高三一轮复习课时提能练32 7 Unit 2 robots含答案

  课时提能练(三十二)  Unit 2　Robots

课时作业A：基础层面

Ⅰ.语境语法填空

A

Nie Er, a 1.talented (talent) Chinese musician, had a great 2.affection (affect) for his motherland and the poor people. He wrote dozens of 3.satisfactory (satisfy) songs in his short life, one of which is The National Anthem of People's Republic of China, the Chinese people's 4.favourite (favour). He was once put into prison because he 5.disobeyed (obey) the former government's laws. When he was released, he went abroad to study music further. He died very young and mysterious. The new government made a high 6.assessment (assessment) of his achievement and contribution. A monument was built in memory of this great musician with a 7.declaration (declare) that he is a people's musician.

B

Coke was walking slowly towards his office when he heard hurried steps behind him. He turned 8.around and found Miss Brown, a woman who had a talent 9.for designing cartoon characters. They quarreled several times because she was not 10.in favour of any of the ideas he put forward. Therefore he always tried to avoid being left 11.alone together with her. But this time she stopped him, wondering if he could 12.do her a favour by testing 13.out the new design of a product. Coke hesitated for a while but soon forgot the unhappy things between them. He set 14.aside his own work and came to her assistance.

C

There in front of me 15.stood (stand) a young woman, one about the same height as mine. She was holding a cat in her arms, wearing a friendly smile. I had never seen a woman 16.so charming as she was. As for me, she was more like an angel 17.than a woman. It was a great pity that she couldn't speak because of a childhood illness. For fear that she should be hurt, her mother wouldn't have her 18.hanging (hang) about all by herself. Now she is 19.more than my neighbor; she is my best friend.

Ⅱ.根据提示补全句子

1．很遗憾你错过了在北京举办的2019世界机器人大会。(It's a pity...)

It's a pity that you missed the 2019 World Robot Conference held in Beijing.

2．昨天我们在海滩上玩得多开心呀！(what感叹句式)

What a good time we had on the beach yesterday!

3．天黑之前，我们到达了一个小镇，它的东面是一个大农场。(完全倒装句式)

Before dark, we arrived at a small town, east of which lies a big farm．

4．你那样跟你的父亲说话很粗鲁，今后我不会再容忍你那样跟他说话。(have sb. doing)

It's rude of you to speak to your father like that and I won't have you speaking to him like that in future.

5．他们坐在花园里，谈论着去年他们一起度过的日子。(现在分词作状语)

They sat in the garden, talking about the days they spent together last year.

课时作业B：能力层面

Ⅰ.阅读理解

A

(2019·太原市模拟)Fairy tales perform many functions. They entertain, encourage imagination and teach problem­solving skills. They can also provide moral lessons, highlighting the dangers of failing to follow the social codes that let human beings coexist in harmony. Such moral lessons may not mean much to a robot, but a team of researchers at Georgia Institute of Technology believes it has found a way to use the fairy tales as moral lessons that AI(artificial intelligence) can take to its cold, mechanical heart.

The collected stories of different cultures teach children how to behave in socially acceptable ways with examples of proper and improper behavior in fables, novels and other literature. We believe story comprehension in robots can prevent the intelligent robots from killing humanity which was predicted and feared by some of the biggest names in technology including Stephen Hawking and Bill Gates. This system is called “Quixote”. It collects story plots from the Internet and then uses those stories to teach robots how to behave.

The experiment done by the designers involves going to a drugstore to purchase some medicine for a human who needs to get it as soon as possible. The robot has three options. It can wait in line; it can interact with the storekeeper politely and purchase the medicine with priority; or it can steal the medicine and escape. Without any further directives(指示), the robot will come to the conclusion that the most efficient means of obtaining the medicine is to steal it. But Quixote offers a reward for waiting in line and politely purchasing the medicine and a punishment for stealing it. In this way, the robot will learn the moral way to behave on that occasion.

Quixote would work best on a robot that has a very limited function. It's a baby step in the direction of teaching more moral lessons into robots. We believe that AI has to be trained to adopt the values of a particular society, and in doing so, it will strive to avoid unacceptable behavior. Giving robots the ability to read and understand our stories may be the most efficient means.

