高三英语大一轮复习31-7 Unit 1 living well核心素养测评含解析

核心素养测评  三十一　选修7　 Unit 1　Living well

(限时35分钟)

Ⅰ. 阅读理解

A

Supercomputers which can analyse blood samples and predict which patients are likely to become seriously ill could save tens of thousands of lives a year,  it was revealed last night,  according to The Daily Express.

The artificial intelligence (AI) system,  developed at University College London and set to be piloted in NHS hospitals later this year,  will screen “at risk” patients so doctors can take early action to prevent death or serious illness. Prof Young,  a consultant surgeon at Southend University Hospital,  said: “I am so excited about this form of technology. ”Instead of people getting sick or dying because they are not picked up in time,  this will allow us to step in earlier which will save lives and an enormous amount of money. “I think the potential of AI in healthcare like this is as big as the Industrial Revolution was — and signals a completely new example in the way we manage healthcare. ”

The technology is the brainchild of Dr Vishal Nangalia,  a consultant at the Royal Free Hospital in London. He used AI to analyse a billion stored blood samples from 20 different UK hospital trusts dating back up to 12 years. Computers assess blood test results by picking up subtle changes in red and white blood cells,  suggesting a patient is going downhill.

He found the technique forecast outcomes of patients with kidney problems with up to 95 percent accuracy. Traditional methods highlighting serious patient concerns picked up as few as 16 percent of patients who went on to die. “This gives us the opportunity not only to save lives but to prevent serious illness,  making the health service not only safer but more efficient. ” Prof Young said,  “Instead of waiting for people to get worse,  we will be able to treat them earlier. ”

【文章大意】本文是一篇科普类短文。文章主要介绍超级计算机能够分析血样并预测哪些病人可能会患上重病, 每年可以挽救数万人的生命。

1. What does the underlined word “screen” in Paragraph 2 mean?

A. comfort. 　 B. treat. 　 C. spot. 　 D. nurse.

【解析】选C。词义猜测题。根据第二段so doctors can take early action to prevent death or serious illness. 以便医生能够及早采取行动, 预防死亡或严重疾病, 可以猜测出, 人工智能将用于对高危病人进行“筛查”。此处screen意为“筛查”。故选C。

2. How do supercomputers help save lives?

A. By storing blood samples.

B. By analyzing patients’ cases.

C. By observing changes in blood cells.

D. By assisting doctors with their operations.

【解析】选C。细节理解题。根据第三段Computers assess blood test results by picking up subtle changes in red and white blood cells,  suggesting a patient is going downhill. 可知, 计算机通过检测红细胞和白细胞的细微变化来评估血液检测结果。故选C。

3. Why did Professor Young mention the Industrial Revolution?

A. To show the influence of AI.

B. To stress the importance of healthcare.

C. To introduce the topic of supercomputers.

D. To present the achievement he has accomplished.

【解析】选A。推理判断题。根据第二段“I think the potential of AI in healthcare like this is as big as the Industrial Revolution was — and signals a completely new example in the way we manage healthcare. ” 杨教授认为, 人工智能在医疗保健领域的潜力与工业革命一样大, 以此类比, 说明人工智能在医疗领域的影响力。故选A。

4. What do we know about the new technology?

A. It helps patients recover earlier.

B. It has helped save thousands of lives.

C. It will promote the health service greatly.

D. It is intended for patients with kidney diseases.

【解析】选C。推理判断题。根据最后一段“Instead of waiting for people to get worse,  we will be able to treat them earlier. ” 可知, 这项技术将能够更早地治疗患者, 而不是坐等病情恶化, 从而推断, 人工智能这一科技帮助医生对疾病诊疗早预判, 早介入, 从而帮助挽救大量生命, 将大大促进医疗卫生服务。故选C。

B

(2020·余姚模拟)

The evidence for harmony may not be obvious in some families. But it seems that four out of five young people now get on well with their parents,  which is the opposite of the popularly-held image of unhappy teenagers locked in their room after endless family quarrels.

An important new study into teenage attitudes surprisingly shows that their family life is more harmonious than it had ever been in the past. “We were surprised by just how positive today’s young people seem to be about their families, ” said one member of the research team. “They’re expected to be rebellious(叛逆的) and selfish but actually they have other things on their minds:they want a car and material goods,  and they worry about whether school is serving them well. There’s more negotiation(商议) and discussion between parents and children,  and children expect to take part in the family decision-making process. They don’t want to rock the boat. ”

So it seems that this generation of parents is much more likely than parents of 30 years ago to treat their children as friends. “My parents are happy to discuss things with me and willing to listen to me, ” says 17-year-old Daniel Lazall. “I always tell them when I’m going out clubbing. As long as they know what I’m doing,  they’re fine with me. ” Susan Crome,  who is now 21,  agrees. “Looking back on the last 10 years,  there was a lot of what you could call negotiation. For example,  as long as I’d done all my homework,  I could go out on a Saturday night. But I think my grandparents were a lot stricter with my parents than that. ”

