高考英语一轮复习课时提能练38-8 Unit 3 inventors and inventions含答案

  课时提能练(三十八)

Unit 3　Inventors and inventions

课时作业A：基础层面

Ⅰ.语境语法填空

A

Most pupils have 1.expectations (expect) that they can participate in varieties of 2.practical (practice) activities off campus. Many student 3.associations (associate) often organize such activities, offering great 4.convenience (convenient) for the pupils. However, experts and parents are 5.cautious (caution) about pupils taking part in social activities. Pupils are 6.innocent (innocence), and they are easily taken in. Besides, many often ignore their security when 7.merrily (merry) involved in these activities. Schools must warn their pupils not to trust those who take interest in them 8.abruptly (abrupt) but hesitate to show their 9.identification (identify) cards.

B

Li Hua called me 10.up on the phone, asking if I could go with him for a hike the next day. I told him to hang 11.on for a while and then I set 12.about checking my schedule to see if I would be available. It was beyond 13.my expectations that I would have no other appointment. So I accepted his invitation. That evening, we set 14.out to make necessary preparations for the hike. Based on the weather forecast, we decided 15.on bringing raincoats with us 16.in case it rained.

C

There being no customers at this hour, my mother closed her shop. Before long she appeared in front of me. “Drink the milk 17.before it becomes cold and then go to sleep，” she said to me. A competition was to take place the next day. 18.Being (be) very good at science subjects, I had a good chance of gaining high grades. 19.Convinced (convince) that I would not let her down, she still expected me to sleep well and refresh my mind before the competition. “Don't stay up too late, 20.or you'll feel tired tomorrow.”

Ⅱ.语境短文改错

根据P25课文内容，对下面材料进行修改。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。

Alexander Graham Bell born in 1847 in Scotland. When he was young, his family moves to Boston, USA. His mother was almost entire deaf. After that, he became interested in help deaf people communicate and in deaf education. He found that by pressing his lips against his mother's forehead, he could make the bones move in so a way that she could understand that he was saying. It was this exploring around problems which led to his inventions. What's more, he was in the truth a continuing searcher. I improved the quality of everybody's life by finding much practical solutions.

[答案]　

Alexander Graham Bell  born in 1847 in Scotland. When he was young, his family  to Boston, USA. His mother was almost  deaf. After that, he became interested in  deaf people communicate and in deaf education. He found that by pressing his lips against his mother's forehead, he could make the bones move in  a way that she could understand  he was saying. It was this exploring around problems  led to his inventions. What's more, he was in truth a continuing searcher.  improved the quality of everybody's life by finding  practical solutions.

Ⅲ.根据提示补全句子

1．课堂上认真听老师讲课，否则你就无法理解他说的是什么。(祈使句＋or＋陈述句)

Listen to the teacher carefully in class, or you can't understand what he is saying.

2．白求恩大夫挽救了那么多中国士兵的生命，以至于他被中国人民永远地记住了。(so ...that ...)

Doctor Bethune saved so many Chinese soldiers that he was remembered by the Chinese forever.

3．除非加以修改，否则这条法律将给农民的生活造成困难。(连词＋分词)

Unless changed, this law will make life difficult for farmers.

4．只有所有国家的人们联合起来，我们才能解决世界上现存的一些问题。(only开头的倒装句)

Only if people of all the countries are united will we be able to solve/can we solve some existing problems in the world.

5．这个世界上对他来说似乎没有什么是不可能的事情。(there seem ...)

There seems to be nothing that seems impossible for him in the world.

课时作业B：能力层面

Ⅰ.阅读理解

A

(2019·湖南省六校联考)Not only does the use of plastic water bottles hurt your wallet，it also increases pollution and wastes energy and water. Only 23% of all plastic in America ends up in a recycling bin, meaning over $1 billion worth of plastic is treated as rubbish a year. Recently，Skipping Rocks Lab has invented a kind of water bottle called Ooho.

It is a convenient, clear water bottle that can either be drunk or eaten. To drink it, you can either peel off the membrane(薄膜) or tear a hole in the membrane with your teeth to pour the water into your mouth. To eat it, you simply put the whole bottle in your mouth. One problem the scientists have run into is how to ship lots of Ooho bubbles without arriving with a very wet truck. However, they have attempted to package units of individual bubbles together inside a larger and thicker membrane. It is targeting large outdoor events such as marathons，music festivals，and sporting events，where tons of plastic bottles are used, and frequently left behind as litter. And too much plastic is sure to do harm to the environment, which could account for their purpose of such a new invention.

