高考英语一轮复习课时提能练4-1 Unit 4 Earthquakes含答案

这是一份高考英语一轮复习课时提能练4-1 Unit 4 Earthquakes含答案，共9页。

Ⅰ.语境语法填空
A
Due t the 1.destructin (destry) f their natural habitat, wild animals in this area are being endangered. T avid any serius 2.injury (injure) t wildlife, a nature reserve was built last mnth. Our lcal gvernment received many letters f 3.cngratulatin (cngratulate) frm all walks f life. Many peple dnated mney as an 4.expressin (express) f appreciatin and supprt. Accrding t a 5.judgment (judge) made by sme experts, this reserve wuld have an 6.extremely (extremely) psitive effect n the lcal ec­system.
B
The landslide left the whle village 7.in ruins, which was a great shck t us. Several peple died and 8.a number f them were trapped in cllapsed huses. All fd supplies were 9.at an end. This disaster culd have been avided, but the villagers thught little 10.f the risk. Nw, led by the gvernment, the villagers are carrying ut self­help recvery, digging 11.ut their belngings buried in the mud and getting back the lst animals. The village is returning t nrmal.
C
Sme students, mst f whm are girls, becme t stressed 12.t sleep (sleep) well the night befre an imprtant exam. Hwever, 13.all teachers are nt skilled at helping them stay calm and relaxed. Sme teachers even cmpletely ignre this fact as if it never 14.existed (exist). Experienced teachers will say smething like “Yu can d it! Yu're the best.” Everywhere they encunter a nervus student，these encuraging wrds d help build up his/her cnfidence.
Ⅱ.语境短文改错
根据P30课文内容，对下面材料进行修改。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。
Dear student，
Cngratulatins! We are pleased t telling yu that yu have win the high schl speaking cmpetitin abut new Tangshan. Yur speech was heard by the grup f five judges, all f wh agreed that it was the best ne this year. Yur parents and yur schl shuld be prud yu! Our ffice wuld like t have yu speaking in the new park, which will hnr thse that were died in the terrible disaster. What yu knw, this is the day when the quake happened thirty years befre. We invite yu t bring yur family and friends n that specially day.
[答案]
Dear student，
Cngratulatins! We are pleased t eq \f(telling,tell) yu that yu have eq \f(win,wn) the high schl speaking cmpetitin abut new Tangshan. Yur speech was heard by eq \f(the,a) grup f five judges, all f eq \f(wh,whm) agreed that it was the best ne this year. Yur parents and yur schl shuld be prud eq \(\s\up12(∧),f) yu! Our ffice wuld like t have yu eq \f(speaking,speak) in the new park, which will hnr thse that died in the terrible disaster. eq \f(What,As) yu knw, this is the day when the quake happened thirty years eq \f(befre,ag). We invite yu t bring yur family and friends n that eq \f(specially,special) day.
Ⅲ.根据提示补全句子
1．我正在街上走着，突然听到有人叫我的名字。(be )
I was walking alng the street when I heard my name called.
2．我同意你所说的大部分内容，但是我并不同意全部内容。(部分否定)
I agree with mst f what yu said, but I dn't agree with everything．
3．噪音似乎是从楼下传过来的。(as if)
It seems as if the nise cmes frm dwnstairs.
4．正如报告所显示的，在过去的两个月里，这个城市的空气质量已有所改善。(as)
The air quality in the city, as is shwn in the reprt, has imprved ver the past tw mnths.
5．他的房子着火了，因为他让厨房炉灶燃烧着就出去了。(leave复合结构)
His huse caught fire, because he went ut but left the stve burning in the kitchen.
课时作业B：能力层面
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
(2019·新疆维吾尔自治区适应性检测)Super­strm Sandy slammed int the eastern United States three years ag. The wind­driven water caused a lt f flding, especially in the regin's subway system. Nw tw teens have invented a device that culd help prevent future subway flds.
In New Yrk City alne, Super­strm Sandy caused an estimated $ 19 billin in damage. Much f the fld­waters entered the subway system thrugh its ventilatin grates (通风栅). Thse metal grills usually lie at grund level. When the system is shut dwn ahead f a fld, engineers try t cver thse grates with plywd (胶合板) and sandbags. But the flding ften washes away thse measures, which allws water t flw int the tunnels. Raising thse grates even a tiny bit abve grund level wuld cst a lt f mney. Other ideas have included building tall chimneys arund the hles. That wuld raise the grates and cst a lt f mney, t.
Kyle and Raymnd came up with a different, less expensive idea. They designed a metal grate with a built­in, adjustable cver. When trains are running, ne part f the grate slides pen t bring in fresh air. But when the system is shut dwn, that part can be slid shut t cmpletely blck the grate.
