest in meaning to the phrase “…”?
⑥The word “…” most probably means _______?
2. 词义猜测题的解题思路
词义猜测题的选项和解题思路
①四个选项皆为单词。此时，首先要关注情感色彩，英语中的形动副是具备情感色彩的，可先简单划分积极、消极、无感情三类，再根据文章前后分类判断；其次要关注构词法，如常见的否定前缀dis-，un-等，如常见的否定后缀-less等；最后要关注词根，有些单词有自己认识的部分，可以根据已有部分进行合理的含义推断。
②四个选项皆为句子。此时，要重点注意同义替换。
③四个选项皆为名词或代词。此时，一般提问的对象是名词或代词，一定要由近至远，逐句推断。
Tip 4
主旨大意题解题技巧
1. 主旨大意题常见提问方式：
①The main idea of the passage/text is ________.
②The text/passage is mainly about ________.
③What does the passage mainly discuss?
④Which of the following best expresses the main idea?
⑤The main point of the passage is ________.
⑥The best headline for this newspaper article would be ________.
⑦Which of the following is the best title to be given to the article?
⑧What is the topic of the text?
⑨The main purpose of the story is to tell us ________.
2. 主旨大意题的解题思路
主旨大意题的做题思路
①找到主题句：一般首段出现疑问句，都是作者在自问自答，故而回答就是主题句；
如果首段出现作者的例证或者假设，之后的句子也是文章的主题句；
若出现but，however，instead等表示转折的词，其后一般会出现主题句；
若反复出现重复的观点或信息，通常就是主题信息。
②找文章结构：语文中所学到的文章结构通常适用于英语文章：总分总；总分；分总
③将每段首尾句串起来通常也是文章的主题含义。
Practice
（2022·江苏）What is talent? Are you born with it? Or does it seem to develop over time? Before I start, I’d like to say that one thing everyone agrees on is that the most skilled musicians have worked hard to get there.
While it’s true that a few of us had enough “talent” to avoid extra practice to do just as well as those who did, those who worked hard easily beat us. It is, in fact, very likely that if some of us “talented ones” had actually been practicing and improving our skill, we would have achieved a whole different level.
Another aspect of talent seems to be heart and passion (酷爱). The people I see who are the most talented musicians are crazy about music. They eat, breathe, and live music and they make an extraordinary effort to make it part of their lives. As Remus Badea said, desire for the musician-to-be is significant for them to be successful. This desire is easily found in those considered to be talented. When you want and love something so bad, it drives you and your entire character can be shaped around it. Such determined passion seems to produce incredible skill and talent.
The third aspect (方面) of talent is having talent around you. When surrounded by talented musicians, it only seems natural that you start to catch up to their level Take a look at almost any group of musicians in history. The more talented people in the group the more talented the group is as a whole. A great example of this is the relationship between audio producer and artist. The artist turns up to the studio with their song, and as they work through recording it, the audio producer will often suggest various changes to the song to make it better.
1．What can we learn from Paragraph 2?
A．Pride goes before a fall.
B．It’s never too old to learn.
C．Practice contributes to talent.
D．Talent determines achievements.
2．What is the key to success according to Remus Badea?
A．Passion. B．Character . C．Skill. D．Talent.
3．Why is the example mentioned in the last paragraph?
A．To introduce what real talents are.
B．To explain how a song is composed.
C．To prove talents need team spirit.
D．To show the benefits of being with talents.
4．What might the author probably agree with?
A．Music has no limits.
B．Musicians are born with talent.
C．Music favors the talented.
D．Musicians are created, not born.
