课时作业8

Ⅰ.阅读下列各句，在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的适当形式。

1．Scientists say it may be five or six years ________ it is possible to test this medicine on human patients.

2．The task is very difficult.I wonder ________ we will be able to finish it in the absence of any other helpers.

3. ________  time went by，I came to realize that my parents could not always stand by me.

4. ________ fast is the city developing that you can never imagine what will be like tomorrow.

5．Can you ________ (simple)the language a little？It's difficult to understand.

6．Finding information in today's　world is easy.The challenge is ________  you can tell if the information is useful or not.

7．The father as well as his three children ________ (go)skating on the frozen river every Sunday afternoon in winter.

8．The girl got off the bus, ________ (hurry)into the nearest house and called her friend for help.

9．The scientists are beating their brains，trying to come up with a  ________ (solve)to the problem.

10．From that time ________， he devoted all his life to the cause of liberation of the working class.

11．It was generally believed that the show was not as successful as expected，but  ________ (person)，I think it was a great success.

12．The computer was used in teaching.As ________ result，not only was teachers' energy saved，but students became more interested in the lessons.

13．It is   a truth  ________ (universal)acknowledged that when one has gained material wealth，he'll seek for spiritual enjoyment.

14．In ________ way，her health is much improved，but she's still not really well.

15．When the question  ________ (arise)at the meeting，no one could answer it.

16. ________  the help of the new teacher，the number of the students in my class who has made great progress in English so far is far larger.

17．Can you write about a challenging situation which you once faced in your life and ________  you dealt with it?

18．The farmers there used dogs to watch ________ their sheep at night.

19．It might rain，but  ________，I shall go out；I don't mind the rain.

20．A small plane crashed into a hillside five miles east of the city, ________ (kill)all the four people on board.

答案

1．before　2.whether/if　3.As　4.So　5.simplify

6．how　7.goes　8.hurried　9.solution　10.on

11．personally　12.a　13.universally　14.a　15.arose

16．With　17.how　18.over　19.anyhow/anyway

20．killing

Ⅱ.阅读理解

A

Even if you don't have to work, eat or sleep, you won't be able to get through all information on blogs and social networks. The problem we face is that much of this information seems very interesting at first glance. Actually, much of the information is unimportant, disposable and it distracts(分心)us from more meaningful pursuits. Worse still, when we spend lots of time consuming information from our social media streams, we may find it hard to concentrate on what we're doing and we have a tendency to forget what we have consumed anyway.

A new study from Sweden's KTH Royal Institute of Technology has found that too much social media exposure actually reduces your ability to process information and depletes your short term working memory.

Our working memory plays a critical role in our capacity to filter information and remember what is valuable but it is not a limitless resource. Erik Fransén, a professor in Computer Science at KTH and the leader of this new study on social media overload says this can explain why our capacity for processing information begins to fail when we attempt to stuff more information in the working memory.

In fact, when you try to process the information like speech or video, you are going to need partly the same system of working memory, so you are reducing your own working memory capacity. And when you try to store many things in your working memory, you get less good at processing information.

It is the periods of downtime of your brain—preferably disconnected from the distractions of your computer or smartphone—that are needed for memory consolidation and transferring important information to your exposure to new information. Besides, you can empty your mind of thoughts quickly to relax completely, go for a short walk or spends few minutes listening to music. This will help you improve your capacity to process information and increase your productivity.

1．What can we learn about social media overload from Paragraph 1?

A．It distracts our attention.

B．It is beneficial to us.

C．It brings us whatever we want.

D．It keeps us informed of everything.

2．Why does your capacity for processing information begin  to fall sometimes?

A．Much of the information is unimportant.

B．You don't make the most of your brain.

C．You're less good at processing information.

D．Your working memory is a limited source.

3．What does the underline word “downtime” in the last paragraph probably mean?

A．Support.      B．Relaxation.

C．Increase.      D．Loss.

4．Which is recommended to relax your brain?

A．Listening to music for a while.

B．Thinking over things carefully.

C．Taking enough physical exercise.

D．Focusing more on the present.

答案与解析

本文讲述了社交媒体会给我们提供很多的信息，这些信息大部分没有用处，甚至会扰乱我们的注意力。同时我们的工作记忆也不是无限的，需要我们整合信息，清空思绪，以便更好地提高处理信息和提高生产率的能力。

1．A　推理判断题。根据文章第一段Actually, much of the information is unimportant, disposable and it distracts(分心)us from more meaningful pursuits.大部分信息是不重要的，一次性的，它分散我们更有意义的追求，可知社交媒体分散了我们的精力，故选A。

2．D　推理判断题。根据文章第三段Our working memory plays a critical role in our capacity to filter information and remember what is valuable but it is not a limitless resource. Erik Fransén, a professor in Computer Science at KTH and the leader of this new study on social media overload says this can explain why our capacity for processing information begins to fail when we attempt to stuff more information in the working memory.我们的工作记忆在过滤信息的能力中起着至关重要的作用，但是它并不是一个无限的资源。可知有时我们处理信息的能力降低是因为我们的记忆被限制，故选D。

3．B　词义猜测题。根据后边Besides, you can empty your mind of thoughts quickly to relax completely, go for a short walk or spends few minutes listening to music.清空思绪，完全放松自己，downtime是放松relaxation，故选B。

4．A　细节理解题。根据文章Besides, you can empty your mind of thoughts quickly to relax completely, go for a short walk or spends few minutes listening to music. This will help you improve your capacity to process information and increase your productivity.此外，你可以很快清空你的思绪，完全放松，走一小段路，或者花几分钟时间听音乐，这将帮助你提高处理信息和提高生产率的能力。故选A。

B

(2018年高考·课标全国卷Ⅲ)

While famous foreign architects are invited to lead the designs of landmark buildings in China such as the new CCTV tower and the National Center for the Performing Arts, many excellent Chinese architects are making great efforts to take the center stage.