Maybe this positive view of family life should not be unexpected. It is possible that the idea of teenage rebellion(反抗) is not rooted in real facts. A researcher comments,  “Our surprise that teenagers say they get along well with their parents comes because of a brief period in our social history when teenagers were regarded as different beings. But that idea of rebelling and breaking away from their parents really only happened during that one time in the 1960s when everyone rebelled. The normal situation throughout history has been a smooth change from helping out with the family business to taking it over. ”

【文章大意】本文是说明文。一个重要的新研究表明:与三十年前的父母相比, 现在的父母给孩子更多的自由;这一代的父母更有可能像朋友一样对待自己的孩子, 所以他们的家庭生活比以往过去的任何时候都更加和谐。

5. According to the author,  teenage rebellion ______.  

A. may be a false belief

B. is common nowadays

C. existed only in the 1960s

D. resulted from changes in families

【解析】选A。推理判断题。根据第四段“It is possible that the idea of teenage rebellion is not rooted in real facts(青少年叛逆可能不是事实)”推出“may be a false belief”。故选A。

6. The study shows that teenagers don’t want to ______.  

A. share family responsibility

B. cause trouble in their families

C. go boating with their family

D. make family decisions

【解析】选B。细节理解题。根据文章第二段“There’s more negotiation and discussion between parents and children,  and children expect to take part in the family decision-making process. They don’t want to rock the boat. ”看出“孩子们与父母讨论协商, 期待参与家庭一些决策, 但他们不想rock the boat”, 意思是to do sth. that upsets a situation and causes problems(捣乱, 惹麻烦), 推出答案B。

7. Compared with parents of 30 years ago,  today’s parents ______.  

A. go to clubs more often with their children

B. are much stricter with their children

C. care less about their children’s life

D. give their children more freedom

【解析】选D。细节理解题。根据文章第三段所给的一些事例及But I think my grandparents were a lot stricter with my parents than that. 可知与30年前的父母相比, 现在的父母给他们的孩子更多的自由, 所以选D。

8. What is the best title for the text?

A. Negotiation in family.

B. Education in family.

C. Harmony in family.

D. Teenage trouble in family.

【解析】选C。主旨大意题。根据文章第一句(本文的主题句), 可知这篇文章主要讲了家庭的和谐问题, 所以选C。

　【知识拓展】佳词积累

1. evidence　　　　　　n. 证据

2. harmony n.  和谐

3. process n.  过程, 流程

4. comment n. /v.  评价, 评论

5. break away from 摆脱, 挣脱

Ⅱ. 阅读填句

　　根据短文内容, 从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。

Reading books is one of the best hobbies. It not only helps you pass your time but also helps you increase your knowledge in a meaningful manner. 　1　 Here we will give you a few tips that can help you.  

·Fall into the habit of borrowing books to read.

This is a very old school practice but still it can be highly effective (有效的). When you borrow a book,  there is obviously a deadline (期限) set. 　2　  

·Read everywhere.

Keep a book in your bag and read it anywhere you go. This will help you to pass your time in a very productive manner. 　3　 Anyway,  you can read your book 24 hours a day.  

·　4　  

This can easily be described as a new school technique. You can read out to your brother or sister and this will enable you to finish your book as well as increase the knowledge and understanding of your brother or sister.

·Choose your books very carefully.

 　5　 Thus choose your books very carefully in order to enjoy your time and also finish your book effectively. If you choose a good book that can keep you interested for a longer period of time,  there is no way that you are going to leave it incomplete.  

A. Read out to someone else.

B. Realize the importance of reading books.

C. Therefore,  it is necessary to develop the reading habit.

D. Find an excuse to read every day just by visiting book clubs.

E. Yes,  life is too short to read a book that doesn’t impress you.

F. It doesn’t matter whether you are traveling or are about to sleep.

G. This can encourage you to read it often to finish the book on time.

【文章大意】读书很重要, 读书有很多好处。关于怎样培养好的读书习惯作者给了几点建议。

1. 【解析】选C。上文列举了读书的好处, 下句给出几点有帮助的建议。C项:因此很有必要发展读书习惯, 承上启下, 故选C。

2. 【解析】选G。本段讲养成借书读的好习惯, 上句讲借书读比较高效因为有期限。G项:这样会鼓励你按时读完, 承接上句符合本段内容, 故选G。

3. 【解析】选F。本段讲要随处读书, F项:旅游时或打算睡觉时读书都没关系, 与标题中的everywhere呼应, 符合本段内容。故选F。

4. 【解析】选A。根据本段You can read out to your brother or sister及下文这样做的好处, 可知本段讲要给别人读出来, A项适合作为标题, 故选A。