1．C
2．A
3．D
4．D
【解析】
【分析】
本文是一篇议论文。文章阐述了作者关于“天赋”的观点，认为天赋并不是天生的，而是可以通过练习与提能、热情与激情、伴随天才左右三个方面来创造出“天赋”。
1．
细节理解题。根据第二段中的“It is, in fact, very likely that if some of us “talented ones” had actually been practicing and improving our skill, we would have achieved a whole different level.”（事实上，如果我们中的一些“有才华的人”实际上一直在练习和提高我们的技能，我们很可能已经达到了一个完全不同的水平。）可知，练习有助于天赋才能。故选C项。
2．
细节理解题。根据第三段中的“As Remus Badea said, desire for the musician-to-be is significant for them to be successful.”（正如Remus Badea所说，对未来音乐家的渴望对他们的成功具有重要意义。）可知，渴望（即热情）是很重要的。故选A项。
3．
推理判断题。最后一段提到音频制作人和艺术家的关系是为了验证作者关于天赋的第三个观点，即前面提到的“having talent around you”和“The more talented people in the group, the more talented the group is as a whole”，进一步展示了和有才能的人在一起的好处(即自己也会变得更好)。故选D项。
4．
推理判断题。根据第一段中的“Before I start, I’d like to say that one thing everyone agrees on is that the most skilled musicians have worked hard to get there.”（在我开始之前，我想说的是每个人都同意的一件事是，最熟练的音乐家已经努力工作到达那里。）可推知，作者赞同音乐家是通过努力创造出来的，而不是天生的，故选D项。
（2022·广东）Buying clothes for a special event, hiding the price tickets and returning them to the store the next day has for years been the method of economical shoppers. Today people are doing it just for social media.
A survey conducted by the credit card company Barclaycard revealed that nearly one in ten UK shoppers admits to buying clothing only to post photos on social media for likes. After the “outfit (装束) of the day” makes it online, they return it to the store. According to Barclaycard, the “try before you buy” policy of online retailers (零售商) where people pay for clothing they order online after they try it on at home could be contributing to this rising trend.
But the rise of social media has meant that everyone, not just superstars, expects to build and maintain a personal brand. Since we’re documenting our lives and posting them online for public judgment, getting caught in the same outfits more than once should be avoided. And the cost of all those outfits of the day adds up, which makes returning a popular way.
There are brands that tailor clothes specifically for social media shoppers, like Fashion Nova. “These are clothes made for social media: meant to be worn once, photographed and abandoned,” Allison P. Davis wrote in her report about the brand. Another favorite of the social media age is Rent the Runway, which lets customers rent designer clothing for a fee.
Some, however, are moving in the opposite direction. Groups promoting “work uniforms” have increased greatly in recent years, aiming to free women from “the annoyance of clothing decisions”. The concept of the “capsule wardrobe” (胶囊衣柜), which calls for purchasing a small number of high-quality pieces instead of lots of trendy throwaway clothes, is also making a comeback.
5．What does the survey by Barclaycard indicate?
A．Some Britons send outfits back after shoots.
B．Britons try on clothes before online purchases.
C．Britons follow the fashion stars closely.
D．Some Britons over-order and return clothes.
6．What’s Fashion Nova’s special service?
A．Renting chargeable designer clothes.
B．Offering customers single-use clothes.
C．Creating unique shopping experiences.
D．Helping shoppers improve their clothing style.
7．What’s the idea behind the “capsule wardrobe”?
A．Better fewer, but better.
B．Less addition, but more enjoyment.
C．Less uniform and more freedom.
D．More choices and less annoyance.
8．What’s the purpose of the author to write the text?
A．To compare different wearing trends.
B．To criticize the “try before you buy” policy.
C．To advocate buying high-quality clothes.
D．To introduce Britain’s new wearing trend.
5．A
6．B
7．A
8．D
【解析】
【分析】
这是一篇说明文。讲述的是，在英国一种新的穿衣潮流出现，即一些人为了维护在社交媒体上的形象，经常购买衣服，穿上拍照后就退货。本文介绍了这种潮流出现的原因，服装品牌对应的措施，以及与之相反的穿衣趋势。
5．
细节理解题。根据第二段中“A survey conducted by the credit card company Barclaycard revealed that nearly one in ten UK shoppers admits to buying clothing only to post photos on social media for likes. ‘outfit (装束) of the day’ makes it online, they return it to the store. (巴克莱信用卡公司开展的一项调查显示，近十分之一的英国购物者承认自己买衣服只是为了把照片发到社交媒体上获得点赞。‘当天的服装’在网上完成后，他们会把衣服退回商店。)”可知，一些英国人在拍摄后把衣服送回去。故选A项。
6．
细节理解题。根据第四段中“There are brands that tailor clothes specifically for social media shoppers, like Fashion Nova.(有些品牌专门为社交媒体购物者定制服装，比如Fashion Nova。)”以及Allison P. Davis所写“These are clothes made for social media: meant to be worn once, photographed and abandoned.(这些衣服是为社交媒体设计的：穿一次、拍照和丢弃。)”可知，Fashion Nova的特别服务是为顾客提供一次性衣服。故选B项。
7．
推理判断题。根据最后一段中“The concept of the ‘capsule wardrobe’, which calls for purchasing a small number of high-quality pieces instead of lots of trendy throwaway clothes, is also making a comeback.(‘胶囊衣橱’的概念也正在回归，‘胶囊衣橱’指的是购买少量高品质的衣服，而不是大量购买流行的一次性衣服。)”可知，胶囊衣橱”背后的理念是越少越好。故选A项。
8．
推理判断题。通读全文可知，本文主要讲述的是，在英国一种新的穿衣潮流出现，一些人为了维护在社交媒体上的形象，经常购买衣服，穿上拍照后就退货。本文介绍了这种潮流出现的原因，服装品牌对应的措施，以及另外的穿衣趋势。所以，本文的写作目的是向读者客观地介绍英国新的穿衣潮流。故选D项。
（2022·福建）My 12-year-old daughter, Lauren, came home from school yesterday, proudly waving her grade book to me. She had been awarded A-1 in most subjects such as mathematics, language arts and science—a great achievement! Then she sadly pointed out that her perfect score was damaged by a B-1 in French and a C-1 in Physical Education.
