高三一轮复习课时提能练16 4 Unit 1 women of achievement含答案

  课时提能练(十六)  必修4　Unit 1　Women of achievement

课时作业A：基础层面

Ⅰ.语境语法填空

A

A convincing speech 1.was delivered (deliver) by a psychologist at yesterday's conference 2.arguing (argue) about how parenting styles affect children's 3.behavior(behave). In his opinion, children must be punished when they fail 4.to observe (observe) public rules and regulations. If a child behaves well, he deserves to be praised and rewarded then and there. There are many experts 5.supporting (support) his viewpoint, saying that kids won't learn right from wrong if parents don't intend 6.to punish(punish)．

B

The library door is opened at 7 p．m. and the students come crowding 7.in. When evening falls, many students enter the library to read books 8.in connection with their courses. Some choose to refer 9.to reference books or dictionaries when they come 10.across problems in their studies. Some even carry 11.on their studies in the library till late into the night. They know success doesn't happen 12.by chance. Only by working hard now can they possibly avoid being looked down 13.upon and lead 14.an easy life in the future.

C

A man came 15.flying (fly) round the corner and bumped into me. He looked so familiar that I must have seen him somewhere. Suddenly 16.it hit me that he was just the criminal the police had wanted. What should I do? Trying to stop or catch him meant 17.putting (put) my life at risk. Fortunately, two policemen arrived soon and the man was arrested. Only then 18.did I feel my heart beating fast and my legs trembling slightly.

Ⅱ.根据提示补全句子

1．一旦你理解了规则，物理就不难学了。(once)

Physics is easy to learn once you understand the rules.

2．在那么重要的考试中他竟然查阅笔记，真是太愚蠢了。(refer to)

It was too foolish of him to refer to his notes during that important test.

3．你把钱花在有价值的事业上是明智的。(worthwhile)

It is wise of you to spend the money on a worthwhile career．

4．我忽然想起来忘了锁门了。(hit)

It hit me that I had left the door unlocked.

5．就我看来，只有通过努力学习你才能在学习上取得进步。

①As far as I'm concerned, only by studying hard will you make progress in your study. (倒装句)

②As far as I'm concerned, it is only by studying hard that you will make progress in your study. (强调句)

课时作业B：能力层面

Ⅰ.阅读理解

A

(2019·昆明市诊断测试)Who're happier, men or women? Research shows it's a complex question and that asking whether males or females are happier isn't really that helpful, because basically, happiness is different for women and men.

Women's happiness has been declining for the past 30 years, according to recent statistics. And research shows that women are twice as likely to experience depression compared with men. Gender (性别) differences in depression are well confirmed and studies have found that biological, psychological and social factors contribute to the difference.

Early studies on gender and happiness found men and women were socialized to express different feelings. Women are more likely to express happiness, warmth and fear, which help with social bonding and appear more consistent with the traditional role as a primary caregiver, while men display more anger, pride and disrespect, which are more consistent with a protector and provider role.

Recent research suggests that these differences are not just socially, but also genetically related. Studies have looked into these findings further and discovered that females use more areas of the brain containing mirror neurons (镜像神经元) than males when they process feelings. Mirror neurons allow us to experience the world from other people's view, to understand their actions and intentions. This may explain why women can experience deeper sadness. Women tend to experience more negative feelings, such as more guilt, shame and to a lesser degree, embarrassment.

Psychologically it seems men and women differ in the way they process and express feelings. With the exception of anger, women experience feelings more strongly and share their feelings more openly with others. Studies have found in particular that women express more appreciation—which has been linked to greater happiness. This supports the theory that women's happiness is more dependent on relationships than men's.

【语篇解读】　本文从社会、生理和心理三个方面介绍了男性和女性在幸福感上的差异。

1．Which feeling are men more likely to show compared with women?

A．Warmth.　　　　　 B．Depression.

C．Happiness. D．Disrespect.

D　[细节理解题。根据第三段最后一句中的“while men display more anger, pride and disrespect”可知，男性表现更多的是生气、骄傲和无礼，故选D。]

2．What factors cause women to share feelings more openly?

A．Psychological factors.

B．Biological factors.

C．Educational factors.

D．Social factors.