Their grate is the same size as the grates used nw. S, it wuld be simple, they say, t lift ut the ld grate and drp in a replacement. Their design includes tamper­prf features, which can prevent peratin mistakes. They make sure that peple dn't intentinally shut ff airflw during nrmal cnditins. Fr peple with the prper key, it wuld nly take a minute r tw t clse the grate ahead f a fld.
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇说明文，主要讲述三年前超级风暴Sandy猛烈袭击美国东部，造成了洪水灾害，当地的地铁被洪水淹没。为防止地铁再次被洪水淹没，两位少年发明了一种装置。
1．What's the secnd paragraph mainly abut?
A．The steps t perate grates.
B．The measures t prevent fld.
C．The functin f plywd and sandbags.
D．The disadvantage f present subway system.
D [段落大意题。根据第二段第一句可知，据估计超级风暴Sandy仅在纽约市就造成了价值190亿美元的损失。文章接下来分析了超级风暴造成的洪水淹没地铁的原因：目前的地铁系统存在很大的弊端。故本题选D。]
2．Which f the fllwing wrds best describes the tw teens' new inventin?
A．Cstly. B．Time­saving.
C．Practical.D．Cnventinal.
C [推理判断题。根据文章最后一段第一、第二句“Their grate is the same size as the grates used nw. S, it wuld be simple, they say, t lift ut the ld grate and drp in a replacement”他们使用的栅栏和现在使用的栅栏大小一样，所以很容易就可以把旧的栅栏取出来，放入一个替换栅栏；再结合最后一段最后两句可知，新的装置操作起来也很方便。故选C。]
3．What's the purpse f designing the tamper­prf feature?
A．T replace the ld grate crrectly.
B．T clse the grate ahead f a fld.
C．T ensure airflw in nrmal cnditins.
D．T stp the train speeding up unexpectedly.
C [细节理解题。根据最后一段第三、第四句可知，设计干预防护的特点可以阻止操作失误，有了干预防护，他们确保人们不会有意地在正常情况下关掉空气流通的功能，故本题选C。]
4．Where des the text mst prbably cme frm?
A．A news reprt.
B．An adventurus stry.
C．An intrductin t new equipment.
D．A guidebk t making grates.
A [文章出处题。通读全文可知，本文主要讲述了两位少年发明了一种成本较低、实用的地铁防洪装置以及该装置的特点和优势，应该属于新闻报道类文章，故选A。]
B
(2019·辽宁省五校协作体联合模拟)It tk multiple weddings fr Christine Law t realize what she needed t d. In the summer f 2014, her schedule was packed with friends' marriage celebratins—flwer­filled ccasins that gt her thinking, “Where d all the flwers g after the party？” Mre ften than nt, they were thrwn away. Law was cnfident she culd find a better use fr them.
By August, she had a plan：cnvince cuples and cmpanies hsting events t dnate their flwers, which she wuld pick up and deliver within 48 hurs t senirs acrss the city. She wanted t bring beauty int the lives f the elderly. She drew n her experience thrugh being a vlunteer in nn­prfit institutins in rder t set up her wn rganizatin, which she called Flranthrpie. Nt having enugh buquets(花束) fr all 150 peple f a health center, Law asked the staff t prvide a list f patients wh needed cheering up mst, “The first wman I apprached thught it was a mistake, and that the flwers culdn't pssibly be fr her，” says Law. “I said they were a gift, and we talked fr a half hur.”
In additin t health centers, Flranthrpie fcuses n cmmunity grups devted t the elderly. Laëtitia Thélème is a vlunteer fr Les Petits Fières, an rganizatin that aims t help the elderly wh dn't have a supprt system. The grup receives a dzen r s buquets frm Flranthrpie mnthly, and then redistributes them. “Our mtt is ‘flwers befre bread’，” says Thélème. “We dn't fcus n primary care, but rather n nurishing(滋养) the spirit. Flranthrpie helps us d that. It's amazing what a big difference a small buquet can make.”
In the beginning, mst f Flranthrpie's dnatins came thrugh wrd f muth. These days, Law receives messages frm strangers via her rganizatin's Facebk page and has cnnected with crpratins and flwer whlesalers. Law hpes t expand Flranthrpie natinally, but at this pint is happy t be able t versee each delivery persnally.
【语篇解读】 该文讲述了Christine Law把婚礼上用过的花送给老人们，为他们的生活增加美的享受，她的做法得到了很多人的支持。
5．What made Christine Law set up Flranthrpie?
A．The waste f flwers.
B．The lneliness f senirs.
C．The persuasin f ther friends.
D．The warm atmsphere f weddings.