I asked her what the scores meant. She said that the letter showed the achievement(成绩) and the number showed the effort. That moment I realized that the grades were misleading. I reached out my hands and gave her a big hug and told her in my mind she had a perfect score. It didn’t matter that her grade in French was a “B”—the “l” showed that she had tried her best. That is something to make any parent proud.
Everybody is different. Everybody has different potential(潜能). Not all of us will become linguists(语言学家) or sports stars. But without 100％effort no potential can be achieved. If I see a salesperson fail at sales, the first thing I want to examine is the effort being put in. If there is a problem with effort, the salesperson has no future. But if I see a salesperson isn’t successful with l00％effort, he or she is worth my effort in helping. Maybe a bit of training or some advice from a more successful person will help. I know that 100％effort, focus in the right direction, will always bring a result whether that is an “A” or a “C”. As long as you make 100％effort, you are great.
9．The author’s daughter was weak in _______.
A．maths. B．science. C．chemistry. D．physical education.
10．What does the author think of grades?
A．High grades make parents proud.
B．Grades are important to children.
C．People hold a wrong idea of grades.
D．High grades show great achievements.
11．Seeing a salesman with 100% effort fail, the author ______.
A．will give him training.
B．is willing to offer help.
C．will find an easy way for him.
D．may think he has no future.
12．In the passage the author praises a person highly for _______.
A．trying his or her best.
B．achieving good grades.
C．having different potential.
D．giving other people useful advice.
9．D
10．C
11．B
12．A
【解析】
【分析】
本文是夹叙夹议文。作者认为分数会误导人们，人最重要的是做出百分之百的努力。
9．
细节理解题。根据第1段的“Then she sadly pointed out that her perfect score was damaged by B-l in French and a C-1 in physical education”（然后她悲伤地指出，她的完美成绩被法语的 B-l 和体育课的 C-1所破坏。）可知，作者的女儿在体育上表现不佳，故选D。
10．
推理判断题。根据第2段的“That was when it struck me that the grades were misleading.”（就在那时，我突然意识到这些分数有误导性。）可知，作者认为人们对分数抱着错误的观点。故选C项。
11．
细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“But if I see 100% effort，but a lack of success, the salesperson is worth my effort in helping him or her.”（但是如果我看到100% 的努力，但是没有成功，那么这个销售人员值得我去帮助他或她。）可知，当作者见到这样的推销员，他愿意帮助他或她。故选B项。
12．
推理判断题。根据文章内容以及最后一段中“As long as you make 100% effort, you are great.”（只要你付出100% 的努力，你就是伟大的。）可知，作者高度赞扬做出百分之百努力的人。故选A项。
（2022·上海）A http:/www.literacynet.org/cnnsf/
Fantastic site from CNN. Over 50 news stories categorized under headings such as crime, environment and adventure. Each story has a range of activities focusing on comprehension and vocabulary, mostly of the multiple-choice variety.
B http:/www.npr.org/
NPR is an American radio network with an extensive audio archive—an excellent source of authentic English.
C http:/www.humorlinks.com/
Hilarious site bringing together over 7,000 links to humor of every kind, from American comedy to Australian cartoons. Here you will see the funniest jokes and pictures from around the world.