Their efforts have been proven fruitful. Wang Shu, a 49­year­old Chinese architect, won the 2012 Pritzker Architecture Prize — which is often referred to as the Nobel Prize in architecture — on February 28. He is the first Chinese citizen to win this award.

Wang serves as head of the Architecture Department at the China Academy of Art (CAA). His office is located at the Xiangshan campus (校园) of the university in Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province. Many buildings on the campus are his original creations.

The style of the campus is quite different from that of most Chinese universities. Many visitors were amazed by the complex architectural space and abundant building types. The curves (曲线) of the buildings perfectly match the rise and fall of hills, forming a unique view.

Wang collected more than 7 million abandoned bricks of different ages. He asked the workers to use traditional techniques to make the bricks into walls, roofs and corridors. This creation attracted a lot of attention thanks to its mixture of modern and traditional Chinese elements (元素). 

Wang's works show a deep understanding of modern architecture and a good knowledge of traditions. Through such a balance, he had created a new type of Chinese architecture, said Tadao Ando, the winner of the 1995 Pritzker Prize.

Wang believes traditions should not be sealed in glass boxes at museums. “That is only evidence that traditions once existed，” he said.

“Many Chinese people have a misunderstanding of traditions. They think tradition means old things from the past. In fact, tradition also refers to the things that have been developing and that are still being created，” he said.

“Today, many Chinese people are learning Western styles and theories rather than focusing on Chinese traditions. Many people tend to talk about traditions without knowing what they really are，” said Wang.

The study of traditions should be combined with practice. Otherwise, the recreation of traditions would be artificial and empty, he said.

5．Wang's winning of the prize means that Chinese architects are  ________.

A．following the latest world trend

B．getting international recognition

C．working harder than ever before

D．relying on foreign architects

6．What impressed visitors to the CAA Xiangshan campus most?

A．Its hilly environment.    B．Its large size.

C．Its unique style.      D．Its diverse functions.

7．What made Wang's architectural design a success?

A．The mixture of different shapes.

B．The balance of East and West.

C．The use of popular techniques.

D．The harmony of old and new.

8．What should we do about Chinese traditions according to Wang?

A．Spread them to the world.

B．Preserve them at museums.

C．Teach them in universities.

D．Recreate them in practice.

答案与解析

本文是一篇夹叙夹议的文章，主要介绍了中国著名建筑师王澍的建筑作品实现了传统文化和现代建筑的和谐平衡，获得了国际认可。

5．B　推理判断题。本题题干意为“王澍获奖意味着中国建筑师……”。文章开头提到，当著名的外国建筑师主持建造新的中央电视塔和国家大剧院时，中国建筑师开始努力登上(国际建筑领域的)中心舞台。而王澍获得有 “建筑界的诺贝尔奖”之称的“普利兹克奖”，意味着中国建筑师的努力有了回报，开始获得国际认可。

6．C　事实细节题。根据第四段句首的主题句“The style of the campus is quite different from that of most Chinese universities.”及本段其他内容可知，中国美术学院象山校区给人留下的最深刻印象是其独特的建筑风格。

7．D　推理判断题。根据文章第六段，1995年“普利兹克建筑奖”获得者Tadao Ando对王澍作品的评价Wang's works show a deep understanding of modern architecture and a good knowledge of traditions. Through such a balance, he had created a new type of Chinese architecture可推断出，王澍既深刻理解现代建筑，又熟悉传统，他的作品实现了古今平衡，选项中转述为The harmony of old and new(古今的和谐)。

8．D　推理判断题。由文章最后一段中“The study of traditions should be combined with practice. Otherwise, the recreation of traditions would be artificial and empty”可知王澍认为应该把传统的东西和实践结合起来，否则，对传统的再创新就是虚假的，空洞的。由此可知，王澍认为对于传统文化，我们应该在实践中进行再创新(Recreate them in practice)。

Ⅲ.短文改错

(2018年高考·课标全国卷Ⅲ)

假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。

文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。

增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号(∧)，并在其下面写出该加的词。

删除：把多余的词用斜线(\划掉。

修改：在错的词下画一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。

注意：1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；

2．只允许修改10处，多者(从第11处起)不计分。

It was Monday morning, and the writing class had just begin. Everyone was silent, wait to see who would be called upon to read his and her paragraph aloud. Some of us were confident and eager take part in the class activity; others were nervous and anxious. I had done myself homework, but I was shy. I was afraid that to speak in front of a larger group of people. At that moment, I remembered that my father once said, “The classroom is a place for learning and that include learning from textbooks, and mistake as well.” Immediate, I raised my hand.

答案

Ⅳ.书面表达

假定你是李华，你的美国笔友Johnson来信说他因对父母说谎而受到严厉批评，因此他情绪低落。请你用英语给他写一封回信，主要内容包括：

1．进行安慰；

2．指正错误；

3．给出建议。

注意：1.词数100左右；

2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。

3．开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。

Dear Johnson，

I'm sorry to hear that you feel depressed now. ___________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Yours，

Li Hua

答案

Dear_Johnson，

I'm_sorry_to_hear_that_you_feel_depressed_now. Although it's a shame that you got punished severely by your parents, it's a useful experience and lesson for you. So you don't have to feel so depressed,  and just let it go.

As a high school student, it's wrong for you to lie to your parents. We have been taught to be honest since we were very young. We should behave honestly and be ourselves in daily life. In addition, if you get into trouble and need your parents' help, you'd better go ahead to say them out to them. In a word, don't make up any excuse and lie to your parents. I hope you can feel better and come back to the normal life.

Yours，

Li_Hua