A [细节理解题。根据第一段中的“‘Where d all the flwers g after the party？’ Mre ften than nt, they were thrwn away. Law was cnfident she culd find a better use fr them”可知，婚礼上使用过的花束的浪费使Christine Law成立了Flranthrpie这个机构。故选A。]
6．What was the wman's reactin t Christine Law's flwers?
A．She was mved.
B．She was excited.
C．She was wrried.
D．She was surprised.
D [推理判断题。根据第二段中的“The first wman I apprached thught it was a mistake, and that the flwers culdn't pssibly be fr her”可推知，当Christine Law给第一位女士送花时，她感到难以置信、相当惊讶。故选D。]
7．What can we infer abut Flranthrpie frm Laëtitia Thélème's wrds?
A．It shuld fcus n primary care.
B．It is benefiting mre than the elderly.
C．It is ding smething f great imprtance.
D．It shuld cperate with mre nn­prfit institutins.
C [推理判断题。根据第三段中的“Flranthrpie helps us d that. It's amazing what a big difference a small buquet can make”可推知，Laëtitia Thélème认为 Flranthrpie做的事产生了很大影响，故C项符合文意。]
8．What is the best title fr the text?
A．Vlunteer Yur Time
B．Dn't Thrw Flwers Away
C．Special Delivery Makes Yur Day
D．Brighten Senirs' Lives With Flwers
D [标题判断题。本文主要讲述了Christine Law为了不浪费婚礼上用过的花，把花送给老人们，给他们的生活带来了美。故D项适合作文章标题。]
Ⅱ.阅读七选五
(2019·重庆市质量调研抽测)
Ways t Get Yur Kids int Nature
Being in nature fr kids has tremendus health benefits. There are many ways yu can incrprate nature int yur children's lives, even if yu live in the city.
Inspire curisity by being curius yurself. A parent's excitement can be spread t the children, and when yu shw respect fr nature, yur children fllw suit. 1 . “I dn't knw! Let's find ut tgether.” is a wnderful way t get the ball rlling. Be pen t a mutual adventure and allw yur curius inner child t cme ut while yu explre nature with yur children.
2 . If yu have t carpl(拼车) in the mrning, turn ff the devices instead and encurage yur children t lk ut f the windw. The early mrning fall skies are beautiful with clr and migrating birds. After all, even views f nature frm the car windw are calming and beneficial.
Stp thinking abut nature time as leisure time. Time in nature is an essential investment in yur children's health and well­being. If yu view nature time as essential t gd health, yu will be mre likely t engage in it. 3 ， nurturing creativity and wnder is part f yur respnsibility as parents.
Lk at the stars. Visit yur lcal bservatry, and then drive ut f the city sme mrning r evening fr yur wn stargazing (天体观察) with a blanket and telescpe. Observing the stars ffers a deeper and wider understanding f the universe. 4 ．
Plant a small garden. 5 . Bean and pea plants grw quickly and can be eaten when mature, s teach yur children abut fd and the wnder f grwth.
A．Limit electrnic devices while driving
B．Encurage questins yu dn't knw the answers t
C．If yu want t raise yur healthy, well­balanced children
D．If yu have the space, help yur children plant a few vegetables
E．It will teach teamwrk, pride in the cmmunity, and family tgetherness
F．If yur child is interested, encurage him t get invlved in the cmmunity
G．Allw yurself t think abut it, and talk t yur children abut that wnder
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了让孩子融入自然的一些方法。
1．B [根据下文中的“‘I dn't knw! Let's find ut tgether.’ is a wnderful way t get the ball rlling”，并与上文中的“Inspire curisity”呼应可推知，此处表示鼓励孩子一起探索你自己也不知道答案的问题，从而引起好奇心，故选B项。]
2．A [根据空后一句“If yu have t carpl (拼车) in the mrning, turn ff the devices instead and encurage yur children t lk ut f the windw”可推知，开车时关掉电子设备，多看看窗外也是一种与自然接触的方式，故选A项。]
3．C [承接上文“Time in nature is an essential investment in yur children's health and well­being”和空后的“nurturing parents”可推知，如果想要培养出健康、明智的孩子，培养他们的创造性和好奇心也是作为父母的责任，故选C项。]
4．G [根据上文“Observing the stars ffers a deeper and wider understanding f the universe”可推知，和孩子一起观察星空能够加深对自然界的理解，与G项呼应，故选G项。]
5．D [承接上文“Plant a small garden”，并与下文“Bean and pea plants grw quickly and can be eaten when mature, s teach yur children abut fd and the wnder f grwth”呼应可推知，此处作者建议父母开辟一个小菜园，帮孩子种点蔬菜，一起见证它们生长的奇迹，故选D项。]
Ⅲ.语法填空
(2019·武汉调研)Wrld Sleep Day falls n March 16. This year's theme cncerns sleep and wmen.