D http:/www.bbc.co.uk/bbcfour/audiointerviews/
Hundreds of fascinating interviews with famous people from every walk of life: actors, cartoonists, musicians, painters, philosophers, political activists, scientists and writers.
E http:/www.bbc.co.uk/music/listen
Lots of online music from classical to jazz, from blues to rap. You can listen to radio programs or select a range of special features.
F http: /www.onestopenglish.com
Here you will find listening activities—updated each month--from the online magazine from Macmillan.
13．http:/www.literacynet.org/cnnsf is a website intended for those who________.
A．are learning English
B．are writing news stories
C．are interested in environment protection
D．are designing activities for newspapers
14．For someone who is doing a project on this year's Nobel Prize winner, ________ will be the most suitable website to turn to.
A．http:/www.onestopenglish.com
B．http:/www.humorlinks.com/
C．http:/www.bbc.co.uk/bbcfour/audiointerviews/
D．http:/www.bbc.co.uk/music/isten
15．Which of the following might be the best title of the passage?
A．How to Choose a Suitable Website
B．This Week's Web Guide
C．Web Radio: New Access to Information
D．Special Features from Famous Websites
13．A
14．C
15．B
【解析】
本文是应用文。介绍各种网址的用处。
13．
细节理解题。根据第一部分“Each story has a range of activities focusing on comprehension and vocabulary, mostly of the multiple-choice variety.” 每个故事都有一系列以理解和词汇为主的活动，大多是多项选择。第一部分提到了词汇，所以是和语言有关的，A项表示“学英语”，符合题意，故选A项。
14．
推理判断题。根据第四部分“Hundreds of fascinating interviews with famous people from every walk of life: actors, cartoonists, musicians, painters, philosophers, political activists, scientists and writers.” 数百个精彩的采访名人从各行各业:演员，漫画家，音乐家，画家，哲学家，政治活动家，科学家和作家。根据本段描述，提到了采访名人，题干中的诺贝尔奖也跟名人有关，故选C项。
15．
主旨大意题。根据每一段的标题都是网址，可以看出本文是介绍和网络有关的指南，故选B项。
（2022·宁夏）What do you think of 80s pop music? Do the names George Michael, Madonna and Michael Jackson sound familiar? Well, these are just some of the names that were well-known in the music scene of the 80s and early 90s. The 80s pop music scene was an important step to the popularity (普及) of present-day music. A new wave in the music scene was introduced, which made such music styles as punk rock, rap music and the MTV popular. Although it was an end to the old 60s and 70s styles, it was also the beginning of something big. The popularity of music videos meant that artists now replaced their guitar-based music with visual displays. A new wave of artists came on the scene and the entire industry developed quickly.
The most famous 80s pop music video is Michael Jackson’s Thriller. Introduced in 1982, few people can forget the video not only because of its never-be-foreseen images, but also because of the popularity it received. Think of how 80s pop music changed the lives of people who grew up in the 80s. Ask a young man today to tell you the names of the “New Kids on the Block” and he will start talking about the neighbor kids who just moved in. These are not the answers you might have heard in the 80s. Though today’s young men do not recognize how cool 80s pop music was, most people will always remember it for what it was and these are happy memories they will always love.
Some of the 80s pop music legends (传奇人物) include Madonna, U2, AeroSmith and of course the King of Pop Michael Jackson. Let’s not forget Prince, Tina Turner, Phil Collins and Motown’s Lionel Ritchie. Some of these musicians played music that has stood the test of time. Undoubtedly, the 80s pop music scene will live on for many more years to come.
16．What is the text mainly about?
A．The characters of 80s pop music. B．What made 80s pop music popular.
C．80s pop music’s steps to popularity. D．The effects of 80s pop music.
17．80s pop music mainly includes the following styles EXCEPT ________.
A．guitar-based music B．the MTV C．rap music D．punk rock
18．Michael Jackson’s Thriller impressed people so deeply mainly because ________.
A．it changed the lives of people B．he sang it in a special style
C．it was made into a music video D．it left people with happy memories
19．The purpose of the last paragraph is to tell readers that ________.