A　[细节理解题。根据最后一段的内容可知，本段从心理方面介绍了男性和女性在处理和表达感情方面的不同：与男性相比，女性更加公开地表露自己内心的情感。]

3．One can probably read the text from        ．

A．a science fiction

B．a culture brochure

C．a nursery guide

D．a health magazine

D　[推理判断题。根据本文内容可知，本文主要从社会、生理和心理三个方面分析了男性和女性在幸福感上的差异。由此可推知，本文有可能摘自一本健康杂志，故选D项。]

4．What is the text mainly about?

A．Men and women differ in biology and psychology.

B．Men and women experience happiness differently.

C．Social roles have a great effect on men and women.

D．Women's happiness has declined in the past years.

B　[主旨大意题。通读全文可知，本文从社会、生理和心理三个方面分析了男性和女性在幸福感上的差异，故B项最符合文意。]

B

(2019·成都市毕业班摸底测试)As evolution tends to remove waste, how come we evolved such large, energy­consuming brains? The dominant hypothesis(假设)suggests that tough social interactions are the driving force. But our new study done in an unusual way shows that human brain expansion is likely driven by ecology(生态)．

Scientists have tested the ecological and social hypotheses before. The common approach is to look at many species and investigate whether large brains are associated with specific problems. For example, do primates or other animals with large brains have a diet that is challenging to find but nutritionally rewarding? This would indicate an ecological origin. Or do they live in large groups where they face lots of social problems?

While many studies have found such associations, there is a problem. It cannot tell whether large brains evolved to solve the difficult problems or whether they evolved for other reasons and then enabled their bearers to deal with the hard problems.

To find out the causes of brain expansion, we recreated the scenarios(可能出现的情况) of the two hypotheses using a mathematical model. We found that a combination of ecological and social challenges do produce the brain size we see in humans. But it was ecological challenges that expanded brains. In contrast to the dominant view and our own expectation, we found that social challenges contributed by decreasing brain size. But you need both factors to get the brain size we see today—if there were no social challenges our brains would have been even larger but likely poorly suited to social life. Bigger isn't necessarily better.

But many animals face hard ecological problems. Why don't they all have large brains? We found that ecological problems only lead to human­sized brains when individuals can keep learning hard skills as they grow. So our results and those of others' suggest that hard ecology and the accumulation of cultural knowledge could act together to produce a human­sized brain.

Will the human brain expand further? The complexity of the systems involved makes it impossible to say much with certainty at present.

【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文。科学研究发现，人类大脑的大小是由生态环境和文化知识的积累的共同作用决定的；大脑并非越大越好，如果大脑过大，则人类将无法适应社会交往活动。

5．In most people's view, what makes human evolve large brains?

A．Social challenges.

B．Social and ecological challenges.

C．Ecological challenges.

D．Competition with other large animals.

A　[细节理解题。根据第一段第二句“The dominant hypothesis(假设)suggests that tough social interactions are the driving force”并结合第一段内容可知，大部分人认为棘手的社会交往活动是人类大脑进化的动力，故A项正确。]

6．What's the problem of the common approach?

A．Its model is not reliable enough.

B．It doesn't tell the cause and effect clearly.

C．Its hypothesis cannot be proved effectively.

D．It doesn't find brain size is connected with problems.

B　[细节理解题。根据第三段第二句“It cannot tell whether large brains evolved to solve the difficult problems or whether they evolved for other reasons and then enabled their bearers to deal with the hard problems”可知，传统的研究方法无法解释清楚大脑进化的原因和影响，故B项正确。]

7．Why don't many animals have large brains?

A．They don't learn from each other.

B．They don't face hard ecological problems.

C．They don't need to cooperate with each other.

D．They don't keep learning tough skills as they grow.

D　[推理判断题。根据第五段第二、三句“Why don't they all have large brains? We found that ecological problems only lead to human­sized brains when individuals can keep learning hard skills as they grow”可知，只有当个体在成长过程中不断学习艰难的技能时，生态环境才会导致人类特定大小的大脑。据此可以判断，动物在成长过程中并没有持续学习艰难的技能，所以动物没有大的大脑，故D项正确。]

8．Which of the following do the researchers find most surprising?

A．Animals don't have large brains.

B．Social challenges decrease brain size.

C．Ecological challenges increase brain size.

D．It's unclear whether human brains will expand further.

