课时作业4

Ⅰ.阅读下列各句，在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的适当形式。

1．________ (judge)from his face on which there was a confident smile, we knew that he didn't lose heart.

2．This ________ (injure) could mean him missing tomorrow's 110 meter hurdles.

3．On seeing the ________ scene, the little girl was so ________ that she burst out crying. (frighten)

4．On arriving there, we expressed our ________ (congratulate) to him on his success.

5．We refuse to sign any treaty that is against our ________ (nation) interests.

6．It was an ________ (extreme) difficult and dangerous task.

7．Lacking confidence and the necessary equipment, they failed to rescue the 45 miners ________ (trap) in the coal mine.

8．Her  ________ (dirt) clothes made her embarrassed.

9．The tracks became  ________ (use) because of the earthquake.

10．Never will we forget the war and the ________ (suffer) it caused to the people.

11．I can't imagine  ________ (live) without water.

12．The meeting was ________  an end at ten o'clock.

13．Why don't you bring it to his attention that you are too busy ________ (do) it?

14．Don't leave the water ________ (run) while you brush your teeth.

15．He was proud ________ his hometown and took pride ________ the achievement he had made.

16. ________  seems as if you and your wife have very different views about money.

17. ________  (bury) in doing research on wild plants, he seldom returned home.

18．The survivors ________ houses were destroyed put up in the temporary tents.

19．The number of people who were killed  ________ (reach) more than 40，000 so far.

20．Seeing his funny action, the audience burst out ________ (laugh)．

答案

1．Judging　2.injury　3.frightening; frightened

4．congratulations　5.national　6.extremely

7．trapped　8.dirty　9.useless　10.sufferings

11．living　12.at　13.to do　14.running　15.of; in

16．It　17.Buried　18.whose　19.has reached

20．laughing

Ⅱ.阅读理解

A

(2019年河北衡水中学期中考试)

Rain beat against the window, matching my mood. I should have known that my new job at the hospital was too good to be true. Throughout the day, rumors (传言) warned that the newest employee from each department would be laid off. I was the newest one in the training department.

My boss appeared. “You probably know we're cutting back，” he said. “Administration wants us to offer outplacement classes to help those employees find other jobs, showing them how to act in an interview, for example.” “Fine，” I answered unwillingly, not knowing what else to say.

I decided to go home early that day. In the hall, I met the lady who brought us cookies every Friday. She was a little woman with gray hair. Only her head and the top of her green apron were visible over the cart (小车) loaded with cleaning supplies. At least she had a job!

At the final meeting, laid­off workers formed a line at the door. A colleague whispered, “I can't believe our Cookie Lady is being laid off. We'll miss her as much as we'll miss her cookies.” When the colleague spoke to her in Spanish, I knew my classes would be useless for her and I realized how much better off was than this poor woman.

I decided to do something for her. I wrote to a newspaper expressing how I felt about the unselfishness of the Cookie Lady who needed a job. A few days later, my article appeared in the newspaper and the Cookie Lady was allowed to stay in her position. On the same day, I received a letter, which seemed so unlikely that I read it twice. “An editor of a local magazine likes your piece and wants you to call her next time you're looking for work...”

1．How did the author feel on that rainy day?

A．Nervous.      B．Excited.

C．Awkward.     D．Proud.

2．What was the author asked to do?

A．Take care of patients.

B．Leave earlier that day.

C．Resign from the hospital.

D．Help the laid­off workers.

3．How did the author help the Cookie Lady?

A．He offered her a high­paid job.

B．He gave her advice on job hunting.

C．He made her story known to others.

D．He taught her how to pass an interview.

4．What does the story tell us?

A．Good deeds have their rewards.

B．A friend in need is a friend indeed.

C．Little people can make a big difference.

D．Love brings more joy to people than work does.

