高三英语大一轮复习36-8 Unit 1 a land of diversity核心素养测评含解析

核心素养测评  三十六　选修8　 Unit 1　A land of diversity

(限时35分钟)

Ⅰ. 阅读理解

A

Every country has certain cultural patterns making it unique. Of course,  habits and customs between cultures and countries tend to overlap(重叠). The popularity of social media,  for instance,  ignores borders and breaks down cultural differences. Technology has made the world a much smaller and culturally similar place. However,  when looking at a foreign country,  we will always find differences between our traditions and theirs. Young Italians and young Americans,  for example,  though alike in many respects,  have also some noticeable differences,  especially when it comes to work,  pastimes and sports.

Most American teens have part-time jobs through high school and college. Youths in Italy tend not to. The reasons behind this are multifaceted. It is,  to begin with,  rather hard in Italy to find the type of part-time jobs students usually take up. Moreover,  there is also a different cultural attitude to take into consideration,  especially when thinking of certain parts of Italy. Young Italians like to enjoy life to the full and feel there will be time to work once they become adults,  therefore lacking interest in finding odd jobs while still in school. Like the old saying goes,  some Italians work to live,  while some Americans often live to work.  

In a lot of ways,  young Italians and Americans spend their free time in a similar fashion. Listening to music,  watching movies,  hanging out,  practicing sports and surfing the Internet are all common ways to pass some free time. Italians,  especially,  make a point of going out and being social,  often choosing between pizzeria or birrerie (place for pizza or beer),  which stays open late. Italians often pile into a couple of cars and go out in a big group. In general,  American teens participate in a lot of extracurricular (课外的) activities,  many often through school,  while Italians may not take part in so many.

When going out, Italian teens tend to meet and gather on the streets of their cities or towns,  something not as common in the United States,  especially in highly populated areas. This very Italian habit can be linked to the urban arrangement of Italian towns. Many of them date back thousands of years and feature central piazzas(广场) and areas built around historical sites that have now become gathering places for the young. If you’re in Italy,  don’t be surprised by the sight of hundreds gathered in a piazza or on the street,  laughing and drinking the night away.

【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了意大利年轻人和美国年轻人在对待工作、娱乐方面的一些明显的差异。

1. The passage is mainly about ______.  

A. the unique lifestyles shared by American and Italian teens

B. the relationship between young people of America and Italy

C. some customs and habits of the Americans and Italians

D. some differences in tradition between young Americans and Italians

【解析】选D。主旨大意题。根据第一段可知, 意大利年轻人和美国年轻人虽然在很多方面都很相似, 但也有一些明显的差异, 尤其是在工作、娱乐和体育方面。文章主要内容围绕着美国和意大利年轻人的一些传统差异展开, 故选D。

2. By saying “some Italians work to live,  while some Americans often live to work”,  the author most probably wants to tell us that ______.  

A. Italians have a better life attitude toward working

B. Americans are more diligent and thus live a better life

C. Americans and Italians both find it hard to locate a satisfying job

D. Italians and Americans have different choices regarding work

【解析】选D。句意理解题。根据第二段可知意大利年轻人是为了生活而去工作, 而美国的年轻人活着是为了工作, 作者想要通过这句话告诉我们意大利人和美国人在工作上有不同的选择。故选D。

3. According to paragraph 3, which of the following statements is true?

A. American teens practice sports and surf the Internet to pass time.

B. Italian youths take an active part in extracurricular activities.

C. American teens like to drive out and social together in big groups.

D. Italian youths enjoy pizza and beer because they are cheap.

【解析】选A。细节理解题。根据第三段可知在很多方面, 年轻的意大利人和美国人以相似的方式度过他们的空闲时间。听音乐、看电影、出去玩、锻炼身体和上网都是打发空闲时间的常见方式。美国青少年通过运动和上网来打发时间是正确的。故选A。

4. If there is one more paragraph in this passage,  what will it most probably be about?

A. The working conditions of the young Americans and Italians.

B. The differences in practicing sports between teens of the two nations.

C. The central piazzas and areas built around historical sites in Italy.

D. The urban arrangement of the highly populated American cities.

【解析】选B。推理判断题。根据第一段可知作者想要说明意大利年轻人和美国年轻人在工作、娱乐和运动方面的差异;第二段内容谈论了工作方面的差异;第三、四段谈论了娱乐方面, 因此接下来会谈到运动方面的差异。故如果这篇文章还有一段话, 最有可能是关于两国青少年在运动方面的差异。故选B。

　【知识拓展】长难句分析

1. Moreover,  there is also a different cultural attitude to take into consideration,  especially when thinking of certain parts of Italy.