B　[细节理解题。根据第四段第四句“In contrast to the dominant view and our own expectation, we found that social challenges contributed by decreasing brain size”可知，与主流观点及我们自己的预期相反，我们发现社会挑战导致大脑变小。据此可知，社会挑战导致大脑变小是令人惊讶的发现，故B项正确。]

Ⅱ.完形填空

(2019·石家庄市重点高中摸底考试)On my way back home I was stopped at traffic lights by some people who asked for help. A woman—in her attempt to give   1   to an ambulance—had driven her car over stony obstacles that separated the bike line from the street, and, as a result, had gotten her car   2  . She couldn't move the car in any direction without damaging it. A couple of people tried to   3   the car back but the obstacles were too high. Seeing that they couldn't do much about it, they left. The woman in the car tried to   4   some service, and was told that it would take about 45 minutes for someone to get there.

While watching the other people   5  ， I realized the woman would be on her own and I imagined how   6   that would be if I were in her shoes. After some talking, she invited me to sit inside her car.

I wasn't in a hurry, so I   7   my family that I would be later and then tried to   8   the woman who seemed to feel stressed about causing others trouble. But actually it wasn't too much trouble   9   they could still pass, and also there wasn't anything she could do about it   10  . We laughed and joked that all we needed was some tea for our picnic.

Finally   11   came and helped her back on the street. She   12  me and asked for my phone number so she could return the favor，but I told her it was okay. She seemed to feel much   13   when we said our goodbyes. I believe that not having to face a difficult situation   14   can make a lot of   15  ．

【语篇解读】　该文是一篇记叙文，主要讲述了作者安慰并帮助一位在马路上因为给救护车让行而陷入困境的女士的故事。

1．A.signal B．way

C．time D．help

B　[一位女士试图给一辆救护车让行。give way to...“让行”，为固定搭配。故选B。]

2．A.stuck B．broken

C．dirty D．abandoned

A　[根据下文“She couldn't move the car”可推知，因为给救护车让行，这位女士的车卡(stuck)在那里不能动弹。]

3．A.lift B．hold

C．pull D．drive

A　[根据上文“She couldn't move the car”以及下文“but the obstacles were too high”可推知，车子卡在那里，障碍物太高，不能被抬(lift)回来。]

4．A.offer B．seek

C．refuse D．take

B　[那位女士在车里试图寻求(seek)一些服务。]

5．A.shout B．discuss

C．stand D．leave

D　[根据上文中的“Seeing that they couldn't do much about it, they left”可知，当时其他人因为帮不了什么忙，都走开(leave)了。]

6．A.amazing B．pleasant

C．uneasy D．incredible

C　[根据上文可知，那位女士的车被卡在障碍物上，其他人又帮不上忙，作者将心比心，觉得此情此景，那位女士一定不舒服(uneasy)，与下文“the woman who seemed to feel stressed about causing others trouble”呼应。]

7．A.consulted B．warned

C．advised D．informed

D　[根据语境及下文“I would be later”可推知，作者告知(informed)家人一些情况。]

8．A.persuade B．comfort

C．frighten D．satisfy

B　[根据空后的“the woman who seemed to feel stressed about causing others trouble”可推知，那位女士似乎感到焦虑不安，作者试图宽慰(comfort)她，这与下文“We laughed and joked that all we needed was some tea for our picnic”呼应。]

9．A.though B．until

C．since D．unless

C　[根据语境可推知，此处前后内容表示逻辑上的因果关系。故since“因为”符合语境。]

10．A.anyway B．therefore

C．still D．somehow

A　[根据上文“She couldn't move the car in any direction without damaging it”可推知，无论如何(anyway)，那位女士对当时那种情况也是无能为力的。]

11．A.news B．my partner

C．assistance D．an ambulance

C　[根据空后的“helped her back on the street”可推知，最终援助(assistance)到了，帮那位女士回到了路上。]

12．A.greeted B．thanked

C．accepted D．attracted

B　[根据语境可知，作者去安慰那位受困的女士，那位女士在最终解困后应是感谢(thanked)作者。]

13．A.nervous B．unwilling

C．disappointed D．better

D　[根据语境可知，那位女士从困境中解脱出来，感觉比之前好了许多。故D项符合语境。]

14．A.alone B．bravely

C．bitterly D．directly

A　[根据上文可知，由于作者的帮助和安慰，那位女士最终心情变好了许多，由此可推知，她当时不是独自(alone)面对困境的。]

15．A.decision B．fortune

C．choice D．difference

D　[作者认为不用独自面对困境可以产生很大影响(difference)。]