高三英语大一轮复习28-6 Unit 3 a healthy life核心素养测评含解析

核心素养测评 二十八　选修6　 Unit 3　A healthy life

(限时35分钟)

Ⅰ. 阅读理解

A

Sally Dawly is a woman from Auburn,  California.  Over the last three and a half years,  the anti-littering woman has spent most of her free time picking up cigarette butts (烟头) from the streets of her home city.

Called the “Butt Lady” by her local community,  Dawly began her mission to rid the streets of her city of cigarette butts in October,  2014.  The woman looked for cigarette butts,  picked them up and threw them in the trash.  To keep a count of how many butts she picks up,  the Butt Lady has been using a tablet,  and earlier this month,  she hit a historic milestone—one million cigarette butts.

“I got tired of going on my walks and seeing cigarette butts everywhere, ” Sally Dawly said.  “I’m just shocked that I had to pick up so many.  I’ve ever picked up 3, 000 butts in one day, ” she said.  “Don’t throw away your butts; better yet,  stop smoking. ”

With so many cigarette butts littering the streets,  can one person’s efforts really make a difference? Surprisingly,  the answer seems to be yes.  Soon after the Butt Lady of Auburn started her mission and word of her efforts spread,  cigarette cans started appearing around bars and restaurants in the city.  Members of the local community even came out to cheer her on as she approached her one-million-butt milestone.

Sally knows her city’s cigarette butt littering problem won’t be solved anytime soon,  but she hopes her work will inspire people to at least think twice before dropping cigarette butts in the streets.  She has decided to continue cleaning up after irresponsible smokers,  and already has a new milestone in her sights—two million cigarette butts.

Word of the Butt Lady’s efforts to keep the streets cigarette butt-free has reached neighboring communities as well,  and CBS Sacramento reports that other cities have started seeking her help as well.

【文章大意】本文是一篇记叙文。在美国加利福尼亚州有这样一位“烟头女士”, 她利用业余时间捡拾烟头, 并在最近捡到了第100万个烟头!

1. Why does Sally Dawly carry a tablet with her while picking up the butts?

A. To entertain the crowds.

B. To monitor the smokers.

C. To attract people’s attention.

D. To record the number of butts.

【解析】选D。细节理解题。由第二段中To keep a count of how many butts she picks up,  the Butt Lady has been using a tablet一句可知为了记录自己捡到的烟头数量,  the Butt Lady带了平板电脑。故选D。

2. How did Sally Dawly feel when picking up cigarette butts?

A. Excited but upset.

B. Shocked and sorry.

C. Frightened but content.

D. Astonished and desperate.

【解析】选B。推理判断题。根据第三段内容可知Sally很厌烦看到这么多烟头, 她对捡起来这么多数量的烟头感到震惊, 并且劝告大家最好不要吸烟。因此她的感受应该是“震惊和难过的”。故选B项。

3. From the text, what can be inferred about Sally Dawly?

A. She picks up nearly 3, 000 cigarette butts every day.

B. She will work in other cities in California in the future.

C. She has set a new goal of picking up two million cigarette butts.

D. She picked up one million cigarette butts with members of her community.

【解析】选C。细节理解题。根据倒数第二段and already has a new milestone in her sights-two million cigarette butts可知C项正确。

　　【知识拓展】　易错警示

根据第三段. . . I’ve ever picked up 3, 000 butts in one day. . . 可知A项错误;根据最后一段可知Sally的行动影响了邻近的城市, 但并不是她要去邻近的城市工作, 故B项错误;根据倒数第三段Members of the local community even came out to cheer her on. . . 可知D项错误。故选C。

4.  What is the text mainly about?

A. California’s “Butt Lady”.

B. Fighting against smoking.

C. California’s health problems.

D. Smoking problems in California.

【解析】选A。主旨大意题。本文讲了来自加利福尼亚州的一位女士在业余时间捡起了一百万个烟头, 并且获得了“烟头女士”的称号的故事, 故A项最恰当。

　【知识拓展】　佳词积累

1. mission n. 任务

2. milestone n. 里程碑

长难句分析

Sally knows her city’s cigarette butt littering problem won’t be solved anytime soon,  but she hopes her work will inspire people to at least think twice before dropping cigarette butts in the streets.