Mre wmen suffer frm insmnia (失眠) than men, but nly 4 percent f them g t a dctr t get help. A Beijing newspaper 1. (reprt) recently.A study by 2. internatinal rganizatin in the paper said that wmen 3. (age) 30 t 60 sleep six hurs and 41 minutes a day 4. average.
Yung peple have als been shwn t suffer frm a lack f sleep. Statistics frm a Chinese medical research centre shw that in 5. (city) like Beijing and Shanghai, 40 percent f yung peple suffer frm insmnia, and 80 percent suffer frm great tiredness due t pr quality sleep.
Experts blame heavy 6. (press) and cmpetitin at wrk fr pr 7.
(sleep) habits. The lng­term effects can be unhappiness, anxiety and depressin, 8.
can in turn lead t chrnic illnesses(慢性病), 9. (especial) in wmen.
There are, hwever, a cuple f tricks fr getting a gd sleep, such as maintaining an ptimistic attitude, keeping a regular, 10. (day) rutine, r finding time fr sprts. Als, yu can develp healthy habits, such as keeping the bedrm clean and aviding tea, cffee, r wine befre sleeping.
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇说明文。今年世界睡眠日关注的是女性的睡眠问题。调查发现，许多女性睡眠不足，年轻人也是如此。文章介绍了导致睡眠不足的原因及其解决方法。
1．reprted [考查动词的时态。根据该句中的“recently”，再结合上文可知，上述结果是北京的一家报纸报道过的，表示已经发生过的事情，故用一般过去时。]
2．an [考查不定冠词。根据语境可知，该处泛指“一个国际组织”，且internatinal的发音以元音音素开头，故用不定冠词an。]
3．aged [考查形容词。分析该句结构可知，空处作名词“wmen”的后置定语，应用age的形容词形式aged，表示“年龄介于三十到六十岁的女性”。]
4．n [考查固定搭配。n average为固定搭配，意为“平均”。该句意为：在该报纸中一项由一个国际组织进行的研究表明，30到60岁的女性平均每天睡6小时41分钟。]
5．cities [考查名词单复数。根据该句中的“like Beijing and Shanghai”可知，该处指“像北京、上海那样的城市”，为复数意义，故用cities。]
6．pressure [考查名词。根据该句中“and cmpetitin”，再结合空前的形容词“heavy”可知，该形容词修饰两个并列的名词，故用press的名词形式pressure，表示“压力”。]
7．sleeping [考查形容词。空处修饰后面的名词habits，表示“睡眠习惯”，故用形容词sleeping。]
8．which [考查关系词。分析该句结构可知，该句为非限制性定语从句，空处在从句中作主语，指代前面的“unhappiness, anxiety and depressin”，故用关系代词which引导该定语从句。]
9．especially [考查副词。空处修饰短语“in wmen”，故用副词形式。]
10．daily [考查形容词。空处修饰后面的名词“rutine”，表示“日常生活”，故用day的形容词形式daily。]
Ⅳ.短文改错
假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。
增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号(∧)，并在其下面写出该加的词。
删除：把多余的词用斜线(\)划掉。
修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。
注意：1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；
2．只允许修改10处，多者(从第11处起)不计分。
(2019·合肥市第二次教学质量检测)Our schl sprts meeting finally came t end last Friday. Tiring but cheerful, we made it a success. I can say it's the best ne I have ever been taken part in. The pening ceremny was a feast fr the eyes. T begin with, the headmaster makes a speech. Then came varius perfrmance, including singing, dancing and kung fu. Besides, sme students dressed up as dlls, and that they wanted t shw was cnfident and talent. When the teachers' shws began, the audience went crazily. As a class phtgrapher, I tk pictures f such many brilliant mments, which, with dubt, meant a lt t all f us.
[答案]
Our schl sprts meeting finally came t eq \s\up(∧,an) end last Friday. eq \f(Tiring,Tired) but cheerful, we made it a success. I can say it's the best ne I have ever taken part in. The pening ceremny was a feast fr the eyes. T begin with, the headmaster eq \f(makes,made) a speech. Then came varius eq \f(perfrmance,perfrmances)， including singing, dancing and kung fu. Besides, sme students dressed up as dlls, and eq \f(that,what) they wanted t shw was eq \f(cnfident,cnfidence) and talent. When the teachers' shws began, the audience went eq \f(crazily,crazy). As a class phtgrapher, I tk pictures f eq \f(such,s) many brilliant mments, which, eq \f(with,withut/n) dubt, meant a lt t all f us.