高三英语大一轮复习2-1 Unit 2 English around the world核心素养测评含解析

核心素养测评  二　必修1　 Unit 2　English around the world

(限时35分钟)

Ⅰ. 阅读理解

A

Sign has become a scientific hot button. Only in the past 20 years have specialists in language study realized that sign languages are unique—a speech of the hand. They offer a new way to know how the brain generates and understands language,  and throw new light on an old scientific controversy(争议): whether language,  complete with grammar,  is something that we are born with,  or whether it is a learned behavior. The present interest in sign language has roots in the pioneering work of one teacher at Gallaudet University in Washington,  D. C. ,  the world’s only liberal arts university for deaf people.

　　When Bill Stokoe went to Gallaudet to teach English,  the school let him teach a course in signing. But Stokoe noticed something strange: among themselves,  students signed differently from his classroom teacher.

　　Stokoe had been taught a sort of gestural code,  each movement of the hands representing a word in English. At the time,  American Sign Language (ASL) was thought to be no more than a form of pidgin English (混杂英语). But Stokoe believed the “hand talk”his students used looked richer. He wondered: Might deaf people actually have a genuine language? And could that language be unlike any other on Earth? It was 1955. Stokoe’s idea was academic heresy (异端邪说).

　　It is 37 years later. Stokoe—now devoting his time to writing and editing books and journals and to producing video materials on ASL and the deaf culture—is having lunch at a cafe near the Gallaudet campus and explaining how he started a revolution. For decades educators fought his idea that sign languages are natural languages like English,  French and Japanese. They thought language must be based on speech,  the modulation (调节) of sound. But sign language is based on the movement of hands,  the modulation of space. “What I said, ” Stokoe explains,  “is that language is not mouth stuff—it’s brain stuff. ”

1. The study of sign language is thought to be ______.  

A. a new way to look at the learning of language

B. a challenge to traditional views on the nature of language

C. an approach to make the grammatical structure of a language simple

D. a try to clear misunderstanding about the use of language

【解析】选B。推理判断题。根据第一段的They offer a new way. . . or whether it is a learned behavior. 可知, 手语提供了一种新方法, 用以探索大脑如何产生和理解语言, 并为一个长期以来的科学争端——语言(连同语法)究竟是我们与生俱来的, 还是一种我们后天学会的行为——提出了新的解释。故手语是对语言的性质的传统观点的挑战, 所以选B 。

2. The present growing interest in sign language was caused by ______.  

A. a famous scholar in the study of the human brain

B. a leading specialist in the study of liberal arts

C. an English teacher in a university for the deaf

D. some senior experts in American Sign Language

【解析】选C。细节理解题。根据第一段的The present interest in sign language has roots in the pioneering work of one teacher at Gallaudet University in Washington,  D. C. ,  the world’s only liberal arts university for deaf people. 以及第二段的When Bill Stokoe went to Gallaudet to teach English可知, 现在对手语的兴趣是由Bill Stokoe, 一位教英语的老师激发的。故选C。

3. Most educators were against Stokoe’s idea because they thought ______.  

A. sign language was not extensively used even by deaf people

B. sign language was too artificial to be widely accepted

C. a language should be easy to use and understand

D. a language could only lie in the form of speech sounds

【解析】选D。推理判断题。根据最后一段的They thought language must be based on speech,  the modulation of sound. 可知, 大多数教育者认为语言是建立在说, 也就是声音的调节上。故选D。

4. Stokoe’s argument is based on his belief that ______.  

A. sign language is as useful as any other language

B. sign language comes from natural language

C. language is a system of meaningful codes

D. language is a product of the brain

【解析】选D。细节理解题。根据最后一段的“What I said, ” Stokoe explains,  “is that language is not mouth stuff—it’s brain stuff. ”可知, Stokoe认为sign language是大脑的产物。故D项正确。D中的a product of the brain是对原文中brain stuff的同义表达。

　　　　　　　　　　　　B世纪金榜导学号

The best-known example of external(外部的)influence causing language change is the “Americanization”of world culture,  which has caused English words to appear in city streets all over the world. The effect is most noticeable in pop music. Foreign groups often record in English,  and the words are picked up and repeated in the same language everywhere,  even by children who otherwise have little or no command of the language. I once met a Brazilian child of about ten who could count “one,  two,  three”,  but only by adding the words “o’clock,  four o’clock rock” at the end.

Some people are often strongly critical of the influence of English on their language —especially when an English word replaces a traditional word. In 1977,  France passed a law banning the use of English words in official situations if an equivalent (意义相同的)French expression existed — but the law seemed to be honored more in the breaking than in the observing. Some other countries have considered introducing a similar law despite the evidence that such laws have very little effect,  and that the arrival of loan words( 外来词) can greatly enrich a language (as indeed in the case of English itself,  which has a long history of welcoming foreign words).