分析:to take into consideration是定语, 修饰attitude;when引导时间状语从句。

翻译:而且, 还有一个要考虑到的是不同的文化态度, 尤其是当考虑到意大利的某些地区时。

2. Italians,  especially,  make a point of going out and being social,  often choosing between pizzeria or birrerie (place for pizza or beer),  which stays open late.

分析:choosing. . . 是伴随状语;which引导定语从句。

翻译:意大利人尤其重视出门社交, 常常去闭店晚的pizzeria或birrerie(吃披萨或喝啤酒的地方)。

B

世纪金榜导学号

These days,  it seems like everyone wants to go out into space and live on new planets. Rather than depend on another pre-existing planet,  could we make a new,  proper planet ourselves?

To start with,  if we do want to be living on it,  we should find a good place in space to put the new planet. We’d want it to be in a habitable zone,  meaning the planet should be at the right distance from its star to make sure there would be perfect temperatures and most importantly,  liquid(液态的) water.

We’d also need the right materials to make the planet. Our Earth is made up of many different elements(元素). If we made our own new planet we’d probably want it to have similar elements and a similar structure(结构). We’d also want enough water to form some oceans.

But even if we get all of the materials creating a new planet like Earth could have many troubles. It might be something more like a huge space station. It would be pretty expensive if we wanted it to be super big.

We would probably also need a lot of food since there’s going to be many scientists and astronauts out in space working on this project!

According to NASA,  each astronaut uses about 0. 83 kilograms of food per meal,  including 0. 12 kilograms of packaging(包装) material. Without the weight of the packaging material,  we’d need about 780 kilograms of food just to feed one astronaut for a year.

Putting all these together could make it possible to make our own planet one day!  In reality,  creating a new planet would probably require a very modern technology and there would be tons of other things to think about. And if this is even possible,  it likely won’t happen for a very long time.

【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文, 介绍了创造一个新的、适合居住的星球需要具备的因素。

5. What’s the first thing we should do if we want to create a new planet?

A. To prepare enough food.

B. To design its inner structure.

C. To find a proper place to set the planet.

D. To collect materials similar to our Earth.

【解析】选C。细节理解题。由第二段“To start with,  if we do want to be living on it,  we should find a good place in space to put the new planet”可知, 首先, 如果我们想生活在新的星球上面, 我们应该在太空中找到一个好地方来安置这个新行星。所以如果我们想创造一个新的星球, 我们应该做的第一件事是找到一个合适的地方来安置这个星球。故选C项。

6. What does the underlined word “it” in Paragraph 3 refer to?

A. Our Earth. 　　　　　 B. Outer space.

C. The new planet. 　　　 D. The ocean water.

【解析】选C。词义猜测题。由第三段“If we made our own new planet we’d probably want it to have similar elements and a similar structure”可知, 如果我们创造了自己的新星球, 我们可能希望它有相似的元素和相似的结构。所以通过上下文语境可以判读出, 第三段中带下划线的“it”一词指的是新星球。故选C项。

7. How much food does an astronaut actually eat each meal?

A. About 0. 12 kilograms.

B. About 0. 71 kilograms.

C. About 0. 83 kilograms.

D. About 0. 95 kilograms.

【解析】选B。细节理解题。由倒数第二段“According to NASA,  each astronaut uses about 0. 83 kilograms of food per meal,  including 0. 12 kilograms of packaging material. ”可知, 根据美国国家航空航天局的数据, 每个宇航员大约每顿饭需要0. 83千克的食物, 包括0. 12千克的包装材料。所以一个宇航员实际上每顿饭吃掉的食物为:0. 83千克-0. 12千克=0. 71千克。故选B项。

