高考英语一轮复习课时提能练30-6 Unit 5 the power of nature含答案

  课时提能练(三十)

Unit 5　The power of nature

课时作业A：基础层面

Ⅰ.语境语法填空

A

Janet has a 1.diversity (diverse) of interests. She especially likes rock climbing. Unfortunately, she fell off one day, becoming 2.unconscious (conscious). She was immediately sent to a hospital with good doctors and advanced medical 3.equipment (equip). After a careful 4.evaluation (evaluate), they worked out a treatment plan. Janet came to herself after 3 days. Her mother's 5.anxiety (anxious) was removed and she showed her 6.appreciation (appreciate) from the bottom of her heart to the doctors for their care and patience.

B

Talents vary 7.from person to person. Tom has a gift 8.for languages. For example, he picked 9.up much Japanese during his three­month visit to Japan. By the time he waved goodbye to his Japanese friends, he was able to speak Japanese fluently. His wife, anxious 10.about his safety, phoned him frequently when he was overseas, warning him never to make 11.his (he)way to anything risky.

C

This 12.being (be) my first visit to an African country, I am scared and feel pretty anxious. It 13.is said (say) that most blacks are aggressive and uneducated. Not 14.having met (meet) any black people before, I wonder if I can fit in with their customs and tradition. 15.However challenging life is over there, I must find ways myself to adapt to it as soon as possible.

Ⅱ.语境短文改错

根据P39课文内容，对下面材料进行修改。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。

Changbaishan is at Jilin Province. It is kept in its natural state for visitors to enjoy it. The height of the land varies 700 metres above sea level to over 2, 000 metres. It is home for many plants and animals. Many people come here to study the unique plants and animal when others come to see the spectacular waterfalls. But, the most popular attraction in the reserve are Tianchi, or the Lake of Heaven. If you are luck enough to visit it with your loved one, don't forget to make a wish to guarantee your love will be as deeply and lasting as the lake itself.

[答案]　

Changbaishan is  Jilin Province. It is kept in its natural state for visitors to enjoy . The height of the land varies  700 metres above sea level to over 2, 000 metres. It is home  many plants and animals. Many people come here to study the unique plants and   others come to see the spectacular waterfalls. ， the most popular attraction in the reserve  Tianchi, or the Lake of Heaven. If you are  enough to visit it with your loved one, don't forget to make a wish to guarantee your love will be as  and lasting as the lake itself.

Ⅲ.根据提示补全句子

1．工作了两天，史蒂夫如期完成了报告。(现在分词作状语)

Having worked for two days, Steve managed to finish his report on schedule.

2．我们学校有三个大的多媒体教室，每一间都配备了最新的电脑。(独立主格结构)

We have three large multi­media classrooms in our school, each equipped with the newest computers．

3．他正要告诉我这个秘密，这时有人拍了拍他的肩膀。(be about to do ... when ...)

He was just about to tell me the secret when someone patted him on the shoulder.

4．这是因为我们最终认识到它实际上是一种非常环保的生活方式。(because引导的表语从句)

This is because we finally realized that it is actually a very eco­friendly way to live.

5．据报道当今世界上有三千多种语言。(it作形式主语的主语从句)

It is reported that there are more than 3，000 languages in the world today.

课时作业B：能力层面

Ⅰ.阅读理解

A

(2019·广东省六校联盟第三次联考)NEW YORK—A massive winter storm paralyzed much of the US East Coast on Thursday and Friday, dumping as much as 46 centimeters of snow from the Carolinas to Maine. It also caused flooding on the streets of Boston due to swelling storm tides, forced the cancellation of nearly 5，000 flights and closed businesses, offices and schools.

Some meteorologists (气象学家) classified the storm as a “bomb cyclone” for its sharp drop in atmospheric pressure would be followed immediately by a blast of cold air that could break records in more than two dozen cities and bring wind chills as low as －40℃ during the weekend.

From Baltimore, Maryland, to Caribou in Maine, efforts were underway to clear roadways of ice and snow as wind chill temperatures were to plunge during the day, reaching －40℃ in some parts after sundown, according to the National Weather Service.

Utility companies across the East worked to repair downed power lines early on Friday as about 21，000 customers remained without electricity, down from almost 80，000 the day before, and issued warnings that temperatures may become dangerously low.

