高三一轮复习课时提能练33 7 Unit 3 under the sea含答案

  课时提能练(三十三)  Unit 3　Under the sea

课时作业A：基础层面

Ⅰ.语境语法填空

A

Last week Mrs. Brown and her child was driving back home after a 1.tasty (taste) meal in a KFC restaurant when a car bumped into hers. That driver obviously got drunk. She and her child 2.narrowly (narrow) missed being killed in the 3.scary (scare) accident, but the child was badly injured. She was in the 4.depths (deep) of despair those days. This case has 5.sharpened (sharp) the debate over a ban of drunken driving. After days of 6.reflection (reflect) I wrote an article, calling on people to raise the 7.awareness (aware) of risks when driving or walking on the road. I also gave some suggestions, including keeping a phone around in case something 8.urgent (urge) happened.

B

Christmas is drawing 9.close/near, but my seven­year­old sister seems to be in low spirits. I am aware 10.of the fact that she is in some kind of trouble, but I don't know how I can help her 11.out. Tomorrow, my mother and I plan to do some shopping if the fine weather holds 12.up. My sister will stay home 13.in the meantime, babysitting our smallest brother. I'm reflecting 14.on what to do to make her pleased. Perhaps a beautiful doll will be a pleasant surprise to her on Christmas Eve.

C

There used to be a small village 15.where the two rivers join. Last winter, a terrible earthquake completely destroyed the village, with dead bodies 16.lying (lie) here and there. It was a time 17.when the survivors had to live with cold and hunger. Food and clothing could 18.have reached (reach) them but there were constant aftershocks(余震), which delayed the rescue work. The survivors, 19.being (be) very hungry, had to eat grassroots that they could find. It was not until five days later that helicopters came and took all of them to another place to settle in.

Ⅱ.根据提示补全句子

1．我经常怀念我的童年。那是一段几乎每天都无忧无虑的日子。(It was a time when...)

I often miss my childhood. It was a time when I spent almost each day without worries.

2．当他们正打算看他们最喜爱的电影时，他们听到来自外面的一个奇怪的声音。(be about to... )

When they were about to watch their favorite movie, they heard a strange noise coming from outside.

3．请记住：哪里有问题，哪里就有解决办法。(where...there be...)

Remember that where there is a problem, there is always a solution．

4．每天，学生们要花三个多小时写作业。(it takes sb.＋时间＋to do...)

It takes the students more than three hours to do their homework every day.

5．我看见他安全地穿过马路跑开了。(see ... doing)

I saw him crossing the road safely and running away.

课时作业B：能力层面

Ⅰ.阅读理解

A

(2019·陕西省部分学校摸底检测)Scientists are preparing to launch the world's first machine to clean up the planet's largest mass of ocean plastic.

The experts believe the machine should be able to collect half of the detritus in the patch—about 40，000 metric tons—within five years. In the past few weeks they have been busy welding together giant tubes that will sit on the surface of the sea and form the skeleton of the machine, creating the largest floating barrier ever made.

The system, originally dreamt up by Mr. Slat, will be shipped out this summer to the Great Pacific Garbage Patch, between Hawaii and California, which contains estimated 1.8 trillion pieces of plastic. It will be the first ever attempt to tackle the patch since it was discovered in 1997.

Mr. Slat was 16 and still at school when he was diving in Greece and first saw for himself the amount of plastic polluting the sea. “There were more bags than fish down there，” he recalls. Two years later he came up with a solution, quit university after six months and set up The Ocean Cleanup as a company. Mr. Slat says the first plastic to arrive on shore will be a major milestone. “We as humanity created this problem, so I think it's also our responsibility to help solve it，” he says.

The Great Pacific Garbage Patch(GPGP) covers an area of 1.6 million square kilometers and contains at least 79，000 tons of plastic, research found last month. Most of it is made up of “ghost gear” — parts of abandoned and lost fishing gear, such as nets and ropes—often from illegal fishing vessels.

Ghost gear kills more than 100，000 whales, dolphins and seals each year, according to scientific surveys. Seabirds and other marine life are increasingly being found dead with stomachs full of small pieces of plastic. Creatures eat plastic discarded in the sea thinking it's food but then starve to death because they are not feeding properly. Others are trapped and die of starvation or are strangled or suffocated by ghost gear.

【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了世界首个海洋垃圾清扫机的发明。

1．What does the underlined word in the second paragraph probably mean?

A．Waste.　　　　 B．Ocean.

C．System. D．Machine.

A　[词义猜测题。根据第二段画线词前的“collect half of”和第四段第一句中的“first saw for himself the amount of plastic polluting the sea”和第五段最后一句中的“parts of abandoned and lost fishing gear, such as nets and ropes—often from illegal fishing vessels”可推知，画线词的意思是“垃圾”。故选A。]

2．Which one makes up most of the garbage in Pacific from the passage?

A．Fishing vessels.

B．Dolphins and seals.

C．Giant tubes.

D．Abandoned fishing gear.