答案与解析

本文为故事类。作者作为新人，面临着公司的裁员，作者因为写了关于一个需要一份工作来养家糊口的女士的事故，让其得到工作，而自己的文章也得到了本地杂志的邀请信。作者的经历告诉我们：善行总归有好报的。

1．A　推理判断题。根据文章第一段最后一句Throughout the day, rumors (传言) warned that the newest employee from each department would be laid off. I was the newest one in the training department.可知，在这个雨天，因为作者的单位正在减员，“谣传每个部门的最新雇员将被解雇。我是培训部最新的一个作者也是其中之一”，所以作者的心里应当是很紧张的，分析选项可知A正确。

2．D　细节理解题。根据第二段老板的话Administration wants us to offer outplacement classes to help those employees find other jobs, showing them how to act in an interview, for example可知，老板想请他给下岗工人上课，告诉他们在面试中如何做，即帮助那些下岗工人找到新工作，分析选项可知D项符合题意，故选D项。

3．C　细节理解题。根据第五段首句“I decided to do something for her. I wrote to a newspaper expressing how I felt about the unselfishness of the Cookie Lady who needed a job”可知作者写信给一家报纸，写了有关这位女士的故事，分析选项可知C项正确。

4．A　推理判断题。本文作者面临着公司对新人的裁员，作者因为写了关于一个需要一份工作来养家糊口的女士的故事，让其得到工作，而自己的文章也得到了本地杂志的邀请信。这说明了善行总归有好报的。分析选项，A.Good deeds have their rewards. 善行必有回报。B.A friend in need is a friend indeed. 患难朋友才是真朋友。C.Little people can make a big difference.小人物大作为。D.Love brings more joy to people than work does. 爱带给人们更多的快乐，而不是工作。可知A符合题意。

B

At your next meeting, wait for a pause in conversation and try to measure how long it lasts.

Among English speakers, chances are that it will be a second or two at most. But while this pattern may be universal, our awareness of silence differs dramatically across cultures.

What one culture considers a confusing or awkward pause may be seen by others as a valuable moment of reflection and sign of respect for what the last speaker has said. Research in Dutch and also in English found that when a silence in conversation stretches to four seconds, people start to feel uneasy. In contrast, a separate study of business meetings found that Japanese people are happy with silences of 8.2 seconds — nearly twice as long as in Americans' meetings.

In Japan, it is recognized that the best communication is when you don't speak at all. It's already a failure to understand each other by speaking because you're repairing that failure by using words.

In the US, it may originate from the history of colonial (殖民地) America as a crossroads of many different races. When you have a complex of difference, it's hard to establish common understanding unless you talk and there's understandably a kind of anxiety unless people are verbally engaged to establish a common life. This applies also to some extent to London.

In contrast, when there's more homogeneity,_perhaps it's easier for some kinds of silence to appear. For example, among your closest friends and family it's easier to sit in silence than with people you're less well acquainted with.

5．Which of the following people might have the longest silence in conversation?

A．The Dutch.      B．Americans.

C．The English.      D．The Japanese.

6．What might the Japanese agree with in a conversation?

A．Speaking more gives the upper hand.

B．Speak out what you have in your mind.

C．Great minds think alike without words.

D．The shorter talking silence, the better.

7．What can we learn from the text?

A．A four second silence in conversation is universal.

B．It's hard for Americans to reach a common agreement.

C．English speakers are more talkative than Japanese speakers.

D．The closer we and our family are, the easier the silence appears.

8．What does the underlined word “homogeneity” in the last paragraph mean?

A．Similarity.    B．Contradiction.

C．Diversity.    D．Misunderstanding.

答案与解析

本文主要讲述了谈话中的沉默文化。尽管交谈中出现停顿是普遍存在的，但我们对沉默的认识在不同的文化中有着巨大的差异。不同的文化中沉默时间不同，对于沉默的看法也不同。相比而言，亲密的朋友和家人之间更容易出现沉默。

5．D　细节理解题。根据第二段首句“Among English speakers, chances are that it will be a second or two at most.”第三段最后两句“Research in Dutch (荷兰语)and also in English found that when a silence in conversation stretches to four seconds, people start to feel uneasy. In contrast, a separate study of business meetings found that Japanese people are happy with silences of 8.2 seconds—nearly twice as long as in Americans' meetings.”可知，日本人可能在谈话中有最长沉默。故选D。

6．C　推理判断题。根据第四段首句“In Japan, it is recognized that the best communication is when you don't speak at all.”可知，在日本，一般认为最好的交流是一句话不说的时候。因此推断日本人认为“伟大的心灵，无言而思”。故选C。

7．D　推理判断题。根据文章最后一句“For example, among your closest friends and family it's easier to sit in silence than with people you're less well acquainted with.”可知，亲密的人之间更容易出现沉默，因此我们和家人越亲密，沉默越容易出现。故选D。

8．A　词句猜测题。根据下文的举例可知，越亲密的人，越容易出现沉默，因此推断画线句句意是：相比而言，当有更多相似时，也许沉默更容易出现。故画线词意思与similarity意义相近。故选A。

C

Next month, I'm traveling to a remote area of Central Africa and my aim is to know enough Lingala — one of the local languages — to have a conversation. I wasn't sure how I was going to manage this — until I discovered a way to learn all the vocabulary I'm going to need. Thanks to Memrise, the app I'm using. It feels just like a game.