A．80s pop music is and will remain popular B．80s pop music has many faults
C．80s pop music is now out of date
D．we shouldn’t forget the great musicians of the 80s
16．B
17．A
18．C
19．A
【解析】
【分析】
本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了20世纪80年代的流行音乐流行的原因，并列举了一些音乐家及其作品。
16．
主旨大意题。文章第一段中的“The popularity of music videos meant that artists now replaced their guitar-based music with visual displays. A new wave of artists came on the scene and the entire industry developed quickly.”（音乐视频的流行意味着艺术家们现在用视觉显示器取代了以吉他为基础的音乐。新一波的艺术家出现了，整个行业迅速发展起来。）以及其他段落提到的著名音乐家们可知，是音乐视频的流行以及著名音乐家们使80年代音乐流行起来。因此本文主要介绍了20世纪80年代的流行音乐流行的原因。故选B项。
17．
细节理解题。根据第一段的“A new wave in the music scene was introduced, which made such music styles as punk rock, rap music and the MTV popular.”（音乐界掀起了一股新的浪潮，使朋克摇滚、说唱音乐、MTV等音乐风格大受欢迎。）可知，八十年代出现的新的音乐形式有朋克摇滚、说唱音乐和MTV。A项guitar-based music没有出现。故选A项。
18．
细节理解题。根据第二段的“Introduced in 1982, few people can forget the video not only because of its never-before-seen images.”（1982年推出，很少有人能忘记这段视频，这不仅是因为它以前从未见过的图象。）可知，因为music video的引进，使得这首歌曲深入人心。故选C项。
19．
推理判断题。根据最后一段的“Undoubtedly, the 80s pop music scene will live on for many m ore years to come.”（毫无疑问，80年代的流行音乐将在未来的许多年里继续存在。）可知，作者最后一段的写作目的在于告诉读者八十年代的流行音乐现在和将来都将流行。故选A项。
（2021·云南）Avi Loeb, a scientist, believes that we are not alone in the universe. The belief fits with Loeb’s alien (外星的) spaceship theory that at least one alien spaceship might be flying over the orbit (轨道) of Jupiter, which won the international attention last year.
Astronomers in Hawaii found the first known interstellar (星际的) object in late 2017. It was a bit of light moving so fast past the sun that it could only have come from another star. Almost every astronomer on the planet was trying to figure out how the object, called “Oumuamua” got to our far-away, part of the Milky way galaxy. “One possibility is that ‘Oumuamua’ is debris (碎片) from an advanced technological equipment,” Loeb said. “Technology comes from another solar system just showed up at our door.”
“‘Oumuamua’ is not an alien spaceship,” Paul Sutter, another scientist wrote. He suggested Loeb was seeking publicity. Most scientists think “Oumuamua” is some sort of rock. They think it could be an icy wandering comet.
Loeb says that “Oumuamua’s” behavior, means it can’t be a block of rock shaped like a long photo. He thinks it's more likely an object that’s very long and thin, perhaps like a long pancake or a ship’s sail. Loeb says that if someone shows him evidence that contradicts his beliefs, he will immediately give in.
Loeb believes himself a truth-teller and risk- taker in an age of very safe, too-quiet scientists. “The worst thing that can happen to me is that I would be relieved of my management duties, and that would give me even more time to focus on science,” Loeb says. He said he wouldn’t mind giving up all the titles he had and returning to the Israeli farming village where he grew up.
20．What does Loeb say about “Oumuamua”?
A．It is an icy comet.
B．It looks like a long photo.
C．It is actually some sort of rock.
D．It may come from another alien civilization.
21．What does the underlined word “contradicts” in paragraph 4 probably mean?
A．Searches for. B．Depends on.
C．Turns to. D．Goes against.
22．What do you think of Loeb?
A．He is foolish.
B．He is unsatisfied with his titles.
C．He is a firm believer in scientific truth.
D．He is uncertain about his career future.
23．What’s the best title for the text?
A．Have Aliens Paid a Visit in Spaceships?
B．Do We Really Know about Space Theory?