The team has been working for the past two years to develop the technology and materials needed to produce Ooho; they have recently applied for a patent for their new advancement. The price for an individual bubble or a unit of bubbles has not been set yet，but they cost about two cents to create a unit，which is cheaper than plastic bottles. It has appeared at events in London，San Francisco，Boston，at conferences，festivals，and so on.

Ooho is catching many people's attention and has raised over $1 million and gained 1，000 investors in only three days. It is mostly being sold at events at the moment to keep the consumer's interest when the production machine is running. It is quickly making a rise, so keep an eye out this year for these bottles of the future.

【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文。由于塑料瓶的使用不但浪费金钱，还造成环境污染，Skipping Rocks Lab发明了一种可以食用的包装材料Ooho。本文介绍了Ooho的食用方法，运输方法以及制作成本，并展望了其市场前景。

1．How is most plastic dealt with in America?

A．It's sold.

B．It's recycled.

C．It's buried.

D．It's wasted.

D　[细节理解题。根据第一段第二句“Only 23% of all plastic in America ends up in a recycling bin, meaning over $1 billion worth of plastic is treated as rubbish a year”可知，在美国只有23%的塑料最终回到回收站，这意味着价值超过10亿美元的塑料被视为垃圾。据此可知，在美国，大部分塑料被当成垃圾处理了，故D项正确。]

2．Why did the team invent Ooho?

A．To make a profit for a company.

B．To protect the environment.

C．To make people eat as they drink.

D．To reduce the cost of the plastic bottle.

B　[细节理解题。根据第二段尾句“And too much plastic is sure to do harm to the environment, which could account for their purpose of such a new invention”可知，由于塑料瓶的使用污染了环境，故Skipping Rocks Lab发明了一种可以食用的包装材料Ooho，故B项正确。]

3．What can we infer about Ooho from the text?

A．It is easy and safe to ship it in large amounts.

B．It has become popular since it began to be sold.

C．It might be sold at a lower price than plastic bottles.

D．It cost the team a lot of money to develop the technology.

C　[推理判断题。根据第三段第二句“The price for an individual bubble or a unit of bubbles has not been set yet，but they cost about two cents to create a unit，which is cheaper than plastic bottles”可知，该产品的制造成本比塑料瓶低；据此可推知，该产品的售价也可能比塑料瓶低，故C项正确。]

4．What does the author really want to say in the last paragraph?

A．Ooho is to be a success in the future.

B．Ooho is being supported by smart people.

C．Ooho is taking the place of plastic bottles now.

D．Ooho is being produced to attract more investors.

A　[推理判断题。根据尾段第一句“Ooho is catching many people's attention and has raised over $1 million and gained 1，000 investors in only three days”可知，Ooho吸引了很多人的注意，在三天时间内就得到了1 000位投资者的关注，筹集到100多万美元；再结合最后一句“It is quickly making a rise，so keep an eye out this year for these bottles of the future”可推知，作者最后一段想要表达的是，在未来Ooho一定能获得成功，故A项正确。]

B

(2019·石家庄市高中毕业班模拟考试一)At 9：30 a．m. on a Wednesday morning, I received a notification(通知) that I'd already picked up my phone 30 times that day! “11 left until you go over your goal of 41 pickups，” my screen read. “Put your phone down until 9：52 a．m.! Enjoy your time living in the moment.”

These updates were sent via Moment, an app that tracks the screen time, created by Kevin Holesh in 2014 to fight his own device addiction. He was working as an independent app developer, spending hours each day staring at screens. After work, Holesh found that he was looking mindlessly online instead of talking to his wife or taking his dogs for a walk.

“I wanted a way of seeing how much time I was sinking into my phone，” he said. “So I came up with something that could monitor my screen time.” Holesh found that he was spending 75 minutes on his phone a day. He added a function to the app that informed him whenever his screen time was more than 40 minutes. “My phone would make a sound like a bee, and I'd go and do something else. It was like something pushing me in the right direction，” he said. Holesh figured that if the system worked for him, it would work for others, and later that year he made Moment a free app. To date, it has been downloaded 8 million times.