“People often stop learning things because they feel they're not making progress or because it all feels like too much hard work，” says Ed Cooke, one of the people who created Memrise. “We're trying to create a form of learning experience that is fun and is something you'd want to do instead of watching TV.”

Memrise gives you a few new words to learn and these are “seeds” which you plant in your “greenhouse”. When you practice the words, you “water your plants”. When the app believes that you have really remembered a word, it moves the word to your “garden”. And if you forget to log on (登录)，the app sends you emails that remind you to “water_your_plants”．

The app uses two principles about learning. The first is that people remember things better when they link them to a picture in their mind. Memrise translates words into your own language, but it also encourages you to use “mems”. For example, I memorized motele, the Lingala word for “engine”， using a mem I created — I imagined an old engine in a motel (汽车旅馆) room.

The second principle is that we need to stop after studying words and then repeat them again later, leaving time between study sessions. Memrise helps you with this, because it's the kind of app you only use for five or ten minutes a day.

I've learnt hundreds of Lingala words with Memrise. I know this won't make me a fluent speaker, but I hope I'll be able to do more than just smile when I meet people in Congo. Now, I need to go and water my vocabulary!

9．What does Ed Cooke make an effort to do with Memrise?

A．Create memorable experiences.

B．Make progress with hard work.

C．Master languages through games.

D．Combine study with entertainment.

10．What do the underlined words “water your plants” in Paragraph 3 refer to?

A．Learning new words.

B．Being a Memrise user.

C．Logging on to the app.

D．Taking care of your garden.

11．How does Memrise work?

A．By linking different mems together.

B．By putting knowledge into practice.

C．By offering human translation services.

D．By applying an associative memory approach.

12．What is the author's attitude towards Memrise?

A．Positive.      B．Doubtful.

C．Uncaring.     D．Disapproving.

答案与解析

本文为应用说明文。作者介绍了一种学习应用程序Memrise，这是一种寓教于乐的学习单词的方法，主要运用联想记忆，通过游戏的方式来完成的。

9．D　推理判断题。根据文章第一段Thanks to Memrise, the app I'm using. It feels just like a game.可知，Memrise我正在使用的应用程序。感觉就像是一场游戏。第二和第三段叙述Memrise是一种有趣的学习体验，即把娱乐和想要学习的东西结合在一起的体验，以及它是如何操作。分析选项可知D项符合题意。

10．A　猜测词意题。根据第三段的内容可知，Memrise给你一些新单词来学习，这些是你在“温室”中种植的“种子”。当你练习单词时，你就是在“浇灌你的植物”。由此可知，练习单词，“就是浇灌你的植物”， 由此可推断出“water your plants”即在学习新单词，故选A。

11．D　推理判断题。根据第四段中The app uses two principles about learning. The first is that people remember things better when they link them to a picture in their mind... For example, I memorized motele, the Lingala word for “engine”， using a mem I created — I imagined an old engine in a motel (汽车旅馆) room.的句意“应用程序使用两个关于学习的原则。首先，运用联想记忆，他们会记得更好……例如，我记住了motele，Lingala的“引擎”一词，使用我创建的一个mem——我想象着汽车旅馆(汽车旅馆)房间里的一个旧引擎 ”。由此可知Memrise是通过运用联想记忆的方法来进行学习的。分析选项可知D项符合题意。

12．A　推理判断题。根据最后一段可知，作者叙述了自己运用Memrise应用程序学习好几百的林加拉语，希望自己与当地人相遇时可以用当地语言来交流。现在要去用Memrise来学习单词。由此可推断出作者认为这个程序对自己有益，所以对此抱积极的态度。分析选项可知A正确。