【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文。童话故事不但可以娱乐孩子们，还能让机器人拥有道德观念，使其更好地为人类服务。

1．What function do fairy tales perform in the robots?

A．They entertain robots.

B．They highlight dangers.

C．They make robots more intelligent.

D．They enable robots to behave morally.

D　[细节理解题。根据第一段中的“it has found a way to use the fairy tales as moral lessons that AI(artificial intelligence) can take to its cold, mechanical heart”可知，童话故事可以作为道德经验让人工智能机器人的行为符合道德规范，故D项正确。]

2．What is “Quixote” in the text?

A．A punishment system.

B．A character in literature.

C．A big name in technology.

D．A kind of software educating robots.

D　[细节理解题。根据第二段最后两句“This system is called ‘Quixote’. It collects story plots from the Internet and then uses those stories to teach robots how to behave”可知，这个系统被称为“Quixote”；它从互联网上收集故事情节，然后用这些故事来教育机器人如何规范行为，由此可知，Quixote是一种教育机器人的软件，故D项正确。]

3．What does the designer expect robots to do in the experiment?

A．To take advantage of its privilege.

B．To finish the task most efficiently.

C．To perform in a well­mannered way.

D．To be rewarded by the storekeeper.

C　[推理判断题。根据第四段中的“We believe that AI has to be trained to adopt the values of a particular society, and in doing so, it will strive to avoid unacceptable behavior”可推知，设计者希望机器人在实验中的行为能符合道德规范，故C项正确。]

4．Which of the following can best express the author's opinion?

A．Robots will definitely have more functions.

B．Robots with humans' emotions are perfect.

C．Training robots to be socially acceptable is necessary.

D．The development of robots is still in a baby step.

C　[观点态度题。根据第四段中的“We believe that AI has to be trained to adopt the values of a particular society, and in doing so, it will strive to avoid unacceptable behavior”可知，我们认为人工智能必须接受培训以适应特定社会的价值观，这样做，它将努力避免不可接受的行为。据此可推知，训练机器人让其行为符合社会规范是必要的，故C项正确。]

B

(2019·安徽省示范高中模拟)Have you ever wondered when dogs first became “man's best friend” and the world's favourite pet? If you have, then you're not alone. When and where dogs first began living side by side with humans are questions that have stirred hot debate among scientists. There are a few hard facts that all agree on. These include that dogs were once wolves and they were the first animal to be domesticated(驯养) by humans. They came into human lives some 15，000 years ago, before the dawn of agriculture.

Beyond that, there is little agreement. The earliest bones found that are unquestionable dogs' and not wolves' date from 14，000 years ago. However, 30，000­year­old skulls have been discovered in France and Belgium that are not pure wolves' and some scientists think could be dogs'.

With such puzzling evidence, many scientists are now turning to DNA to find out when and where dogs were first domesticated. In one research project, tens of thousands of blood samples have been taken from street dogs around the world. The plan is to compare them with those of wolves. It's even possible to analyse DNA from ancient bones. Tiny pieces of the 30，000­year­old skulls mentioned earlier are currently being studied, and another DNA study has already shown that ancient dogs preserved in the Alaskan ice fields evolved from Asian wolves, not American ones.

Indeed, the ancient DNA may turn out to be more informative than the DNA of living dogs. Because dogs have accompanied humans around the world for thousands of years, their current distribution may tell us very little of their origins. This is why different groups of scientists believe that dogs variously originated in eastern Asia, Mongolia, Siberia, Europe or Africa.

But why were the animals domesticated in the first place? The most recent theory is that dogs domesticated themselves, initially living in and around our ancient villages to eat any food thrown out. Today, this is a way of life still shared by three quarters of a billion unowned dogs worldwide.

【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文。研究发现，狗是从狼驯养而来的，早在一万五千年之前狗就进入了我们的生活。科学家通过分析DNA去查证狗最初是在何时何地被驯养的。

5．Which is the only statement generally agreed on by scientists studying dogs?

A．Dogs originally were used as farm animals.