Besides, Moment also has a “coach” function, offering guided programs to help users focus and be more productive，for $7.99 a month.

“I am so much happier, I sleep better, I read more, I take better care of myself, and most of all I am present in my day­to­day life，” Jack, a user said. Similar comments on Moment reflect a growing consciousness around “digital wellness”， the name given to lifestyle practices that encourage healthy device use.

【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了一种名为“Moment”的手机软件，该软件可以对超时使用手机的人发出提醒，让人们合理使用设备。文章主要介绍了这款软件的发明过程和功能，以及用户对它的评价。

5．What does the inspiration of Moment come from?

A．The creator's own experience.

B．The sound made by honey bees.

C．Complaints from family members.

D．The widespread digital addiction.

A　[细节理解题。根据第二段第一句“These updates were sent via Moment, an app that tracks the screen time, created by Kevin Holesh in 2014 to fight his own device addiction”，并结合该段其他内容和第三段可知，该软件的发明源于Kevin Holesh自己的经历，故A项正确。]

6．What does Moment do at the expected screen time?

A．Monitor the screen and keep a record.

B．Make a noise to remind the user.

C．Turn off the phone immediately.

D．Force the user to take a rest.

B　[细节理解题。根据第三段中的“He added a function to the app that informed him whenever his screen time was more than 40 minutes” “My phone would make a sound like a bee, and I'd go and do something else”可知，如果超时使用手机，则这款软件会使手机发出声音来提醒使用者，故B项正确。]

7．What does the author intend to do in Paragraph 4?

A．Persuade readers to buy the app.

B．Provide readers with some advice.

C．Recommend a coach to the readers.

D．Introduce more information of the app.

D　[写作意图题。根据第四段的内容可知，该软件还具有“教练”功能，提供一些指导方案，让用户注意力集中，更有效率，并结合上文介绍的该软件的超时使用手机的提醒功能可推知，在第四段作者旨在介绍该软件的更多信息，故D项正确。]

8．In which part of a website will you find this text?

A．Fashion and Business.

B．Sports and Entertainment.

C．Health and Lifestyle.

D．Art and Design.

C　[推理判断题。通读全文可知，本文主要介绍了一种名为“Moment”的手机软件，该软件可以对超时使用手机的人发出提醒，让人们合理使用设备，拥有更有益于健康的生活方式。据此可推知，本文最有可能摘自健康和生活方式版块，故C项正确。]

Ⅱ.完形填空

(2019·沈阳市教学质量监测一)Jayce began noticing when he was in kindergarten that he looked different from his classmates. They had two arms. He had one.

It started when one boy   1  him, said his mother, Lewis. He'd return to his home with questions：“Why am I   2   ? Why me？” His mother recalled he was actually sad and that it was a heavy   3   to his heart.

Lewis   4   she didn't know what to do at that point. A few weeks later, Lewis turned on the TV and saw a news story about an eighth grader, Trashaun, becoming an Internet hit after   5   videos of his slam dunks(灌篮), and, like Jayce, he   6   most of his left arm. Lewis called Jayce in. To her surprise, Jayce was immediately   7  . At the time, it seemed that watching Trashaun was   8   an inspiring moment for Jayce—he saw a role model with a similar   9  . If it had stayed just that, Lewis would have been happy enough. But little did she know that a family friend had already   10   to the newspaper to help set up a   11   with Trashaun to build Jayce's confidence.

The boys met and instantly   12   with each other as both of them were in the same condition. They rode bikes, took photos, and played basketball on the court. Instead of spending the whole day feeling   13   for themselves, they had a lot of fun. However, Trashaun did get   14   with Jayce sometimes. They talked about his left arm. He told Jayce he was perfect the way he was made. He also told him not to let anyone   15   him and not to let those words shake his   16  ．

Since that meeting, Lewis has seen a noticeable   17   in her son. As for Trashaun, his relationship with Jayce made him   18   to help more kids. “Honestly, it   19   a lot to know that I changed Jayce's life，” Trashaun says. Still, he never dreamed that his   20   would have such an impact. “I just thought my friends would see them, and be like, ‘Oh, he dunked it！’”

He certainly did.

