高考英语一轮复习课时提能练8-2 Unit 3 computers含答案

  课时提能练(八)

Unit 3　Computers

课时作业A：基础层面

Ⅰ.语境语法填空

A

Our life has changed a lot since the 1.appearance (appear) of computers. Complicated issues have been 2.simplified (simple). For example, financial services are becoming more easily accessible. 3.Operators (operate) just use a keyboard or a mouse to get their work finished in a short time. Now, 4.intelligent (intelligence) computers are being more widely used, even in the 5.exploration (explore) and recognition of the universe. 6.Personally (personal), computers will influence all aspects of our life with more 7.application (apply) softwares being developed.

B

I was homesick after I arrived in Canada. After 8.all, this was the first time that I had left home. I found it hard to adapt to my new school life and I didn't know 9.how to deal with my new classmates. As 10.a result, I felt nervous and depressed. My deskmate Tom offered me a hand. Because we had a lot 11.in common, we became good friends soon. 12.With his help, I quickly got along well with all the others and worked 13.out many difficulties in life. Two years has gone 14.by, and everything is OK for me. In reality, I am truly enjoying the life in Canada now.

C

With the sun 15.rising (rise), I was expecting a new start. After a quick breakfast, I went to my office 16.feeling (feel) energetic and quickly devoted my attention to my work. So much work did I have to do 17.that I had no time to take a rest. However, 18.as the day went on, the weather was getting worse. It didn't take long 19.before a heavy rain came. I stopped my work and was hurrying back home. Unfortunately, I fell off my bicycle. As well as 20.breaking (break) one of my legs, I hurt both of my arms.

Ⅱ.语境短文改错

根据P23课文内容，对下面材料进行修改。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。

I'm part in an android football team. On the football team I'm a striker so I have to able to run very fast. My computer chips help me to move and thinks like a human. My first football competition is in Japan several years ago. In the way our programmer is like our coach. She programs us with all the possibly moves she has seen while she watching human games. I would really like to play against a human team, for I have been programmed to act just like themselves. After all, with the help of my electronic brain which never forget anything, use my intelligence is what I'm all about!

[答案]　

I'm part  an android football team. On the football team I'm a striker so I have to  able to run very fast. My computer chips help me to move and  like a human. My first football competition  in Japan several years ago. In  way our programmer is like our coach. She programs us with all the  moves she has seen while watching human games. I would really like to play against a human team, for I have been programmed to act just like . After all, with the help of my electronic brain which never  anything,  my intelligence is what I'm all about!

Ⅲ.根据提示补全句子

1．因为越来越多的污染，很多物种正在灭绝。(result)

①There is more and more pollution. As a result, many species are dying out.

②As a result of more and more pollution, many species are dying out.

2．半个小时后，他们才会离开阅览室。(before)

It will be half an hour before they leave the reading room.

3．和别人分享你的快乐，你就会得到更多的快乐。(share)

Share your happiness with others, and you will get more happiness.

4．无论何时我们遇到困难，他总是乐意帮助我们。(whenever)

He is always willing to help us whenever we meet with difficulties．

5．天气非常寒冷，以至于街上没有人。

①It was so cold a day that there was nobody on the street.(so)

②It was such a cold day that there was nobody on the street.(such)

③Such a cold day was it that there was nobody on the street.(such倒装句)

④So cold a day was it that there was nobody on the street.(so倒装句)

课时作业B：能力层面

Ⅰ.阅读理解

A

(2019·江西省三名校联考)A new study has shown how computers and robots powered by artificial intelligence can read human eye movements to “read” human personalities.

The eyes, they say, are the windows to the soul. And if that is true, computers and robots powered by sophisticated (复杂的) artificial intelligence algorithms (演算法) may soon have the ability to peer into your soul. That is the result of a new study on the connection between eye movements and personality, conducted by neuroscience researchers based at the University of South Australia and published in the scientific journal Frontiers in Neuroscience.

