高三一轮复习课时提能练23 5 Unit 3 life in the future含答案

  课时提能练(二十三)  Unit 3　Life in the future

课时作业A：基础层面

Ⅰ.语境语法填空

A

To relieve our academic 1.pressure (press), our new maths teacher adopts a special teaching approach, a 2.combination (combine) of a popular method with a traditional one. He also makes flexible 3.adjustments (adjust) to the teaching plan 4.previously (previous) made by the school. What's more, he creates a more fun environment to inspire our 5.motivation (motivate) for learning. Reasonable 6.tolerance (tolerate) for the errors in our studies 7.constantly (constant) builds up our confidence. Therefore, 8.optimism (optimistic) is gradually taking the place of pessimism and we are all making rapid progress.

B

Liu Yan often helps her sick mother sweep 9.up even though going to school takes 10.up most of her day. For lack 11.of money, she has to lead a hard life. However, she is always optimistic 12.about her future, dreaming of being a doctor one day. On the way to school she has to speed 13.up her bicycle, causing the birds nearby to fly 14.in all directions. When she slides 15.into her classroom, she quickly devotes herself to her lessons. What a considerate and sensible girl she is!

C

My daughter Kate went home 16.feeling (feel) sick after a day's hard work. 17.Pressed (press) hard by a problem that was not easy 18.to handle (handle), she couldn't go to sleep. During the night I could hear her sobbing in her pillow for 19.what seemed like hours. Obviously, she had reached a point 20.where she almost broke down under a great deal of pressure. Not 21.knowing (know) what to do, I wrote her manager a letter 22.where I explained what had happened to her and asked him for help.

Ⅱ.根据提示补全句子

1．我知道您肯定特别忙，我当然不想占用您太多的时间。(take up)

I know how busy you must be and naturally I wouldn't want to take up too much of your time．

2．(湖南卷)得知我所处的境况后，我的老师Michael鼓励我勇敢地、充满自信地走出困境。(what从句)

After learning what situation I was in, my teacher, Michael encouraged me to step out of trouble bravely and confidently.

3．由于担心被逮住，这个小偷藏到床底下。(形容词短语作状语)

Afraid of being caught, the thief hid himself under a bed.

4．你一到云南就请给我发电子邮件。(the instant/instantly)

Please send me an e­mail the instant/instantly you reach Yunnan．

5．在我们房子的前面有一棵1 000多年树龄的大树，现在已经被政府保护起来了。(全部倒装)

In front of our house stands a tall tree with a history of more than 1，000 years, which is protected by the government now.

课时作业B：能力层面

Ⅰ.阅读理解

A

(2019·成都市第二次诊断性检测)A team of engineers at Harvard University created the first robotic fly. Designed to do what a fly does naturally, the tiny machine is the size of a fat housefly. Its mini wings allow it to stay in the air and perform controlled flight tasks.

“The added difficulty with a project like this is that actually none of its components is off the shelf and so we have to develop them all on our own，” said Robert Wood, a Harvard engineering professor.

They engineered a series of systems to start and drive the robotic fly. “The seemingly simple system which just moves the wings has lots of interdependence(互相依赖) of the individual components, each of which individually has to perform well，but then has to be matched well to everything it's connected to，”said Wood.

While this first robotic flyer is linked to a small, off­board power source, the goal is eventually to equip it with a built­in power source, so that it might someday perform data­gathering work at rescue sites, in farmers' fields or on the battlefield. “Basically it should be able to take off, land and fly around，” he said.

Wood says the design offers a new way to study flight mechanics and control at insect­scale. Yet, the power, sensing and computation technologies on board could have much broader applications. “You can start thinking about using them to answer open scientific questions, you know, to study biology in ways that would be difficult with the animals, but using these robots instead，”he said.“So there are a lot of technologies and open interesting scientific questions that are really what drives us on a day­to­day basis.”

【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文。哈佛大学的工程师团队研制出了机器苍蝇飞行器，该飞行器虽然尺寸如苍蝇大小，但结构复杂，可望在未来执行搜救、农田勘探等领域的数据收集任务。

1．What is the typical characteristic of the robotic fly?

A．It's automatic.

B．It's very small.

C．It's controllable.

D．It's quite powerful.