“If the temperature in your home begins to fall, we recommend taking shelter elsewhere until service can be restored. You can find warming centers by contacting local authorities，” National Grid power company, which serves Massachusetts, said on Twitter.

Airlines canceled 4，000 flights on Thursday and hundreds more on Friday, according to FlightAware.com, an online tracking service.

Mayor Bill de Blasio said it could feel like ­30℃ on Friday and Saturday nights with the wind chill. “This is a serious, serious storm, and may be the most severe in 2018，” he said at a news conference.

New York Governor Andrew Cuomo declared a state of emergency for the southern part of the state, while New Jersey Governor Chris Christie declared a state of emergency for several counties.

【语篇解读】　本文属于新闻报道。大规模的暴风雨于周四和周五袭击了美国东海岸，给当地的生产和生活造成了严重影响。

1．Which of the following is NOT the consequence of the massive winter storm?

A．Breakdown of the US coast.

B．Flooding in Boston.

C．Cancellation of nearly 5，000 flights.

D．Closure in business, offices, and schools.

A　[细节理解题。根据第一段第二句“It also caused flooding on the streets of Boston due to swelling storm tides, forced the cancellation of nearly 5，000 flights and closed businesses, offices and schools.”可知，受暴风雪的影响，波士顿暴发了洪水，近5 000架次的航班被迫取消，企业、办公楼和学校也被迫关闭。只有A项没有提到，故选A。]

2．Why did some meteorologists classify this winter storm as “bomb cyclone”？

A．Because it will cause changeable atmospheric pressure.

B．Because the scale of this storm could break records in lots of cities.

C．Because of the deadly and destructive effects of this storm.

D．Because of the extremely cold air and the wind chills in this storm.

D　[细节理解题。根据第二段可知，一些气象专家将此类风暴归为“炸弹气旋”的原因是气压的急剧下降，而随后还会有一股冷空气到来，打破了20多座城市的记录，导致周末时气温低至－40℃。故选D。]

3．Which of the following best explains the underlined word “plunge” in Para.3?

A．Decline steadily.

B．Drop dramatically.

C．Fluctuate violently.

D．Fall moderately.

B　[词义猜测题。根据第三段第一句“...wind chill temperatures were to plunge during the day, reaching －40℃ in some parts after sundown...”可知，一些地区的风寒温度在日落后会降到－40℃。据此可知，画线词的含义为“突然下降”，故选B。]

4．About the rescue work, which of the following statements is INCORRECT?

A．People were making great efforts to rid roadways of ice and snow.

B．About 101 thousand people were left without electricity on Thursday.

C．Residents can stay in warming centers until heating service is restored.

D．Aviation service hasn't been brought back to normal yet until Friday.

B　[细节理解题。根据第三段可知，人们正在加紧清理路面上的冰雪，故排除A项；根据第五段前两句可知，在供暖服务恢复之前，居民可以住在供暖中心，故排除C项；根据第六段可知，航班服务仍然没有恢复正常，故排除D项。根据第四段内容可知，周五早些时候，电力公司都在努力修复被击落的电线，当时大约有21 000家没有电，比前一天的差不多80 000减少了，故可知周四没有电的不是101 000家。故选B。]

B

(2019·石家庄市毕业班教学质量检测)Most dog owners are convinced that their four­legged friends know exactly what they mean when they use certain words like “sit”，“stay”or “treat”. However, researchers have always wondered whether dogs really understand human speech or if they rely on other information to get the meaning. For example, does the word “fetch” form a picture of a stick or ball in the dog's mind, or does the dog bring back the object based on the owner's voice or gesture? A new study by scientists at Atlanta's Emory University seems to indicate that “man's best friend” does indeed know what the owner is saying.

The researchers began by asking the owners of twelve dogs of various kinds to train their pets to identify two toys of different materials, such as a toy animal and a ball. Once the dogs had mastered the task, they took turns inside a special scanner. The owners then tested their dog's language skill by first calling out the names of the toys they had been trained to recognize and then saying meaningless words such as“bobbu” and“bodmick” while holding up random objects the dogs hadn't seen before.

The scans suggested that the parts of the dogs' brains responsible for processing sounds showed different brain patterns when they heard words they were familiar with, compared with the ones they had never heard before. While that was not enough to prove that the dogs were picturing their toys when they heard the word, it did indicate some sort of recognition. The researchers believe this is an important step in understanding how dogs process language.