“Eye movements during an everyday task predict aspects of our personality，” wrote the researchers, led by University of South Australia neuroscientist Tobias Loetscher, whose team followed 42 study subjects around the university campus recording their eye movements, then determined their personality traits with “well­established questionnaires” for determining the personality type, according to a summary of the study published by the site Science Daily.

The researchers fed the data into their AI algorithms and found that computers running the algorithms were able to record human eye movements and immediately determine a person's major personality traits, such as “neuroticism, extraversion (外向), agreeableness, conscientiousness, as well as curiosity”，the scientists wrote.

“The new findings could improve the way human beings interact with their computers and other high­tech devices, even robots, allowing for more natural and realistic social interactions with machines，” Loetscher said.

“People are always looking for improved, personalized services. Today's robots and computers are not socially aware so they cannot adapt to non­verbal information，” Loetscher said in a statement quoted by The Indian Express. This research provides opportunities to develop robots and computers so that they can become more natural, and better at interpreting human social signals.

The study revealed previously undiscovered relations between specific personality characteristics and specific eye movement tendencies, according to a summary in Britain's Daily Mail newspaper.

【语篇解读】　本文主要介绍了一项人工智能计算机和机器人通过读人眼球的运动从而一窥人的个性的研究。

1．What do the underlined words “peer into” in Paragraph 2 probably mean?

A．Understand.　　 B．Stare at.

C．Search for. D．Concern about.

A　[词义猜测题。根据第二段第一句“The eyes, they say, are the windows to the soul”，并结合对第一段的整体理解可推知，此处peer into与第一段中的“read”呼应，故选A。]

2．How did the researchers conduct the research?

A．It was carried out in a lab.

B．42 subjects' eye movements were recorded.

C．The students' daily movements were tracked.

D．Its subjects' personalities were determined by computer.

B　[细节理解题。根据对第三段的整体理解可知，这项研究是通过追踪42个研究对象并记录他们的眼球运动来开展的，故选B。]

3．According to Tobias Loetscher, what can we know?

A．Robots and computers are socially conscious.

B．People care less about improved, personalized services.

C．Today's robots and computers can accustom to non­verbal information.

D．The discovery will improve the interaction between human beings and machines.

D　[细节理解题。根据对倒数第三段的整体理解可知，这项研究发现有助于改善人类和机器的互动，故选D。]

4．What can be a suitable title for the text?

A．Human Personality Traits

B．What Human Eye Movements Are

C．Tell Personalities by Eye Movements

D．How Humans and Machines Interact

C　[标题判断题。根据第一段开篇点题，并结合对全文的整体理解可推知，本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了一项人工智能计算机和机器人通过读人眼球的运动从而一窥人的个性的研究，故选C。]

B

(2019·大连市一模)It is generally acknowledged that young people from poorer socioeconomic backgrounds tend to do less well in the education system. In an attempt to help the children of poor families, a nationwide program called “Head Start” was started in the US in 1965. A lot of money was poured into it. It took children into preschool institutions at the age of three and was supposed to help them succeed in school. But the results have been disappointing, because the program began too late. Many children who entered it at three were already behind their peers in language and intelligence and the parents were not involved in the process. At the end of each day, “Head Start” children returned to the same disadvantaged home environment.

To improve the results, another program was started in Missouri that concentrated on parents as the child's first teachers. This program was based on research showing that working with the family is the most effective way of helping children get the best possible start in life. The four­year study included 380 families who were about to have their first child and represented different socioeconomic statuses, ages and family structures. The program involved trained educators visiting and working with the parent or parents and the child. The program also gave the parents some guidance, and useful skills on child development.

At three, the children involved in the “Missouri” program were evaluated with the children selected from the same socioeconomic backgrounds and family situations. The results were obvious. The children in the program were more advanced in language development, problem solving and other intellectual skills than their peers. They performed equally well regardless of socioeconomic backgrounds or family structures. The one factor that was found to affect the child's development was the poor quality of parent­child interaction. That interaction was not necessarily bad in poorer families.