However,  not everyone is critical. In particular,  commercial firms and advertisers are well aware of the potential selling power that the use of English vocabulary can bring. In Japan,  English is even used in television commercials,  despite the fact that the majority of viewers would not understand exactly what was being said. The excellence implied by the mere use of English is apparently enough to command the strategy to the advertisers.

Most of the influence of English is upon the vocabulary of foreign languages,  but surveys are slowly bringing to light several cases where word order or word structure has been affected. Sentences of the type “The book sells well”,  using an active construction for a passive meaning,  have begun to appear in Danish (Bogen soelger godt). Several languages keep the English plural ending when they make use of a loan word,  and do not translate it into the native form,  e. g. drinks. There are many other such cases.

【文章大意】这是一篇说明文, 介绍了造成语言变化的外部影响, 最著名的例子是世界文化的“美国化”, 它导致英语单词出现在世界各地的城市街道上。这种影响在流行音乐中最为明显。

5. Why could the Brazilian child speak ‘one,  two,  three’ in English?

A. Because he had seen these words in the street.

B. Because he knew how to tell the time in English.

C. Because he had made himself master of English.

D. Because he had heard these words in songs a lot.

【解析】选D。推理判断题。根据第一段“Foreign groups often record in English. . . but only by adding the words ‘o’clock,  four o’clock rock’ at the end. ”可知, 文中提到的这个巴西小孩可能本身不太会说英语, 但是由于含有这些英语数字的歌曲不断重复播放, 所以他学会了用英语说这些数字。故选D。

6. What can we infer about the law passed in France in 1977?

A. It was strict.

B. It was unfair.

C. It was often ignored.

D. It was strongly opposed.

【解析】选C。推理判断题。根据第二段“In 1977,  France passed a law banning the use of English words in official situations if an equivalent French expression existed — but the law seemed to be honored more in the breaking than in the observing. ”可知, 1977年, 法国通过了一项法律, 禁止在官方场合使用与法语意义相同的英语词汇——但这项法律似乎更多地是在打破而不是遵守。故我们可以推测这项法律经常被忽视, 故选C。

7. What is the purpose of some Japanese commercials using English?

A. Following the American trend.

B. Becoming world-famous.

C. Enriching Japanese.

D. Increasing sales.

【解析】选D。细节理解题。根据第三段中the potential selling power that the use of English vocabulary can bring以及The excellence implied by the mere use of English可知, 广告中使用英语能让人感觉该产品很出色, 激发人们的购买欲。故选D。

8. The last paragraph is mainly developed by______.  

A. providing examples

B. making comparisons

C. explaining grammar rules

D. analyzing language changes

【解析】选A。推理判断题。最后一段中通过“主动结构表达被动意义”和“保留表示复数的词尾”两个例子来说明英语对其他语言的语序或结构也有影响。故选A。

9. What is the author’s attitude towards language change?

A. Critical. 　　　　　 B. Objective.

C. Concerned.    D. Supportive.

【解析】选B。观点态度题。文章的叙述主要以第三人称视角, 引用了不同人的观点和意见, 作者本身没有发表看法, 因此可以推断作者对于语言转变的态度是“客观的”, 故选B。

　【知识拓展】背景链接

来自汉语的英语词汇

bonsai 盆栽(花卉)　　　Confucius 孔子

coolie 苦力 Kowtow 叩头;磕头

kung fu 功夫  mahjong 麻将

silk丝 Taiji太极

tea茶(闽南语) tofu豆腐

typhoon台风 oolong 乌龙茶

Ⅱ. 完形填空

I felt gloomy (沮丧的) the other day. The weather had been dark and rainy,  and I just didn’t feel so　1　.  

As I was sitting at my desk I 　2　 it was the birthday of a dear long-time friend—a single middle-aged woman who has devoted the past 30 years to nursing and loves her 　3　. Knowing that she doesn’t have family in town I 　4　 to give her a call. Sure enough she was on B-shift,  　5　 to work late into the evening and wouldn’t have much of a birthday this year. As always,  　6　 ,  she sounded cheerful and was happy that I 　7　.  

After I hung up I couldn’t 　8　 the feeling that she would really appreciate a little attention on her special day.  　9　 feeling a little gloomy myself,  I tried to put it out of my 　10　 ,  but as the day passed I couldn’t shake the thought. I 　11　 gave in,  and that evening set off to the hospital with a card,  a cheese cake,  and some balloons. My friend’s grateful smile and joyful surprise 　12　 me I’d done the right thing and were a generous 　13　 for the little effort it had taken.  

When I got home I realized that not only had I cheered up a 　14　 friend on her birthday but my own gloomy feelings had also 　15　. Making her day had made my own!  