Something even more interesting was that the dog's brains showed a higher level of neural (神经的) activity at the sound of unknown words. This is the exact opposite of what happens in human brains, which get more active at the sound of familiar words. The researchers say the dogs may become cheerful at the sound of new words to try to understand them in the hope of delighting their masters. “Dogs want to please their owners, and perhaps also want to receive praise or food，” says Emory neuroscientist Gregory Berns, senior author of the study.

However, though your pet may understand human speech, the scientists recommend using visual signals and smell for training. “When people want to teach their dog a trick, they often use spoken commands because that's what we humans prefer，” Prichard says. “From the dog's view, however, a visual command might be more effective, helping the dog learn the trick faster.”

【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文。一项新的研究表明，狗的确能理解主人说的话。

5．What's the purpose of the new study?

A．To convince dog owners to understand their dogs.

B．To advise dog owners to treat their dogs kindly.

C．To prove dogs follow owners' order by listening.

D．To test out how dogs get information from owners.

D　[细节理解题。根据第一段尾句“A new study by scientists at Atlanta's Emory University seems to indicate that ‘man's best friend’ does indeed know what the owner is saying”可知，亚特兰大的埃默里大学的科学家进行的一项新研究似乎表明，“人类最好的朋友”确实知道主人在说什么，并结合全文可知，该研究的目的是测试狗是如何理解主人的话的，故D项正确。]

6．What does the author intend to do in Paragraph 2?

A．Inform the result of the research.

B．State the process of the research.

C．Stress the importance of the research.

D．Introduce the subjects of the research.

B　[写作意图题。根据第二段第一句“The researchers began by asking the owners of twelve dogs of various kinds to train their pets to identify two toys of different materials, such as a toy animal and a ball”并结合该段内容可知，该段主要介绍了进行研究的过程，包括让不同品种的狗识别不同材料的玩具等，据此可知，该段旨在介绍研究过程，故B项正确。]

7．How do human brains and dog brains react to words?

A．Human brains become active in unfamiliar words.

B．Dog brains become delighted at unfamiliar words.

C．Human brains are not sensitive to familiar words.

D．Dog brains show no response to familiar words.

B　[细节理解题。根据第四段前两句“Something even more interesting...This is the exact opposite of what happens in human brains, which get more active at the sound of familiar words”可知，对于不熟悉的单词，狗的大脑呈现出高水平的神经活动，而人类的大脑相反，故B项正确。]

8．What do scientists advise the owners to do in dog training?

A．Give dogs oral commands.

B．Teach dogs new tricks.

C．Involve sight and smell.

D．Encourage faster learning.

C　[细节理解题。根据尾段第一句“However, though your pet may understand human speech, the scientists recommend using visual signals and smell for training”可知，尽管狗可能理解人类的语言，但科学家们建议使用视觉信号和嗅觉来训练它们，故C项正确。]

Ⅱ.阅读七选五

(2019·长沙市统一模拟)It is not as simple as opening the door and hitting the track in winter. There are a few things you can do to ensure you are getting the most out of your run and, importantly, not doing more harm than good.

Warm up, cool down

  1  . Your muscles need some time to warm up when it's cold, so take it easy when you set off and do a few stretches once you're finished.

Drink water

You might not feel hot, but that's because sweat evaporates(蒸发) more quickly into the chilly, dry air. So be sure to drink water before, during and after cold­weather workouts.   2  . A belt bottle conveniently attaches to your waist so you don't have to carry it and can have a drink whenever you feel like it.

  3 

Running in cotton is a bad idea. Wear thin, breathable layers of synthetic(合成的) clothing that help protect you from the wind and snow, but still let out heat and moisture. Thirty percent of your body heat escapes through your hands and forty percent through your head. Wear a hat, or beanie(无檐小便帽), and gloves so your circulatory system can distribute warm blood to the rest of your body.   4  ．

Run into the wind

  5  . Obviously, it will be an easier passage home with some extra help from Mother Nature. But, more importantly, you won't have the wind in your face for the second half of your run, when you are more likely to be sweating and catch a chill.