B．Dogs evolved from wolves found in Europe.

C．Dogs helped the development of agriculture.

D．Dogs were the first animal to be kept as pets.

D　[细节理解题。根据第一段第一句“Have you ever wondered when dogs first became ‘man's best friend’ and the world's favourite pet”，再结合倒数第二句可知，狗是第一种被人类驯养成宠物的动物，故D项正确。]

6．Why does the writer first mention the 30，000­year­old animals' skulls?

A．To show that dogs were much larger in the past.

B．To prove that dogs developed from Asian wolves.

C．To suggest that dogs may have evolved much earlier.

D．To argue that dogs were first kept in France and Belgium.

C　[推理判断题。根据第二段第三句“However，30，000­year­old skulls have been discovered in France and Belgium that are not pure wolves' and some scientists think could be dogs'”可知，在法国和比利时已经发现了3万年前的头骨，它们不完全是狼的，科学家认为有一些可能是狗的。据此可推知，该处提及三万年前的头骨旨在说明狗的进化历史更早，故C项正确。]

7．How did scientists determine the origins of the ancient dogs found in Alaska?

A．By analyzing the age of their bones.

B．By examining the animals' DNA.

C．By studying the shape of their skulls.

D．By comparing them with modern dogs.

B　[细节理解题。根据第三段尾句中的“another DNA study has already shown that ancient dogs preserved in the Alaskan ice fields evolved from Asian wolves, not American ones”可知，科学家是通过检测DNA的方法来判断阿拉斯加狗的起源的，故B项正确。]

8．Why did dogs start living with humans?

A．Because they were attracted by food.

B．Because they were trapped by humans.

C．Because they couldn't survive in the wild.

D．Because they were trained to protect villages.

A　[推理判断题。根据尾段第二句“The most recent theory is that dogs domesticated themselves, initially living in and around our ancient villages to eat any food thrown out”可知，最近的一种说法是，狗是自己驯养自己的，最初生活在我们古老的村庄里或周围，吃人们扔掉的食物。据此可推知，狗和人生活在一起的原因是它们被食物所吸引，故A项正确。]

Ⅱ.阅读七选五

(2019·武汉市调研测试)Many people struggle with saying “No”.   1   Remember, just because you can do something does not mean it is required. Understand you always have a right to turn down an invitation or refuse a favor and figure out the best ways to say “No”. Here are some specific tips.

Give yourself permission to say no. Many people have an immediate reaction to say“Yes” when they're asked to do someone a favor. Keep in mind, you are never required to say“Yes”. It's actually okay to say “No” sometimes. Accept this as you prepare to say “No” to someone.   2 

Set up your personal boundaries.   3   However, that reason does not have to be concrete. Many people think if they can do something, they should. Your reason for saying“No” can be a simple matter of your own personal boundaries. Think about what boundaries you have, and accept the fact you're allowed to stay true to them.

  4   People often won't take “No” for an answer. If you say “No” to people，they may give you various reasons to try and change your mind. Stay determined for your decision and do not give in easily.

Practice saying “No”. It may sound silly, but you can actually practice saying “No” alone.   5   Practice giving a firm “No” to someone so you get comfortable with the words. Many people are nervous about saying “No” and may say “Yes” due to anxiety. Practicing can help get rid of some of this anxiety.

A．This will help you say “No” with ease.

B．Be aware of potential persuasion techniques.

C．Find a good chance to stand in front of a crowd.

D．It's always easier to say “No” if you have a reason.

E．Try standing before a mirror and looking at yourself.

F．It's rather easy for you to set up your personal boundaries.