C．Scientists Are Working on High Technology
D．Astronomers Are Encouraging Space Travel
20．D
21．D
22．C
23．A
【解析】
【分析】
这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了科学家Avi Loeb和其他科学家对“Oumuamua”的不同理解，讨论它是否是外星飞船临近地球。
20．
细节理解题。根据第二段中Loeb所说“One possibility is that ‘Oumuamua’ is debris (碎片) from an advanced technological equipment(一种可能是‘Oumuamua’是来自先进技术设备的碎片)”以及“Technology comes from another solar system just showed up at our door.(来自另一个太阳系的技术刚刚出现在我们的门口。)”可知，Loeb认为“Oumuamua” 可能来自另一个外星文明。故选D项。
21．
词句猜测题。根据上一段中Paul Sutter所说“‘Oumuamua’ is not an alien spaceship(‘Oumuamua’不是外星飞船)”可知，有科学家不同意Loeb的观点；根据划线词句后半句“he will immediately give in(他会立即让步)”可知，Loeb并不是绝对要坚持自己的观点，在某种条件下，他会让步的；而划线部分“Loeb says that if someone shows him evidence that contradicts his beliefs…(Loeb说，如果有人向他出示证据contradicts他的信念……)”说明如果其他科学家提供的证据和他的信念不一致，他会让步的，从而推断出划线单词contradicts为“不一致；相违背”的意思，选项D“违背”与之意义最为接近。故选D项。
22．
推理判断题。根据最后一段中“Loeb believes himself a truth-teller and risk- taker in an age of very safe, too-quiet scientists.(Loeb认为，在一个科学家非常安全、过于安静的时代，他是一个讲真话的人，也是一个敢于冒险的人。)”可知，Loeb是科学真理的坚定信徒。故选C项。
23．
主旨大意题。通读全文，根据第一段中“The belief fits with Loeb’s alien (外星的) spaceship theory that at least one alien spaceship might be flying over the orbit (轨道) of Jupiter, which won the international attention last year.(这一观点与Loeb的外星飞船理论相吻合，该理论认为至少有一艘外星飞船可能正在飞越木星的轨道，该理论去年引起了国际关注。)”等内容可知，本文主要讲述科学家Avi Loeb和其他科学家对“Oumuamua”的不同理解，辩论是否是外星飞船临近地球。选项A“外星人乘坐宇宙飞船来过吗？”突出科学家们的辩论主题，引人注意，适合做标题。故选A项。
（2022·黑龙江）I was with my mom one day as we took a walk while window shopping. We both knew we wouldn't be buying much. I remember I was looking up at the people we passed as we walked. Ladies wore 5-inch heels and bright clothes. Men wore expensive perfumes and creams that wiped away the wrinkles on their faces. An uneasy feeling started to settle in my chest. I could deny it no longer and I was ashamed of my mom.
We were in a high-class neighborhood. We lived in a small, expensive apartment building at the edge of our county. Mom chose to move there because she knew the schools were good. I realized for the first time that we didn't belong there.
I could see the heavy lines around my mom's eyes and mouth. She wore cheap clothes and worm-out shoes. Her eyes were tired from working long hours to make ends meet, and her hair was too gray for her age. She was nothing extraordinary, yet at that moment, she stood out because she was just so plain. I didn't want to be seen with her although there was no one important around to see me anyway. I felt embarrassed about being at her side. We were standing in the middle of a high-end store, and she was holding a sweater.
Mom said, “Anna, this will look good on you. Do you want it?” It Was much too expensive, but I almost thoughtlessly answered “Yes”. Then I took a closer look at the small, tired woman with a big smile and a sweater in her hands, happy to be giving me something so nice. My words died in my throat. Her clothes were worn and old because she spent her money buying me new ones. She looked so tired because she was busy working to provide for me. She didn't wear jewelry or perfumes because she was content with spending what little money she had on me. Suddenly, my mom was beautiful and extraordinarily wonderful in my eyes. I was no longer ashamed of her, but of myself.
“Do you want it?” Mom repeated.
“No, thanks,” I replied.
24．Why did the author describe the passers-by while window-shopping?
A．To stress her mother was plain.
B．To show she envied rich people.
C．To suggest she was curious about others.
D．To indicate she was in an expensive neighborhood.
25．What most likely made the author feel uneasy?
A．Studying at a top school. B．Going window-shopping.
C．Being seen with her mom. D．Living in a small apartment.
26．What did the author mean by “My words died in my throat” in Paragraph 4?
A．She was afraid of being blamed by her mom.
B．She was too excited to say anything about the sweater.
C．She felt her mom was so ordinary that she stopped speaking.
D．She failed to speak after realizing her mom's great sacrifices.
27．What can be the best title for the passage?