【语篇解读】　本文是一篇记叙文，主要讲述了Trashaun帮助Jayce重拾信心的故事。

1．A.supported　　　 B．teased

C．cheated D．pleased

B　[根据第一段可知，Jayce在幼儿园时注意到自己和同班同学不一样，因为他只有一只胳膊，结合下文中的“he was actually sad and that it was a heavy          to his heart”可推知，此处是说Jayce因为缺少一只胳膊而被一个男孩嘲笑(teased)，故选B。]

2．A.lonely B．silly

C．different D．ordinary

C　[根据语境可知，Jayce不明白自己为什么与别人不同(different)，故选C。]

3．A.duty B．breath

C．debt D．blow

D　[根据上文Jayce被嘲笑并结合语境可推知，缺少一只胳膊不仅让Jayce很难过，而且这对其心灵是一个沉重的打击(blow)，故选D。]

4．A.argued B．promised

C．suspected D．admitted

D　[根据语境可推知，当时Lewis承认(admitted)她并不知道应该做些什么(来帮助她的儿子)，故选D。]

5．A.downloading B．posting

C．buying D．watching

B　[根据语境可知，Trashaun把自己的灌篮视频发布(posting)到网上后走红，故选B。]

6．A.lost B．hurt

C．used D．recovered

A　[根据该句中的“like Jayce”和“most of his left arm”，并结合上文Jayce少了一只胳膊可知，Trashaun的境况和Jayce一样，他失去(lost)了大部分左胳膊，故选A。]

7．A.satisfied B．confused

C．bored D．attracted

D　[根据下文中的“At the time, it seemed that watching Trashaun was          an inspiring moment for Jayce”可推知，Jayce立刻被Trashaun的故事吸引(attracted)了，故选D。]

8．A.hardly B．simply

C．still D．never

B　[根据下文中的“If it had stayed just that, Lewis would have been happy enough”可推知，当时看Trashaun(的视频)对Jayce来说只(simply)是一个鼓舞人心的时刻，故选B。]

9．A.response B．family

C．problem D．education

C　[根据语境可推知，Jayce缺少一只胳膊，Trashaun失去了大部分左胳膊，故此处指他们两个有类似的问题，故选C。]

10．A.reached out B．looked out

C．got out D．turned out

A　[根据语境可知，Lewis的一位朋友已经联系了报社来帮助安排Jayce和Trashaun的会面(meeting)，从而增强Jayce的自信心，故选A。]

11．A.game B．fighting

C．trap D．meeting

D　[参见上题解析。]

12．A.bonded B．competed

C．parted D．raced

A　[根据下文中的“They rode bikes, took photos, and played basketball on the court”可推知，两个男孩拥有相同的境况，很快建立了互信关系。bond with sb.“建立(与某人的)互信关系”，为固定搭配，故选A。]

13．A.happy B．grateful

C．sorry D．fearful

C　[根据语境“Instead of”可推知，此处与下文的“fun”形成对比，故选C。]

14．A.angry B．serious

C．tough D．familiar

B　[根据空前的“However”与下文中的“They talked about his left arm”可推知，Trashaun有时也会和Jayce有严肃的时刻，他们会谈论他的左胳膊，故选B。]

15．A.approach B．comfort

C．discourage D．leave

C　[根据语境可推知，此处是Trashaun在鼓励Jayce，告诉他不要让任何人使自己气馁(discourage)，也不要让其他人的话动摇自己的信心(confidence)，故选C。]

16．A.confidence B．patience

C．sadness D．honesty

A　[参见上题解析。]

17．A.advantage B．scar

C．drawback D．change

D　[根据下文“‘Honestly, it          a lot to know that I changed Jayce's life，’ Trashaun says” 可推知，自从那次会面后，Jayce发生了显著的变化，故选D。]

18．A.expect B．agree

C．hesitate D．refuse

A　[根据下文中的“‘Honestly, it          a lot to know that I changed Jayce's life，’ Trashaun says”可推知，通过和Jayce的交往，Trashaun了解到自己改变了Jayce，这让他期望(expect)能够帮助更多的孩子，故选A。]

19．A.cares B．means

C．saves D．takes

B　[结合上题解析可推知，了解到自己改变了Jayce对Trashaun来讲意义重大，故选B。]

20．A.attitudes B．words

C．videos D．disabilities

C　[根据下文中的“I just thought my friends would see them, and be like, ‘Oh, he dunked it！’”可推知，此处指的是Trashaun之前上传到网上的视频，故选C。]