D　[细节理解题。根据第五段最后一句“Most of it is made up of ‘ghost gear’—parts of abandoned and lost fishing gear, such as nets and ropes—often from illegal fishing vessels”可知，太平洋里的大部分垃圾是由废弃的钓鱼用具组成的。]

3．Why do some creatures in The Great Pacific Garbage Patch die of starvation?

A．Because they are killed by ghost gear.

B．Because they are suffocated by ghost gear.

C．Because they don't like eating plastic.

D．Because they are not feeding properly.

D　[细节理解题。根据最后一段倒数第二句中的“but then starve to death because they are not feeding properly”可知，大太平洋垃圾带的一些生物死于饥饿是因为它们不能真正地进食。]

4．What is the main idea of the passage?

A．A report about the death of marine life.

B．News about the first machine to clean up ocean plastic.

C．Information about ocean plastic.

D．The reason for inventing a machine.

B　[主旨大意题。本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了世界首个海洋垃圾清扫机的发明。第一段“Scientists are preparing to launch the world's first machine to clean up the planet's largest mass of ocean plastic”点明了文章的主题。故选B。]

B

(2019·合肥市第二次教学质量检测)Classifying things is critical for our daily lives. For example, we have to detect spam mail(垃圾邮件), false political news. When we use AI, such tasks are based on “classification technology” in machine learning—having the computer learn, using the boundary separating positive and negative data. For example, “positive” data would be photos including a happy face, and “negative” data photos that include a sad face. Once a classification boundary is learned, the computer can determine whether certain data are positive or negative.

However, the difficulty with this technology is that it requires both positive and negative data for the learning process, and negative data are not available in many cases. For instance, when a retailer(零售商) is trying to predict who will make a purchase, they can easily find data on customers who have purchased from them(positive data), but it is basically impossible to obtain data on customers who have never purchased from them(negative data), since they do not have access to their competitors' data.

According to lead author Takashi Ishida from RIKEN AIP, “Previous classification methods could not cope with the situation where negative data were not available, but we have made it possible for computers to learn with only positive data, as long as we have a confidence score for our positive data, constructed from information such as buying intention or the active rate of app users. Using our new method, we can let computers learn a classifier only from positive data equipped with confidence.”

According to Ishida, “This discovery could expand the range of applications where classification technology can be used. Even in fields where machine learning has been actively used, our classification technology could be used in new situations where only positive data can be gathered due to data regulation or business constraints(限制). In the near future, we hope to put our technology to use in various research fields, such as natural language processing, computer vision, robotics, and bioinformatics.”

【语篇解读】　分类对我们的日常生活至关重要。然而在分类技术机器学习过程中，分类既需要积极的数据，也需要消极的数据，而消极的数据在很多情况下是很难获得的。现在科学家能用分类技术使机器学习只识别积极的数据。

5．How can the computer distinguish the positive data from the negative data?

A．By learning the classification boundary.

B．By updating the data collected regularly.

C．By separating happy faces and sad ones.

D．By introducing classification technology.

A　[细节理解题。根据第一段最后一句“Once a classification boundary is learned, the computer can determine whether certain data are positive or negative”可知，一旦学习了分类边界，计算机就可以确定某些数据是积极的还是消极的，由此可知，计算机是通过学习分类边界来区分积极数据和消极数据的。]

6．Why is the example mentioned in Paragraph 2?

A．To prove how important the positive data are.

B．To confirm that data on customers are complete.

C．To argue that retailers get their competitors' data.

D．To explain why negative data are hard to acquire.

D　[细节理解题。根据文章的第二段，尤其是第一句“However, the difficulty with this technology is that it requires both positive and negative data for the learning process, and negative data are not available in many cases”可知，在学习过程中，它既需要积极的数据，也需要消极的数据，而消极的数据在很多情况下是很难获得的，进而后面举例说明解释了为什么消极的数据很难获得。]

7．What do the underlined words“new method”in Paragraph 3 refer to?

A．Analyzing buying intention.

B．Building a confidence score.

C．Assessing the active rate of app users.

D．Equipping the computer with confidence.

B　[推理判断题。根据文章的第三段，尤其是画线词组前一句中的“but we have made it possible for computers to learn with only positive data, as long as we have a confidence score for our positive data, constructed from information such as buying intention or the active rate of app users”可推知，画线词组所在句表示使用这种建立信心指数的新方法，我们就可以让电脑只用积极的数据来学习，故画线词组是指建立信心指数。]

8．What can be a suitable title for the text?

A．The History of Classification Technology

B．Smarter AI: Machine Learning Without Negative Data

C．Bigger Data: Computers Assisting Language Processing

D．The Comparison between Positive Data and Negative Data

B　[标题归纳题。通读全文可知，分类对我们的日常生活至关重要。然而在分类技术机器学习过程中，分类既需要积极的数据，也需要消极的数据，而消极的数据在很多情况下是很难获得的。现在科学家能用分类技术使机器学习只识别积极的数据。]

Ⅱ.完形填空

(2019·福建省质量检查测试)Every year, the fifth graders at Brookstone Elementary School went on a field trip to Washington, D．C. Terence   1   the exciting trip, and was dying to go the next year.