A．Misunderstanding Mom B．Refusing Mom's Kindness
C．Feeling Ashamed of Mom D．Going Shopping with Mom
24．A
25．C
26．D
27．A
【解析】
【分析】
这是一篇记叙文。作者和母亲在一个高档小区，在一次逛街时，因母亲的平凡让作者感到羞愧，而后发生的事情使作者意识到母亲一切都是为了孩子，原来都是对母亲的误解。作者感到不再为母亲感到羞耻，而是为自己感到羞耻。
24．
推理判断题。根据第一段中“Ladies wore 5-inch heels and bright clothes. Men wore expensive perfumes and creams that wiped away the wrinkles on their faces. An uneasy feeling started to settle in my chest. I could deny it no longer and I was ashamed of my mom.(女士们穿着5英寸高的高跟鞋和鲜艳的衣服。男人们用昂贵的香水和面霜来抹去脸上的皱纹。一种不舒服的感觉开始在我的胸膛里安定下来。我不能再否认了，我为我妈妈感到羞耻)”以及第三段中对妈妈的描述可知，作者描写逛街时要描写路人是要将母亲和穿着光鲜的人对比，而强调母亲的普通和平凡。故选A项。
25．
推理判断题。根据第三段中“She was nothing extraordinary, yet at that moment, she stood out because she was just so plain. I didn't want to be seen with her although there was no one important around to see me anyway.(她没有什么特别的，在那一刻，她的与众不同凸显是因为她是如此平凡。我不想让人看到我和她在一起，尽管周围也没有重要的人来看我)”可以推知，最有可能让作者感到不安的是作者被看见和平凡的妈妈在一起。故选C项。
26．
词句猜测题。根据第四段中划线句子后文“Her clothes were worn and old because she spent her money buying me new ones. She looked so tired because she was busy working to provide for me. She didn't wear jewelry or perfumes because she was content with spending what little money she had on me.(她的衣服又旧又破，因为她花钱给我买了新的。她看起来很累，因为她忙着工作来养活我。她不戴首饰，也不抹香水，因为她满足于把自己仅有的一点钱花在我身上)”可知，作者之前嫌弃母亲的穿着如此平凡，现在看到母亲一切为了自己，因此感到非常羞愧，从而推知划线词句“My words died in my throat”应是描写作者的羞愧心情。选项D“她意识到母亲的巨大牺牲后，竟说不出话来”最符合语境。故选D项。
27．
主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其根据第四段中“I was no longer ashamed of her, but of myself. (我不再为她感到羞耻，而是为我自己感到羞耻)”可知，作者一开始对母亲的平凡普通而感到羞愧，大街上以及高档社区的人们，无论男女都穿着如此光鲜亮丽。后来发现原来母亲都是想把最好的留给自己，自己一直以来都在“误解”母亲。从此可以看出全文围绕主题“误解”展开叙述。选项A“对妈妈的误解”言简意赅，突出主题，适合做标题。故选A.
（2021·北京延庆）What role might arts play in response to climate change and related economic and ecological crises?
It’s often said that a novel, a painting, a song or a motion picture changed how a lot of people thought or felt about the world. Anthropologists (人类学家) and historians rightly argue that major changes in society have sprung up not from the arts, but from-our relationship to our environment. Nevertheless, artists’ efforts help shape the terms by which society adapts to such changes and their consequences. Think of how Beethoven marked the beginnings of modern democracy and the nascent (初期的) Industrial Revolution. Or how Hollywood writers and directors inspired massive support for the U.S. war effort during the early 1940s.
We have stepped into a century in which the societal systems have been built since the start of the Industrial Revolution. Our food system，transport system，energy system，financial system，and possibly our political and governance systems were designed during an era in which fossil fuels met the great quantity of our fast-growing energy demand. But fossil fuels are exhaustible resources, and their reduction will drive evermore desperate methods of extraction (提炼), create evermore environmental risk and require evermore capital-even as alternative energy sources they are also costly. Further, burning fossil fuels changes our planet’s climate. So, at the same time our economy will need to be redesigned to run on entirely different energy sources, and the natural world will be shifting around us in unprecedented (空前的) ways, with more frequent disastrous storms，floods，droughts etc.
Everything will be up for negotiation, redesign and change. And artists have the opportunity and duty to translate the resulting tumultuous (动荡的) human experience into words, images，and music that help people not just to understand these events mentally, but also to come to grips with them willingly. The economic and environmental shifts described above are currently being detailed in ever-greater specificity in hundreds of reports released yearly by climate and energy experts. What’s missing in their carefully worded journal articles is the human dimensions of imagination, joy or sorrow, inspiration, and passion. Art can help us cope with the possible effects of our collective challenges. It can help prepare society for a possibly painful future. It can give voice to suffering and loss, helping people deal with life’s unavoidable stress. And it can also offer beauty, which can be especially important in hard times.