8. What does the author think of creating a planet?

A. It is a waste of money and time.

B. It should be one of NASA’s next plans.

C. It is not a good idea for humans.

D. It won’t come true in the near future

【解析】选D。推理判断题。由最后一段可知, 事实上, 创造一个新的星球可能需要一种非常现代的技术, 而且会有很多其他的事情需要考虑。即使这是可能的, 但在很长一段时间内也是不会实现的。所以通过关键词“a very modern technology, tons of other things to think about,  won’t happen”可知, 作者认为创造一个新星球在不远的将来是不可能实现的。故选D项。

【知识拓展】佳词积累

1. habitable　　　adj. 适合居住的

2. element n. 要素;基本部分

3. in reality 实际上

Ⅱ. 阅读填句

　　根据短文内容, 从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。

Researchers from the Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania found that eating late at night may cause some terrible diseases. 　1　.  

Namni Goel, one of the researchers,  said, “Eating late can promote a negative effect of weight,  energy and hormone markers. ” This isn’t the first time a study has suggested that late night snacking could be harmful to your health. 　2　.  

•It can affect your memory:According to American researchers,  snacking late at night could negatively affect your memory. The study,  from the University of California,  involved more than 500 people. 　3　. The study found their memory was deeply influenced.  

•It makes you hungrier the next day:Many people think eating late can help reduce the amount of breakfast the next morning. 　4　. Eating late at night can have you feel hungrier than usual when you wake up the next morning thanks to the insulin (胰岛素) released after a meal.  

•It increases the risk of a heart attack:Researchers from Dokuz Eylül University assessed more than 700 adults with high blood pressure and they have found that eating dinner after 7pm could increase the risk of suffering a heart attack.

•　5　:According to experts,  eating late at night (especially heavy foods) and going to sleep shortly after is a key contributor to stomach diseases.  

A. Actually,  they are wrong

B. It creates uneasiness of the stomach

C. So people should never eat late,  especially the old

D. They had very good memory when they were young

E. Here are the reasons why you should avoid eating late at night

F. Most of these people often ate at irregular hours,  especially at night

G. It can increase the risk of heart disease or suffering a heart attack

【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文, 介绍了吃夜宵对人的身体会产生很大的危害。

1. 【解析】选G。根据前句Researchers from the Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania found that eating late at night may cause some terrible diseases. (来自于宾夕法尼亚大学佩雷尔曼医学院的研究人员说吃夜宵会引起一些疾病), 可知选择G项(它会提高患心脏病的风险), 与前句联系紧密。

2. 【解析】选E。下文主要介绍了四种吃夜宵的严重后果, E项(下边就是一些你不应该在晚上吃东西的原因), 总领下文。

3. 【解析】选F。根据前句The study,  from the University of California,  involved more than 500 people. (一项加利福尼亚大学的研究涉及了500多人), 所以选择F项(这些人中大多数饮食不规律, 尤其会在晚上吃东西), 与前句联系紧密。

4. 【解析】选A。根据前句Many people think eating late can help reduce the amount of breakfast the next morning. (多数人认为晚上吃得晚, 第二天的早餐就能少吃点), 可知选A项(但是他们的想法是错的。), 后句说到, 其实吃的晚会让人第二天早晨更饿。

5. 【解析】选B。本段主要介绍吃得晚对胃不好, 会引起胃部疾病, B选项是本段中心句, 与下文一致。

Ⅲ. 应用文写作

(2020·宁波十校模拟)

假定你住在一个涉外小区, 社区委员会请你帮忙用英文以短文的形式写一封电子邮件, 将周末农家采摘活动的安排传达给住户。

要点:

时间:下周六上午8:00至11:00

内容:采摘苹果

报名时间:下周四下午5:00前

报名时间:社区办公室

提示:带帽子, 手套等。

注意:

1. 词数80左右;

2. 可适当增加细节, 以使行文连贯。

参考词汇:社区community

____________________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________

【参考范文】

Dear neighbors,

Our community is going to organize an activity for all the members. Next Saturday,  we are going to pick apples in a village 20 kilometers away from our community. We will meet at 8:00 am at the gate of the community and be back at about 11 o’clock. If interested,  please sign up at the community office before 5:00 pm next Thursday so that we can make necessary arrangements. Don’t forget to bring a hat and a pair of gloves with you.

Looking forward to your participation!

Community Office