The “Missouri” program compares quite distinctly with the “Head Start” program. Without a similar focus on parent education and on the vital importance of the first three years, some evidence indicates that it will not be enough to overcome educational unfairness.

【语篇解读】　本文主要通过对比两项侧重点不同的教育项目表明，要实现教育公平就应该关注对父母的教育，使其与孩子之间进行高品质互动，并且意识到孩子出生后前三年的重要性。

5．What caused the failure of the “Head Start” program?

A．The large number of poor families.

B．The disapproval from children.

C．The late start of the program.

D．The long period of time.

C　[细节理解题。根据第一段第五句“But the results have been disappointing, because the program began too late”可知，Head Start项目的失败是因为其开始得太晚了。]

6．What do we know about the “Missouri” program?

A．It focused on the children's first school teachers.

B．It helped the children return to the same home.

C．It made the children improved in many aspects.

D．It gave the parents advice on their development.

C　[推理判断题。根据第三段第三句“The children in the program were more advanced in language development, problem solving and other intellectual skills than their peers”可推知，Missouri项目让参与的孩子们在许多方面都有改善。]

7．According to the passage, what is likely to influence children's performance?

A．The number of family members.

B．The parent­child communication.

C．The intelligence of their parents.

D．The teacher­student relationship.

B　[细节理解题。根据第三段倒数第二句“The one factor that was found to affect the child's development was the poor quality of parent­child interaction”可知，父母和孩子之间的交流质量是影响孩子发展的因素之一。故选B。]

8．How does the author develop the passage?

A．By listing figures.

B．By making comparisons.

C．By presenting ideas.

D．By drawing conclusions.

B　[篇章结构题。通读全文内容可知，本文是通过对比两个侧重点不同的教育项目， 从而组织文章的，故选B。]

Ⅱ.完形填空

(2019·福州市质量抽测)Growing up in the 1960s, I was taught from an early age to send a handwritten thank­you note expressing   1   for kindness. My mother used to buy me a box of paper and   2   me in the art and value of saying “thank you”. She   3   to be right.

A study showed that it took less than 5 minutes to write the thank­you notes. Just 5 minutes to make   4   person feel overjoyed!   5  ， in our “instant” world, the idea of getting an actual pen and writing an actual note seems to never come to mind. We tend to do what is   6   for us—a quick text or an email.

It's easy to use the   7   of being busy, but even very busy and   8   businessmen find time to   9   thank­you notes. For example, when Douglas Conant became CEO of Campbell's, the company had   10   half of its market value and morale(士气) was at an all­time low. He   11   fixing that by doing some simple things that are probably not   12   in any MBA class. For one thing, Conant wrote to every   13  . He gained their confidence and   14  ， turned the company   15  ．

In his ten years as CEO, Conant wrote over 30，000 notes to employees. It's   16   not to ask how he did it.   17  ， he had many other things to do   18   writing a thank­you note. Conant made time for   19   because he knew the impact(影响) each one would have. An expression of   20   in this crazy world still makes a difference.

【语篇解读】　本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。小时候，妈妈教“我”用手写的感谢便条来表达对善良的感激，并教“我”表达感谢的艺术和价值；研究表明，不到五分钟就能用手写好的感谢便条让他人感到快乐。

1．A.concern B．sympathy

C．affection D．appreciation

D　[根据该句中的“a handwritten thank­you note expressing          for kindness”可知，该处指用手写的感谢便条表达对善良的感激(appreciation)，故D项正确。A项意为“担心，关心”；B项意为“同情”；C项意为“喜爱”。]

2．A.consult B．instruct

C．answer D．impress

B　[根据该句“My mother used to buy me a box of paper...and value of saying ‘thank you’”可知，“我”的妈妈过去常常给“我”买一箱纸，并教授(instruct)“我”表达感谢的艺术和价值，故B项正确。A项意为“咨询”；C项意为“回答”；D项意为“使留下深刻印象”。]

3．A.remained B．proved

C．appeared D．claimed

B　[根据语境尤其是下文的内容可推知，此处表示她证明(proved)(这样做)是正确的，故B项符合语境。A项意为“保持”；C项意为“显得”；D项意为“声称”。]