分析:本句是一个复合句。but是并列连词, 前后是分句。分句中都含有宾语从句。

翻译:萨莉知道城市乱扔烟头的问题不会很快解决。但是她希望她的工作至少能激励人们在往街道上扔烟头之前要三思而后行。

B

For some people,  walking or running outdoors is a great way to work out.  What may not be so pleasant is seeing trash all over the ground.  Well,  some people are doing something about it.  They are plogging!

“Plogging” began in Sweden.  The name combines the Swedish word “plocka”,  which means to pick up,  and the word “jogging”,  which means to run slowly.  A Swedish man named Erik,  started the movement in 2016.  On the World Environment Day website,  Erik says that he moved to Stockholm from a small community in northern Sweden.  Each day he would ride his bike to work.  Concerned about the amount of trash and litter he saw each day on his way to work,  he took matters into his own hands.  

Plogging,  by that term,  may have officially begun in Sweden.  But many people who exercise outdoors have been doing this for years.  Take Jeff Horowitz for example.  He is a personal trainer in Washington,  D. C.  He often picks up trash while running outside.  He even has turned it into a game; he will try to pick up the trash without stopping.  “I didn’t know it was a thing really.  This is just my personal ethics (道德标准),  where I go for a run and if I happen to see a piece of garbage lying around and it’s within reach — it is a kind of a little test for me to see if I can grab it and throw it in a near trash can without stopping.  And that way,  I think,  it gives me a little exercise and a little focus for my run.  And it helps clean up the neighborhood, ” he announced.

Today, plogging is an official activity,  one that is becoming increasingly popular.  Cities around the world now hold plogging events,  “I would just hope people would think twice before dropping garbage on the ground.  We have containers on every block.  So,  it’s easy to put your garbage in the trash cans.  I just think people should think about it a little bit more.  I do hope one day there will not be a need for plogging. ” said an interviewee.

【文章大意】这是一篇说明文。Plogging(拾荒慢跑)是全球正在流行的健身方式, 不仅让你的锻炼更高效, 而且有助于美化身边的环境, 保持环境清洁。

5.  Which of the following can replace the underlined phrase “took matters into his own hands”?

A. called on people to join him

B. appealed to people to go green

C. began to pick up the trash

D. had the collected trash recycled

【解析】选C。词义猜测题。根据第二段划线部分前的句子Concerned about the amount of trash and litter he saw each day on his way to work可知他在上班路上很担心那些大量的垃圾, 因此可推测下文应该是他于是开始捡这些垃圾。故划线部分短语的意思为“开始捡垃圾”。故选C。

6.  Like Jeff Horowitz,  plogging to many people has become a(n) ________act.  

A. automatic  B. irresistible

C. arbitrary D. temporary

【解析】选A。推理判断题。根据第三段This is just my personal ethics可知Jeff Horowitz拾荒慢跑只是出于个人的道德标准, 即是自发性的, 因此可推理和Jeff Horowitz一样, 拾荒慢跑对于很多人来说已经成为了一种自发行为。故选A。

7.  What is the idea that plogging events are meant to promote?

A. Jogging is truly beneficial.

B. Trash cans should be within reach.

C. Littering is not acceptable.

D. Communities should be kept clean.

【解析】选C。细节理解题。由最后一段I would just hope people would think twice before dropping garbage on the ground. 可知拾荒慢跑者提出只希望人们在往地上扔垃圾前三思。即拾荒慢跑旨在促进乱丢垃圾是不可接受的这一想法, 故选C。

8.  What can be a suitable title for the passage?

A. New Exercise Enjoys Unbelievable Popularity

B. New Exercise Trend Also Helps Environment

C. Plogging—a Fashionable Way to Clear Waste

D. Plogging—an Exercise Originating in Sweden

【解析】选B。主旨大意题。根据最后一段Today, plogging is an official activity,  one that is becoming increasingly popular.  如今, 拾荒慢跑已成为一项官方活动, 而且越来越受欢迎。结合文章主要内容为拾荒慢跑这种新的运动趋势不仅能使锻炼高效, 同时可以有助于保护环境。故选B。