B　[细节理解题。根据第一段第二、三句“Designed to do what a fly does naturally, the tiny machine is the size of a fat housefly. Its mini wings allow it to stay in the air and perform controlled flight tasks”可知，这种飞行器设计初衷是为了能做苍蝇做的事，它的尺寸和肥胖的家蝇一样大，微小的翅膀可以让它停在空中执行受控的飞行任务；据此可知，该飞行器的典型特点是尺寸小，故B项正确。]

2．We can infer from the passage that the robotic flyer can         ．

A．act as a spy plane

B．help do farm work

C．fly at a very high speed

D．answer many scientific questions

A　[推理判断题。根据第四段第一句中的“so that it might someday perform data­gathering work at rescue sites, in farmers' fields or on the battlefield”可知，某一天这种飞行器可能用于搜救点、农田、战场信息的收集；据此可推知，该飞行器可以用作间谍飞机，故A项正确。]

3．What is Wood's idea about the robotic fly according to the last paragraph?

A．It is highly questionable.

B．It has wide practical applications.

C．It gives scientists interest in flying machines.

D．It points to a new direction in studying biology.

B　[细节理解题。根据尾段第二句“Yet，the power ...could have much broader applications”并结合Wood所说的话可知，Wood认为这种飞行器使用范围很广泛，故B项正确。]

4．What can be the best title for the passage?

A．Harvard's Study in the Field of Insects

B．A Breakthrough in Engineering Science

C．An Interesting Invention —Robotic Fly

D．Robotic Fly—a Copy of the Real Life Insect

D　[标题判断题。通读全文可知，本文的主题句是第一段第一、二句；结合全文内容可知，本文主要介绍了哈佛大学的工程师团队研制的一款机器苍蝇飞行器，该飞行器虽然尺寸如苍蝇大小，但结构复杂，可望在未来执行搜救、农田勘探等领域的数据收集任务。故D项最适合作为本文标题。]

B

(2019·潍坊市统一考试)Plants cannot run or hide, so they need other strategies to avoid being eaten. Some curl up their leaves, others produce chemicals to make themselves taste bad if they sense animals drooling on them, chewing them up or laying eggs on them—all signals of an attack. New research now shows some flora can feel a plant－eating animal well before it launches an attack, letting a plant prepare a preemptive(先发制人的) defense that even works against other pest species.

When ecologist John Orrock of the University of Wisconsin－Madison sprayed snail slime—a liquid the animals release as they slide along—onto soil, nearby tomato plants appeared to notice. They increased their levels of an enzyme(酶) , which is known to prevent plant­eating animals. “None of the plants were ever actually attacked，” Orrock says. “We just gave them cues that suggested an attack was coming, and that was enough to cause big changes in their chemistry.”

Initially Orrock found this defense worked against snails; in the latest study, his team measured the slimy warning's impact on another potential threat. The investigators found that hungry caterpillars(毛虫), which usually eat tomato leaves greedily, had no appetite for them after the plants were exposed to snail slime and activated their chemical resistance. This nonspecific defense may be a strategy that benefits the plants by further improving their overall possibilities of survival, says Orrock, who reported the results with his colleagues in March in Oecologia.

The finding that a snail's approach can cause a plant response that affects a different animal made Richard Karban curious, a plant communications expert, who was not involved in the study.“It is significant that the plants are responding before being damaged and that these cues are having such far­ranging effects，” Karban says. The research was comprehensive, he adds, but he wonders how the tomato plants felt chemicals in snail slime that never actually touched them.

“That's the million­dollar question，” Orrock says. He hopes future research will make out the mechanisms that enable plants to sense these relatively distant cues.

【语篇解读】　本文主要介绍了一项新的科学研究。研究表明植物会对外在威胁相当警觉，会自动做出反应进行自我保护。

5．John Orrock sprayed a liquid onto soil near tomato plants to         ．

A．make them grow better

B．give them a warning

C．keep plant­eating animals away

D．inform plant­eating animals of danger

B　[推理判断题。根据第二段最后一句“We just gave them cues that suggested an attack was coming, and that was enough to cause big changes in their chemistry.”可推知，John Orrock在西红柿植株附近的泥土上喷洒液体的目的是给予植物一种警告，让它们能够产生自我保护性反应，且其与第三段第一句中的“his team measured the slimy warning's impact on another potential threat”呼应，故选B。]

6．Why is the example of “caterpillars” mentioned in Paragraph 3?

A．To introduce another animal.

B．To confirm the result of the study.

C．To appeal to people to protect animals.

D．To analyze different resistance chemicals.

B　[推理判断题。根据第三段第一句“Initially Orrock found this defense worked against snails；in the latest study, his team measured the slimy warning's impact on another potential threat”可推知，文章中提到毛虫的例子是为了验证研究的结果，故选B。]

7．What does Richard Karban really want to know?

A．How tomato plants become aware of danger.

B．What the chemicals in the snail slime are.