Terence asked his parents   2   if they would pay for half of the trip if he earned the other half of the money himself. His parents   3  . He had almost a year to earn $150. His first   4   was to earn money by babysitting, and he typed a nice letter   5   that “he would babysit during his neighbors' absence”. He named a few afternoons available and said he would   6   $1 per hour per child. After five babysitting   7  ， he earned $45.

When the warm weather arrived, Terence knocked on his neighbors' doors to ask if they needed help with   8   work. He helped with mowing(修剪) and weeding gardens. After the summer was over, he earned $75. When the fall arrived, he counted his money and   9   that he still needed $30 for his trip. Soon his mom saw an advertisement for a job for him. He got a job   10   newspapers every Wednesday afternoon, making 5 cents for every paper, $10   11   each Wednesday. It wasn't long before he had   12   money to go on the trip to Washington, D．C. He was   13   in time. The class trip was on October 15. His mom and dad gave him a check for the $150 they promised him. What a great feeling! He helped   14   the cost of his trip.

This experience   15   Terence in many ways, making his dream a reality with great efforts.

【语篇解读】　本文是一篇记叙文。小学生Terence非常渴望去华盛顿进行实地调查旅行，他希望自己挣一半旅费，另一半由父母资助。父母答应后，他通过帮邻居照看小孩、修剪花园和给花园除杂草等工作攒够了钱。

1．A.prepared for B．laid out

C．referred to D．heard about

D　[根据空前一句可知，每年Terence所在学校的五年级学生都要去华盛顿进行实地调查旅行；结合该句中的“to go the next year”可知，Terence应该是听说了这个激动人心的旅行，就渴望来年也去。D项意为“听说”，故D项正确。A项意为“为……做准备”，B项意为“展开，铺开”，C项意为“涉及”，都与语境不符。]

2．A.curiously B．casually

C．anxiously D．briefly

C　[根据上文可知，Terence渴望去华盛顿进行实地调查旅行；又结合语境可知，此处表示Terence急切地问他的父母是否愿意支付他参加旅行的一半费用。C项意为“急切地，渴望地”，故C项正确。]

3．A.submitted B．agreed

C．bargained D．refused

B　[根据下文可知，他有近一年的时间去挣150美元；又根据下文中的“His mom and dad gave him a check for the $150 they promised him”可知，他的父母同意(agreed)为他支付一半的旅行费用。]

4．A.idea B．job

C．conclusion D．suggestion

A　[根据该句中的“to earn money by babysitting” “typed a nice letter”并结合语境可知，他的第一个主意(idea)就是通过替人临时照看孩子来挣钱，并打了一封信，信上说(saying)在邻居不在时他可以帮他们照看孩子。]

5．A.declaring B．confirming

C．showing D．saying

D　[参见上题解析。]

6．A.pay B．spend

C．charge D．donate

C　[根据该句中的“$1 per hour per child”并结合语境可知，Terence帮邻居照看孩子的收费标准是每个孩子每小时一美元。C项意为“收费，开价”，故C项正确。]

7．A.negotiations B．sessions

C．attempts D．interviews

B　[根据语境可知，在帮助邻居照看五次孩子后，他赚了45美元。B项意为“一段时间”，符合语境，故B项正确。]

8．A.yard B．paper

C．school D．volunteer

A　[根据下文“He helped with mowing(修剪) and weeding gardens”可知，该处指当温暖的天气来临时，他敲邻居们的门问是否需要帮忙做院子(yard)里的工作。]

9．A.admitted B．determined

C．complained D．insisted

B　[根据该句中的“he still needed $30 for his trip”和语境可知，数过钱后，他算出还需要30美元。determine“准确算出”符合语境。]

10．A.editing B．updating

C．printing D．delivering

D　[根据该句中的“newspapers every Wednesday afternoon, making 5 cents for every paper”可知，他得到了一份在每周三下午送报纸的工作，每份报纸挣5美分，每周三总共(in total)挣10美元；deliver newspapers意为“送报纸”，故D项正确。]

11．A.at once B．on time

C．after all D．in total

D　[参见上题解析。]

12．A.extra B．much

C．enough D．easy

C　[根据上文描述的他还需要30美元和他每周三送报纸挣10美元可知，不久他就有足够的(enough)钱去华盛顿旅行了。]

13．A.just　　　B．even  C．ever　　　D．still

A　[根据下文“The class trip was on October 15”可推知，秋天时他赚够了钱，正好赶上旅行。A项意为“正好”，故A项正确。]

14．A.count   B．cover

C．estimate D．reduce

B　[根据上文可知，他挣了150美元，他的父母又给他150美元，所以他攒够了足以支付自己旅行的费用。B项意为“足以支付，够付”，符合语境，故B项正确。]

15．A.astonished B．shaped

C．excited D．impressed

B　[根据语境并结合选项可知，这段经历在很多方面塑造了(shaped) Terence，他以巨大的努力使自己的梦想成为现实。]