A．Dress right

B．Keep warm

C．Don't go too fast, too soon

D．Start and finish in the same way

E．Don't wait to drink water until you feel thirsty

F．Head out into the wind and come home with it at your back

G．On really cold days, wear a mask or scarf over your mouth to protect your face

【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了冬季室外跑步的一些注意事项，包括做好热身运动、注意饮水以及穿合适的衣物等。

1．C　[根据该段小标题Warm up, cool down以及空后的“Your muscles need some time to warm up”可知，C项符合语境。]

2．E　[根据段落小标题Drink water并结合空前一句“So be sure to drink water before, during and after cold­weather workouts”可知，E项“不要等到你感到口渴的时候才喝水”符合语境，衔接上文。]

3．A　[根据空处所在位置以及文章结构可知，空处为段落小标题；通读该段可知，本段主要是讲跑步时的穿着，故选A项。]

4．G　[空处所在段讲的是冬季室外跑步的着装要求，故G项与此处匹配。]

5．F　[根据本段的小标题Run into the wind并结合空后一句可知，跑步回家时顺着风，让风在你背后推着你走，故F项符合语境。]

Ⅲ.语法填空

(2019·陕西省部分学校摸底检测)Many of my friends like fall and take it as their favorite season. Last weekend, I went outdoors and soon 1.        (find) a deeper appreciation for this season.

The change of leaf colors is a common reason given 2.         the love of fall. Each tree reacts 3.        (different) to the change of the season. Some shed their leaves in hopes of reproducing; however, other 4.        (tree) remain green for as long as possible to gain additional energy from the sun to survive the winter. This effect 5.        (call) the flight­or­fight response.

Fall is a time of 6.        (reflect) and preparation for the year ahead. I have found a meaning of fall for me. I'm 7.         18­year­old boy in the final year of high school and my life is a work in progress. There are times I want to give up, but then I look around me and realize life keeps 8.        (move). The natural cycle of life is beautiful and doesn't stop growing so I have to learn to keep up.

The meaning of fall is different for each person. I encourage you 9.        (go) out to follow some path or sidewalk and discover 10.         fall means to you.

【语篇解读】　作者喜欢秋天这个季节，它是作者反思和准备未来的时刻，让作者保持前进。

1．found　[考查动词的时态。根据该句中的“Last weekend”和and前面的“went”可知，此处叙述发生在过去的事，故填found。]

2．for　[考查介词。根据语境并分析句子结构可知，此处用固定搭配the reason for...“……的原因”，故填介词for。]

3．differently　[考查词性转换。分析句子结构可知，此处用副词修饰动词reacts，故填differently。]

4．trees　[考查名词的单复数。根据语境并分析句子结构可知，此处other修饰名词复数，且谓语动词为复数，故填trees。]

5．is called　[考查动词的时态和语态。根据语境并分析句子结构可知，call和主语This effect是被动关系，且此处描述的是一种客观情况，应用一般现在时的被动语态，故填is called。]

6．reflection　[考查词性转换。of是介词，后面接名词、代词或者动名词作宾语，再结合空后的preparation可知，此处应填reflection。]

7．an　[考查冠词。此处泛指一个18岁的男孩，且所修饰单词的发音以元音音素开头，故填不定冠词an。]

8．moving　[考查非谓语动词。keep doing sth.意为“一直做某事，继续做某事”，为固定用法，故填moving。]

9．to go　[考查非谓语动词。encourage sb.to do sth.意为“鼓励某人做某事”，为固定用法，故填to go。]

10．what　[考查宾语从句。根据语境且分析句子结构可知，空处引导宾语从句，且在从句中作宾语，表示“什么”，故填what。]

Ⅳ.书面表达

(2019·安徽省五校联盟第二次质检)假定你是高三学生李华。你班的交换生Jim对中华传统文化感兴趣，准备下学期选修一门相关课程，向你征询建议。请给Jim写一封邮件，内容包括：

1．推荐一门选修课；

2．说明推荐的理由；

3．提出学习这门课程的建议。

注意：1.词数100左右；

2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。

【参考范文】

Dear Jim，

I am glad that you are interested in Chinese culture and eager to explore more.

I think the Ancient Poetry is your best choice. By learning Chinese ancient poems, you can have an extensive knowledge of history and culture in ancient China. Furthermore, you can feel the charm of the language by reading poems, which helps to improve your Chinese. To follow the course well, you'd better read and recite as many poems as possible.Besides, it is a good idea to search for related background knowledge so that you will fully understand the conception of poetry.

What do you think of the course? I am sure you will have a lot of fun from it.

Yours，

Li Hua