C．Whether the research is of practical value.

D．What the finding of the research is.

A　[推理判断题。根据第四段最后一句“The research was comprehensive，he adds, but he wonders how the tomato plants felt chemicals in snail slime that never actually touched them”，并结合对最后一段的整体理解可推知，Richard Karban实际上想了解的是西红柿植株是如何意识到危险的，故选A。]

8．What can be a suitable title for the text?

A．Watchful Plants

B．Greedy Animals

C．A Snail's Approach

D．A Defense Attack

A　[标题判断题。根据文章中的关键词plant，并结合对全文的整体理解可推知，本文主要讲述的是有关植物的科学研究，研究发现植物有对外在威胁或攻击的自我保护性反应，故选A。]

Ⅱ.完形填空

(2019·昆明市教学质量检测)My least favorite part was participating in sport meets, for I loved running by myself. When faced with running against fellow athletes, I was   1  . I had butterflies in my stomach and the sudden urge to go to the nearest bathroom. This year,   2  ， I was encouraged to join in a running competition by my coach.

The 800­meter event was approaching, meaning that I would   3   soon. I breathed deeply and tried to ignore my worries. I walked over to some of the   4   who would run with me and started to   5   with them. We were all loosening up and getting ready to run as   6   as possible.

I stepped up to the line for the event. The starter raised his starting gun and   7  . About twenty­five runners   8  . With these runners around me, I recalled my coach's words, “You may be small, but you have   9   power.” So, I kept up with athletes twice my size. I picked up the runner in seventh place and based my steps on him, making it a little bit faster. One by one, I   10   to make it to the top four, bursting around the lap.

It was the last lap before the final straightaway. I   11   I had the possibility to win. So I widened my steps, speeding up my   12  . I caught up with the runner in first place and we ran side by side down the last 100 meters—I   13   him by a hair at the finishing line.

My coach gave me a   14   hug as I headed back to see him. He was excited because I had shortened my original   15   by twelve seconds at least.

【语篇解读】　本文是一篇记叙文。作者以前喜欢一个人跑步，最不爱参加运动会，但是今年作者努力尝试，参加了跑步比赛。

1．A.shocked　　　 B．nervous

C．comfortable D．brave

B　[根据上文中的“for I loved running by myself”以及空后的“I had butterflies in my stomach”可知，当作者与运动员同伴赛跑时，作者很紧张。]

2．A.however B．instead

C．otherwise D．moreover

A　[空处所在句表示今年教练鼓励作者去参加跑步比赛，与上文内容形成转折，所以用however“然而”。]

3．A.delay B．fail

C．escape D．compete

D　[根据空前的“The 800­meter event was approaching”可知，作者很快将参加比赛。]

4．A.reporters B．judges

C．runners D．coaches

C　[根据语境和空后的“who would run with me”可知，作者走向一些将和他一起跑步的跑步者，开始和他们一起热身(warm up)。]

5．A.watch out B．turn back

C．get away D．warm up

D　[参见上题解析。]

6．A.smoothly B．rapidly

C．calmly D．patiently

B　[根据空前的“We were all...to run”并结合常识可知，我们都准备好尽可能快地奔跑。]

7．A.returned B．withdrew

C．screamed D．fired

D　[根据语境可知，发令员举起发令枪，开枪(示意起跑)。]

8．A.took off B．set down

C．looked on D．went about

A　[根据上文可知，发令员开枪示意起跑，大约25名赛跑者出发。]

9．A.exact B．great

C．practical D．suitable

B　[根据空前的“You may be small” “but”并结合语境可知，此处表示你或许弱小，但你拥有巨大的力量。]

10．A.offered B．pretended

C．regretted D．managed

D　[根据空后的“make it to the top four”可知，作者设法跑进了前四。]

11．A.claimed B．heard

C．supposed D．remembered

C　[根据上文中的“the last lap”可知，作者认为自己有获胜的可能。]

12．A.speech B．mind

C．fight D．pace

D　[根据空前的“So I widened my steps”可知，作者跨大步子，加快了速度。]

13．A.beat B．pushed

C．dragged D．followed

A　[根据语境可知，作者追上了第一名，并和他肩并肩跑完了最后的100米，在终点线以微弱的优势赢了他。]

14．A.soft B．cautious

C．firm D．slight

C　[根据上文内容可知，作者在赛跑中取得了第一名，当他回头看教练时，教练给了他一个坚实的拥抱。]

15．A.distance B．time

C．lap D．step

B　[根据语境可知，教练很兴奋，因为作者比自己原先的(跑步)时间至少缩短了12秒。故选B。]