Meaningful art can and must express the chaos we encounter and help us process it mentally and emotionally. To achieve this, artists need to dig deeper, observe more closely and help their audiences connect abstract explanations and forecasts with actual experiences.
28．The author mentions Beethoven to suggest that__________.
A．musicians can easily adapt to changes in society
B．music can control the social change of the world
C．anthropologists are right about major changes in society
D．art serves as a bridge for people to understand the world
29．What do the underlined words “come to grips with” in Paragraph 4 probably mean?
A．start to create B．begin to deal with
C．try to record D．take an interest in
30．According to the author, the artists __________ .
A．are expected to show human experience in works
B．deal with the unpleasant events willingly
C．help people forecast painful future
D．are the voice of suffering and loss
31．Which of the following would be the best title for the passage?
A．Art in Greater Need during Climate Change
B．The Relationship Between Society and Art
C．The Climate Clues Hidden in At History
D．The Best Ways to Change the World
28．D
29．B
30．A
31．A
【解析】
【分析】
这是一篇议论文。文章主要讨论了艺术在应对气候变化以及相关的经济危机和生态危机方面可以发挥什么作用。
28．
细节理解题。从题干关键词“Beethoven”，可以定位到文章第一段，根据第一段的第二至第四句可知，人类学家和历史学家认为，社会的重大变化不是从艺术中产生的，而是从我们与环境的关系中产生的。然而，艺术家的努力，帮助我们塑造了社会适应这些变化及其后果的条件。想想贝多芬是如何标志着现代民主和初期工业革命的开始。因此可推断，作者提到贝多芬是想说明，艺术可以帮助人们更好的理解和认识世界。选项D意为“艺术是人们认识世界的桥梁”，与作者观点相符。故选D项。
29．
词句猜测题。选项含义：A. 开始创造；B. 开始处理；C. 试图记录；D. 对……感兴趣；根据划线单词“come to grips with”所在句 “And artists have the opportunity and duty to translate the resulting tumultuous（动荡的）human experience into words, images，and music that help people not just to understand these events mentally, but also to come to grips with them willingly.(艺术家有机会也有义务把由此产生的混乱的人类经历转化成文字、图像和音乐，不仅有助于人们从心理上理解这些事件，而且有助于人们心甘情愿地处理这些事件)”可知，此处意为“处理”。故选B项。
30．
观点态度题。根据第四段第二句“And artists have the opportunity and duty to translate the resulting tumultuous(动荡的)human experience into words, images，and music(艺术家有机会也有义务把由此产生的混乱的人类经历转化成文字、图像和音乐)”，以及作者在此处的用词“duty”可知，作者认为艺术家应该在作品中展示人类的经历。选项A “artists are expected to show human experience in works(艺术家被期望在作品中展示人类的经历)”，与作者的观点相符。故选A项。
31．
主旨大意题。根据文章第一段可知，本文要讨论艺术在应对气候变化和相关经济和生态危机方面可能发挥什么作用。根据最后一段可知，有意义的艺术可以而且必须表达我们遇到的混乱，并帮助我们在心理和情感上处理它。要做到这一点，艺术家需要更深入地挖掘，更密切地观察，帮助观众将抽象的解释和预测与实际经验联系起来。也就是说，作者认为，艺术可以帮助人们更好的理解和应对较大的社会变化以及社会混乱。选项A “Art in Greater Need during Climate Change(气候变化期间更需要艺术)”中，“climate change”属于较大的变化，需要艺术帮助人们更好的理解和应对，与作者在文中的观点一致。选项B“The Relationship Between Society and Art(社会和艺术的关系)”，在原文中并没有提到社会与艺术的关系，而是侧重于讲艺术的作用。选项C“The Climate Clues Hidden in Art History(藏在艺术史中的气候线索)”，在原文中没有提到。选项D“The Best Ways to Change the World(改变世界的最佳方式)”， 在原文中没有提到。故选A项。
【点睛】
做阅读理解题时，在文中出现大写字母的地方，通常是人名，地名，机构名等，以及文中出现引号，或者出现数字的地方，都是细节理解题比较容易设问的点，所以在阅读时，遇到有上述特征的文段，可以多加留意，或者提前标注，以便于在答题时可以快速定位，提升答题效率，比如文中第1小题的“Beethoven”。
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