4．A.one B．any

C．each D．another

D　[根据空前一句可知，写感谢便条需要不到五分钟的时间；并结合该句和常识可推知，此处表示仅花费五分钟就可以让另一个(another)人非常高兴，故D项正确。]

5．A.Yet B．Therefore

C．So D．Otherwise

A　[根据该句中的“seems to never come to mind”并结合上文内容可知，尽管仅花费五分钟就能用手写好的感谢便条让他人感到快乐，但是(Yet)，在我们这个“快捷的”世界里，人们似乎不愿意用这种方式表达谢意；据此可推知，该处前后表示转折关系，故A项正确。]

6．A.special B．necessary

C．convenient D．important

C　[根据该句中的“a quick text or an email” 可推知，该处表示我们趋向于使用对我们来说方便的(convenient)方式——快速发送的短信或电子邮件，故C项正确。]

7．A.case B．excuse

C．example D．situation

B　[根据语境以及该句中的“of being busy”并结合常识可知，人们很容易以忙为借口(excuse)，故B项正确。A项意为“事例”；C项意为“例子”；D项意为“情况”。]

8．A.humorous B．optimistic

C．successful D．experienced

C　[根据语境可知，人们很容易以忙为借口，但即使是很忙碌和成功的(successful)商人也能找到时间写(pen)感谢便条，故C项正确。]

9．A.pen B．receive

C．design D．deliver

A　[参见上题解析。]

10．A.lost B．gained

C．developed D．damaged

A　[根据该句中的“morale(士气) was at an all­time low”可知，士气空前低落；据此可推知，这家公司已经损失(lost)了一半的市值，故A项正确。]

11．A.gave up B．kept up

C．set about D．worried about

C　[根据该句中的“He          fixing that by doing some simple things”并结合语境可推知，他开始做(set about)一些简单的事情来解决这一问题，故C项正确。A项意为“放弃”；B项意为“跟上”；D项意为“担心”。]

12．A.permitted B．taught

C．checked D．tested

B　[根据语境可推知，他所做的简单的事情很可能没有在任何MBA课堂上被教(taught)过，故B项正确。A项意为“允许”；C项意为“检查”；D项意为“测试”。]

13．A.market B．businessman

C．company D．employee

D　[根据下文中的“gained their confidence”和“Conant wrote over 30，000 notes to employees”可推知，Conant给每个员工(employee)写了便条，得到了他们的信任，故D项正确。]

14．A.personally B．frankly

C．naturally D．occasionally

C　[根据语境可推知，Conant得到了员工们的信任，顺理成章地(naturally)，使公司好转起来，故C项正确。A项意为“亲自”；B项意为“坦率地”；D项意为“偶然”。]

15．A.up B．down

C．away D．around

D　[参见上题解析。turn around意为“好转，扭转”，故D项正确。turn up意为“开大”；turn down意为“调低”；turn away意为“拒绝”。]

16．A.hard B．great

C．amazing D．disappointing

A　[根据前一句可知，在担任CEO的十年间，Conant给他的员工们写了三万多个便条；结合语境和常识可推知，这令人很难(hard)不去问他是如何做到的，故A项正确。]

17．A.As usual B．In short

C．By the way D．After all

D　[根据语境可推知，此处表示毕竟(After all)，除了(besides)写感谢便条，他有许多其他事情要做，故D项正确。A项意为“像往常一样”，B项意为“简言之”，C项意为“顺便提一下”，都与文意不符。]

18．A.by B．in

C．besides D．without

C　[参见上题解析。]

19．A.me B．it

C．him D．them

B　[根据语境可知，空处指代空前一句中的“writing a thank­you note”，故B项正确。]

20．A.kindness B．joy

C．value D．confidence

A　[根据本文第一句中的“expressing          for kindness”并结合全文内容可推知，在这个疯狂的世界中，善良(kindness)的表达仍然会有作用，故A项正确。]