That’s true 　16　 we take the time and make the effort to do something for someone else. It’s like the little saying “Loving kindness is twice blessed; it blesses him who gives,  and him who 　17　. ” 

Cheering up people on their birthdays isn’t the only thing we can do to make their day. Life constantly presents us with 　18　 to take an extra step or do a kind deed that will make a 　19　 to someone. And the 　20　 thing is that as we do,  it changes things for the better for us too.  

【文章大意】这是一篇夹叙夹议类的文章。文章讲述了作者通过给一个朋友庆祝生日, 不仅使朋友高兴, 而且使自己也摆脱了沮丧的情绪。由此作者得出结论:善良的行为是双倍的祝福。施予者和接受者都会从中受益。

1. A. special　 B. positive　 C. nervous　 D. proud

【解析】选B。special特殊的, 专门的; positive积极的; nervous紧张的;proud骄傲的。根据“I felt gloomy. ”可知, 作者感到沮丧, 心态不积极。故B选项正确。

2.  A. explained   B. complained

 C. remembered   D. informed

【解析】选C。explain解释; complain抱怨; remember记住;inform通知, 告知。作者坐在桌边的时候, 记起了那天是一个朋友的生日。故C选项正确。

3. A. family  B. study   C. life   D. work

【解析】选D。family家庭; study学习; life生活;work工作。根据“. . . has devoted the past 30 years to nursing”可知, 作者的朋友从事护士工作30年, 由此可知, 她非常喜欢自己的工作。故D选项正确。

4.  A. decided   B. continued

C. failed     D. refused

【解析】选A。decide决定; continue继续; fail失败;refuse拒绝。知道朋友在镇上没有家人, 所以作者决定给她打个电话。故A选项正确。

5.  A. surprised   B. disappointed

 C. bored     D. prepared

【解析】选D。surprised惊讶的; disappointed失望的; bored厌烦的;prepared有准备的。作者的朋友是B班, 准备工作到深夜。故D选项正确。

6. A. though   B. besides

C. therefore   D. otherwise

【解析】选A。though虽然; besides此外, 而且; therefore因此;otherwise否则。前面提到, 作者的朋友要工作到深夜, 也没有过生日。后文提到, 朋友的声音听起来像往常一样开心快乐。由此判断, 上下文之间是转折关系。故A选项正确。

7. A. admitted   B. called

C. succeeded   D. apologized

【解析】选B。admit承认; call打电话; succeed成功;apologize道歉。根据上文中的“I ______to give her a call”可知, 作者给朋友打了一个电话, 朋友很高兴。故B选项正确。 

8.  A. get on with   B. put up with

 C. get rid of   D. take hold of

【解析】选C。 get on with和……相处; put up with容忍, 忍受; get rid of除掉, 去掉;take hold of握住, 控制住。根据下文“as the day passed I couldn’t shake the thought. . . set off to the hospital with a card. . . ”可知, 作者一直摆脱不了那种在这个特别的日子里得到一点关注她会很感激的感觉。所以, 最终作者带着礼物去医院看望朋友了。故C选项正确。

9. A. Almost  B. Even  C. Never  D. Still

【解析】选D。 Almost几乎; Even甚至; Never从未;Still仍然。第一段提到“I felt gloomy. ”, 该处又提到“feeling a little gloomy myself”, 由此可知, 作者在挂断电话之后, 仍然感到有点沮丧。故D选项正确。

10. A. opinion   B. image

C. mind    D. expectation

【解析】选C。opinion看法, 意见; image形象, 影像; mind头脑, 思想;expectation期望。作者努力地想把那种想法从大脑里消除掉。根据常识可知, 想法肯定是存在于大脑中的。故C选项正确。

11.  A. luckily   B. finally

C. unhappily    D. hardly

【解析】选B。luckily幸运地; finally最终, 最后; unhappily不高兴地;hardly几乎不。随着这一天过去, 作者仍然摆脱不了那种想法。最终, 作者屈服了, 动身去医院看望朋友。故B选项正确。

12.  A. convinced   B. advised

C. promised     D. reminded

【解析】选A。convince使信服; advise建议; promise承诺;remind提醒, 使想起。朋友感激的笑容和惊喜使作者相信自己做了一件正确的事情。故A选项正确。

13. A. demand B. desire

C. reward D. share

【解析】选C。demand要求; desire渴望; reward酬谢, 奖赏;share一份。朋友感激的微笑和惊喜是对作者付出的努力的奖赏。故C选项正确。

14. A. guilty   B. lonely

C. weak    D. curious

【解析】选B。guilty愧疚的; lonely孤独的; weak虚弱的;curious好奇的。根据第二段中的“she doesn’t have family in town”可知, 作者朋友的家人都不在她身边, 朋友肯定在生日这一天很孤独。故B选项正确。