5. 【解析】选E。本段讲要认真选书, 下句:因此为了享受你的时间和有效读书, 要认真选书。E项:生命很短, 没时间读一本不会给你留下印象的书, 与下句连接, 讲原因。故选E。

Ⅲ. 应用文写作世纪金榜导学号

(2020·台州模拟)

假定你是李华, 你校即将举行“给农村小学捐书” (Donating Books to Rural Primary Schools)活动, 现向全校招募志愿者, 你的笔友Peter来信向你咨询有关情况, 请你写一封回信, 要点如下:

1. 简单介绍该项活动;

2. 志愿者所需条件。

注意:

1. 词数80左右;

2. 可适当增加细节, 以使行文连贯。

____________________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________

【参考范文】

Dear Peter,

Delighted to receive your letter inquiring something about Donating Books to Rural Primary Schools,  I am writing to inform you of some detailed information.

The activity is aimed to help rural primary schools by sending various kinds of books to those students,  which can not only broaden their horizons,  but also cultivate their capabilities of thinking and learning independently and critically. Additionally,  the volunteers should be diligent and optimistic,  assuring them to face some setbacks during the process of this activity.

If you have any question about this project,  please contact me without any hesitation.

Yours sincerely,

Li Hua

【备选要点】

　　Attention from strangers is nothing new to me. Questions about my height are the center of almost every public interaction. My friends say my height is just a physical quality and not a personality aspect. However,  when I reflect on my life,  I realize that my height has shaped my character in many ways and has helped to make me who I am.

I learned how to be kind. When I was younger,  some parents in my neighborhood regarded me kind of dangerous because I was so much larger than other children of my age. I had to be extra welcoming and gentle simply to play with other children. Of course,  now my coaches wish I weren’t quite so kind on the basketball court.

I learned the quality of not being too proud about myself. At 7 feet tall,  everyone expects me to be an amazing basketball player. They come expecting to see Dirk Nowitzki,  and instead they might see a performance more like Will Ferrell (successfully starred a professional basketball player). I have learned to be modest and to work even harder than my fellows to meet their (and my) expectations.

I developed a sense of lightheartedness. When people playfully make fun of my height,  I laugh at myself too. On my first day of high school,  a girl dropped her books in a busy hallway. I got down to her level and gathered some of her notebooks. As we both stood up,  her eyes widened as I kept rising over her. Astonished,  she dropped her books again. Embarrassed,  we both laughed and picked up the books a second time.

All of these lessons have defined me. Looking back,  I realize that through years of such experiences,  I have become a confident,  expressive person. Being a 7-footer is both a blessing and a curse (诅咒),  but in the end,  accepting who you are is the first step to happiness.

【文章大意】这是一篇夹叙夹议文。文章用轻松和幽默的语气, 以豁达和自嘲的态度, 讲述作者由于长得高而引发的种种经历。

1. Why does the author often draw attention from strangers?

A. He is interested in public interaction.

B. He has a unique personality.

C. He is physically strong.

D. He is extremely tall.

【解析】选D。细节理解题。由第一段“Attention from strangers is nothing new to me. Questions about my height is the center of almost every public interaction. ”以及第三段“At 7 feet tall,  everyone expects me to be an amazing basketball player. ”可知, 陌生人的关注对我来说一点也不新鲜了。有关我的身高问题几乎是每次公众交流的中心。7英尺高, 每个人都期望我成为一名出色的篮球运动员。所以作者经常引起陌生人的注意是因为他很高。故D选项正确。

2. When he was young,  the author intended to be more friendly just to ______.  

A. gain extra favor

B. play with other children

C. prove his kindness

D. please his coach

【解析】选B。细节理解题。由第二段“I had to be extra welcoming and gentle simply to play with other children”可知, 为了和其他孩子一起玩, 我必须格外热情和温柔。作者小时候为了能够和其他孩子一起玩耍, 就要表现得更加友好, 这样其他孩子才不会因为他的身高而不和他一起玩。故B选项正确。

3. It can be inferred from Para. 3 that ______.  

A. Dirk Nowitzki was an awful basketball player

B. the author seldom disappointed his basketball fans

C. the author expected to make something better of himself

D. Will Ferrell was better at playing basketball than Dirk Nowitzki

【解析】选C。推理判断题。由第三段I learned the quality of not being too proud about myself. 及I have learned to be modest and to work even harder than my fellows to meet their (and my) expectations. 可知, 我学会了不自傲的品质。我学会了谦逊, 并且比同龄人更加努力, 以达到他们的和我的期望。所以判断出作者希望自己能做得更好。故C选项正确。

　【知识拓展】　长难句分析

Looking back,  I realize that through years of such experiences, I have become a confident,  expressive person.

分析:looking back是伴随状语。

翻译:回顾过去, 我意识到, 通过这些年的经历, 我已成为一个自信的、善于表达的人。