G．If someone asks you a favor, you may feel you have to say “Yes”．

【语篇解读】　我们可以通过设定边界、不断训练等方式，勇敢地向他人说“不”。

1．G　[根据前一句的内容可知，很多人总是苦苦挣扎，不敢说“不”。由此可推知，如果总是这样的话，当别人要请你帮忙的时候，你可能会感到你不得不说“可以”。故选G。]

2．A　[本段讲述的是要允许自己拒绝别人。很多人会不自觉地接受他人的请求，但是你并不是一定要对他人说“可以”，这是你的权利。记住这一点，将帮助你轻而易举地拒绝别人。故选A。]

3．D　[根据空后一句“However, that reason does not have to be concrete”可知，D项“如果你有一个理由的话，说‘不’总是比较容易的”符合语境，故选D。]

4．B　[空后三句讲述的是，人们通常不会接受“不”的，他们会找种种理由劝你改变主意，因此我们要坚持自己的决定，不要轻易屈服。由此可推知，我们要知道他人的劝说技巧。故选B。]

5．E　[本段讲述的是要训练自己说“不”。该空前一句提到训练说“不”可能听起来很愚蠢，但实际上你可以独自去训练自己说“不”。由此可知E项“试着站在镜子前，看着自己”符合语境，衔接上下文。]

Ⅲ.语法填空

(2019·江西省五校协作体联考)A new social robot has been introduced to the public at Nanyang Technological University in Singapore. The robot，1.________(call) Nadine，was built by a research team at the university.

Nadine has brown hair and human­like skin. She can talk and act like a human and she even has her own personality. The robot can show emotions，like anger and 2.________(sad)and change into different moods，3.________ (depend) on the topics she is talking about.

Nadine is the most advanced and human­like robot so far. She has built­in software that is similar to Apple's Siri，which works on 4.________ iPhone. The new social robot has capabilities that have never been implemented in other robots so far. Nadine can not only remember people she 5.________(meet) before，but she can recall things that she said at 6.________(early) conversations as well.

Up to now，robots have been used widely in the manufacturing industry. However，more and more robots are being 7.________(equip) with social functions. This could be important 8.________ our population becoming older. Working robots could be the solution to a decreasing workforce. On the other hand，such social robots could care for children or older people. They could play and talk with them or keep them company.

Currently，Nadine 9.________(have) a job as a receptionist at the university，10.________ she answers questions asked by students and other visitors.

【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文。类人机器人Nadine是由新加坡南洋理工大学研究团队制作的机器人，她有着棕色的头发和像人一样的皮肤，能表达愤怒、悲伤等情感，有一定社交能力，能记住曾经遇到的人、曾经说过的话。

1．called　[考查非谓语动词。分析该句结构可知，动词call和其逻辑主语The robot之间为动宾关系，故用其过去分词作后置定语。句意：该机器人名叫Nadine，由这所大学的一个研究团队制造。]

2．sadness　[考查名词。根据该句中的“anger and”可知，空处与名词“anger”对应，也应当用名词形式。]

3．depending　[考查非谓语动词。分析该句结构可知，动词depend和其逻辑主语The robot 之间为主谓关系，故用其现在分词形式。]

4．an/the　[考查冠词。句意：她装有和苹果的Siri相似的内置软件，该软件在iPhone中运行。iPhone为可数名词，且该处可以表示泛指，也可以表示特指，故可知答案。]

5．has met　[考查动词的时态。根据语境以及该句中的时间状语“before”可知，该句应用现在完成时。句意：Nadine不但能记住以前遇到的人，还能记得她在更早的交谈中讲过的话。]

6．earlier　[考查形容词的比较级。句意参见上题。根据句意可知，该处指“更早的交谈”，故用形容词的比较级。]

7．equipped　[考查被动语态。句意：然而，越来越多的机器人正在被配备社交功能。该句主语为robots，和动词equip之间为被动关系，故用被动语态。]

8．with　[考查with复合结构。分析该句结构可知，该句使用了with的复合结构，with的宾语是our population，现在分词短语becoming older作with的宾语补足语。句意：随着人口正在老龄化，这会变得很重要。]

9．has　[考查主谓一致的时态。该句主语为Nadine，为单数形式，故谓语动词用单数；根据该句中的“Currently”可知，该句为陈述的是现在的情况，应用一般现在时，故可知答案。句意：最近，Nadine拥有了一份在该大学做接待员的工作，在那里她回答学生和其他参观人员提出的问题。]

10．where　[考查定语从句。句意参见上题。分析该句结构可知，空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词为the university，在从句中作地点状语，故用where来引导该从句。]