　　【知识拓展】

佳词积累

1. officially adv. 官方地;正式地

2. increasingly adv. 越来越多地

背景链接

近日在国外社交媒体平台上流行一种叫“Plogging”的运动。“Plogging”(拾荒慢跑)一词由瑞典语“捡垃圾”(plocka)和英语单词“慢跑”(jogging)组合而成, 活动参与者在跑步时带上垃圾袋, 在慢跑过程中清理行进路线中的垃圾, 达到健身和保护环境的双重目的。

Ⅱ. 阅读填句

Cold weather during winter months may keep many people from leaving home and running in the open air.  However,  a new study shows that the drop in temperature is a good reason to run.  　1　 

Many people say running in winter can be difficult.  Two reasons are the low temperatures and bitter winds. 　2　That could be because lower temperatures reduce stress on the body.  When you run in cold weather,  your heart rate and the body’s dehydration (脱水) levels are lower than in warmer conditions.  　3　 

This information comes from John Brewer,  who is a professor of applied sport science at St.  Mary’s.  For this study,  he and other researchers put a group of people into a room they called an “environmental chamber”.  The researchers then recreated summer and winter weather conditions in the room. 　4　Brewer says he and his team recorded biological measurements of the runners.  

He says that the most important thing for people who run in cold conditions is to wear the right clothing.  Wear gloves on your hands. 　5　And especially wear more than one layer of clothing to keep sweat away from your skin.  

A. We have good reasons to run in winter.

B. Wear shoes that will keep you from falling.

C. Many feel nervous when running in the cold weather.

D. The body needs less water on a cold day than in warm weather.

E. In fact,  running in cold weather helps improve one’s performance.

F. The test subjects were asked to run 10, 000 meters under both conditions.

G. Yet many runners might find it easier than running in hot weather.

【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文。寒冷的天气会阻止很多人跑步。研究人员通过研究发现在寒冷的冬天跑步要比夏天更能够提高人们的身体机能。

1.  【解析】选E。根据上文However,  a new study shows that the drop in temperature is a good reason to run. “然而, 一项新研究表明, 气温下降是跑步的绝佳时机”。E项“实际上, 在寒冷的天气中跑步有利于改善身体机能”, 切题。故选E。

2.  【解析】选G。根据下文的内容“这是因为低温环境能够降低身体的压力, 与温暖的环境相比, 在寒冷的天气跑步, 你的心率和身体的脱水程度更低”。可知, 冬天跑步比夏天容易。G项“然而, 还有许多跑步者发现严冬时节跑步比炎夏季节更容易”, 符合题意, 故选G。

3.  【解析】选D。根据上一句“在寒冷的天气跑步, 你的心率和身体的脱水程度更低”。 D项“与温暖的天气相比, 寒冷的天气身体需要的水更少”, 故选D。

4.  【解析】选F。根据上文“研究人员在房间里模拟夏天和冬天的环境”。F项“他们要求受试者在两种环境(冬天和夏天)下跑完10, 000米”符合题意, 故选F。

5.  【解析】选B。通读本段可知, 本段主要叙述对在寒冷环境下跑步的人来说, 最重要的是穿着。分析选项可知B项“穿上防滑鞋子以免摔倒”与其意义一致。故选B。

Ⅲ. 应用文写作

(2020·余姚模拟)

假定你是李华。因你班地理老师Mr Lee出差在外, 明天上午的地理课改为英国文学课, 请按以下要点口头告知大家:

1. 课程变动情况;

2. 说明原因;

3. 布置课前预习任务。

注意:

1. 词数80左右;

2. 可以适当增加细节, 以使行文连贯。

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【参考范文】

Everybody attention, please! The geography class tomorrow will be replaced by English literature, because Mr Lee, who is on a business trip in another city, can’t make it to have the class on time. In tomorrow’s literature class, we are to continue the novel we have been reading. Thus, before the class, we are required to look through the next chapter, get the rough idea and clarify the difficult words and patterns.

Thanks for your listening!