15. A. existed   B. deepened

C. wasted    D. disappeared

【解析】选D。exist存在; deepen加深; waste浪费;disappear消失。not only. . . but also表示并列关系, 因此该句指作者去看望朋友, 这么做不仅使孤独的朋友精神愉悦, 而且作者的情绪也好了起来, 原来的沮丧感消失了。故D选项正确。

16. A. when   B. because   C. though   D. if

【解析】选A。when当……的时候; because因为; though尽管;if如果。当我们花时间努力为他人做点什么的时候, 不仅可以使对方心情愉悦, 而且我们自己也会感觉良好。故A选项正确。

17. A. tries   B. receives   C. loves   D. cares

【解析】选B。try尝试, 努力; receive收到; love爱;care在乎。作者以自己为例, 证明帮助别人可以使双方受益。又根据It’s like the little saying可知, 该谚语想表达的是善良的行为是双倍的祝福。它赐福于施予者和接受者。故B选项正确。

18. A. experiences    B. dreams

C. choices      D. opportunities

【解析】选D。experience经历;dream梦想;choice选择;opportunity机会。生活不断地赠给我们更进一步或者做一件对别人有意义的事情的机会。故D选项切题。

19. A. difference    B. connection

C. discovery     D. decision

【解析】选A。difference区别, 不同; connection连接, 联系; discovery发现;decision决定。做好事当然对别人会有影响。make a difference意为“起作用, 有影响”。故A选项正确。

20. A. normal     B. similar

C. wonderful     D. practical

【解析】选C。normal正常的; similar相似的; wonderful极好的;practical实际的, 实践的。当我们做了好事的时候, 我们的所作所为也使得我们自身的境遇变好, 这是一件非常好的事情。故C选项正确。

　　【知识拓展】佳词积累

1. devote. . . to　　　　　　专心于;致力于

2. hang up  挂断(电话)

3. give in  屈服;让步

4. set off  出发;动身

5. cheer up 使高兴

6. make one’s day  使某人开心

7. make the effort  努力

8. present sb. with sth.  赠给某人某物

9. make a difference  有影响;有关系

Ⅲ. 语法填空世纪金榜导学号

阅读下面材料, 在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。

Most 97-year-olds would 1. __________(probable) feel accomplished just getting out of bed in the morning. John B. Goodenough,  97,  just won the Nobel Prize in chemistry.  

2. __________(bear) in 1922 in Jena,  Germany,  Goodenough earned a PhD from the University of Chicago in 1952. He went on to work at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, then at the University of Oxford. It was at Oxford 3. __________Goodenough made the groundbreaking discovery of lithium-ion batteries (锂离子电池) that helped 4. __________(he) win the Nobel.  

The ability 5. __________(store)energy from renewable sources,  the sun,  the wind,  opens up 6. __________ sustainable energy consumption. From laptops to smartphones, lithium-ion batteries power some of the most commonly used devices. Electric vehicles 7. __________(make) possible because of the development of these batteries,  and wireless communication has flourished because of 8. __________ technology.  

　　Even at the age of 97,  he continues to develop new polymers and battery concepts with researchers in his lab. He is now largely focused on 9. __________(develop) all-solid-state batteries as they can offer better 10. __________(safe).  

【文章大意】由于在锂离子电池领域的贡献, 97岁的古迪纳夫是迄今为止最年长的诺贝尔化学奖获得者。

1. 【解析】probably。考查词形变化。大多数97岁的老年人可能只要早上能起得了床就会充满成就感。此处修饰动词feel, 应使用副词形式, 故填probably。

2. 【解析】Born。考查非谓语动词。be born in意为“出生于”, 和句子主语Goodenough在逻辑上是被动关系, 此处使用过去分词作状语。故填Born。

3. 【解析】that。考查强调句型。正是在牛津大学期间, 古迪纳夫取得了锂离子电池的突破性发现, 帮助他获得了诺贝尔奖。该句为强调句, 其结构为“It was +被强调部分+that从句”, 被强调的是地点状语at Oxford。故填that。

4. 【解析】him。考查代词。作help的宾语, 用代词的宾格。

5. 【解析】to store。考查非谓语动词。the ability后常用不定式作定语, 修饰名词。

6. 【解析】for。锂离子电池储存来自太阳能、风能等可再生能源的能力为可持续的能源消费打开了大门。此处表示目的, 故填for。

7. 【解析】were made。由于锂离子电池的发展, 电动汽车被研发出来成为可能。make和electric vehicles在逻辑上是动宾关系;根据常识, 电动汽车被研发发生在过去, 故填一般过去时的被动语态。

8. 【解析】the。无线通信也因为锂离子电池的技术而蓬勃发展。此处表示特指, 故填the。

9. 【解析】developing。古迪纳夫现在主要专注于开发全固态电池。作介词on的宾语且表示动作, 应使用动名词形式。故填developing。

10. 【解析】safety。它们能够提供更好的安全。作动词offer的宾语应使用名词, 故填safety。