高中外研版 (2019)Unit 2 Lessons in life当堂检测题

Unit 2 Lessons in life

单元综合检测(二)

(时间：100分钟　满分：120分)

Ⅰ.阅读理解(共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分)

A

Washington，D.C.Bicycle Tours

Cherry Blossom Bike Tour in Washington，D.C.

Duration：3 hours

This small group bike tour is a fantastic way to see the world­famous cherry trees with beautiful flowers of Washington，D.C.Your guide will provide a history lesson about the trees and the famous monuments where they blossom.Reserve your spot before availability — and the cherry blossoms — disappear!

Washington Capital Monuments Bicycle Tour

Duration：3 hours(4 miles)

Join a guided bike tour and view some of the most popular monuments in Washington，D.C.Explore the monuments and memorials on the National Mall as your guide shares unique facts and history at each stop.The guided tour includes bikes，helmets，cookies and bottled water.

Capital City Bike Tour in Washington，D.C.

Duration：3 hours

Morning or Afternoon，this bike tour is the perfect tour for D．C.newcomers and locals looking to experience Washington，D.C.in a healthy way with minimum effort.Knowledgeable guides will entertain you with the most interesting stories about Presidents，Congress，memorials，and parks.Comfortable bikes and a smooth tour route(路线)make cycling between the sites fun and relaxing.

Washington Capital Sites at Night Bicycle Tour

Duration：3 hours(7 miles)

Join a small group bike tour for an evening of exploration in the heart of Washington，D.C.Get up close to the monuments and memorials as you bike the sites of Capitol Hill and the National Mall.Frequent stops are made for photo taking as your guide offers unique facts and history.The tour includes bikes，helmets，and bottled water.All riders are equipped with reflective vests and safety lights.

【语篇解读】　本文主要介绍了在华盛顿特区骑自行车观光的四条路线。

1．Which tour do you need to book in advance?

A．Cherry Blossom Bike Tour in Washington，D.C.

B．Washington Capital Monuments Bicycle Tour.

C．Capital City Bike Tour in Washington，D.C.

D．Washington Capital Sites at Night Bicycle Tour.

A　[细节理解题。根据第一条旅行路线介绍的最后一句“Reserve your spot before availability — and the cherry blossoms — disappear！”可知，选择第一条旅行路线需要提前预订。]

2．What will you do on the Capital City Bike Tour?

A．Meet famous people.

B．Go to a national park.

C．Visit well­known museums.

D．Enjoy interesting stories.

D　[细节理解题。 根据第三条旅行路线介绍中的“Knowledgeable guides will entertain you with the most interesting stories about Presidents, Congress，memorials，and parks.”可知，选择这条旅行路线的游客可以在观光过程中听导游讲有趣的故事。]

3．Which of the following does the bicycle tour at night provide?

A．City maps.　　　 B．Cameras.

C．Meals. D．Safety lights.

D　[细节理解题。第四条旅行路线是夜间游览，根据该部分的最后一句“All riders are equipped with reflective vests and safety lights.”可知，该路线为夜间骑车观光的游客提供反光背心和安全灯。]

B

I work with Volunteers for Wildlife，a rescue and education organization at Bailey Arboretum in Locust Valley.Trying to help injured，displaced or sick creatures can be heartbreaking；survival is never certain.However，when it works，it is simply beautiful.

I got a rescue call from a woman in Muttontown.She had found a young owl(猫头鹰)on the ground.When I arrived，I saw a 2­to 3­week­old owl.It had already been placed in a carrier for safety.

I examined the chick(雏鸟)and it seemed fine.If I could locate the nest，I might have been able to put it back，but no luck.My next work was to construct a nest and anchor it in a tree.

The homeowner was very helpful.A wire basket was found.I put some pine branches into the basket to make this nest safe and comfortable.I placed the chick in the nest，and it quickly calmed down.

Now all that was needed were the parents，but they were absent.I gave the homeowner a recording of the hunger screams of owl chicks.These advertise the presence of chicks to adults；they might also encourage our chick to start calling as well.I gave the owner as much information as possible and headed home to see what news the night might bring.

A nervous night to be sure，but sometimes the spirits of nature smile on us all! The homeowner called to say that the parents had responded to the recordings.I drove over and saw the chick in the nest looking healthy and active.And it was accompanied in the nest by the greatest sight of all — LUNCH! The parents had done their duty and would probably continue to do so.

【语篇解读】　这是一篇记叙文，讲述了作者作为一个野生动物救助和教育机构的志愿者，成功救助一只猫头鹰雏鸟的经历。

4．What is unavoidable in the author's rescue work according to Paragraph 1?

A．Efforts made in vain.

B．Getting injured in his work.

C．Feeling uncertain about his future.

D．Creatures forced out of their homes.

A　[推理判断题。根据第一段的“Trying to help injured，displaced or sick creatures can be heartbreaking；survival is never certain.”可知，救助野生动物有时会让人感到心碎，因为即使努力挽救它们，也不能保证它们都会活下来。因此答案为A。]

5．Why was the author called to Muttontown?

A．To rescue a woman.

B．To take care of a woman.

C．To look at a baby owl.

D．To cure a young owl.

C　[细节理解题。根据第二段的“I got a rescue call from a woman in Muttontown.She had found a young owl(猫头鹰)on the ground.”可知，这位女士给作者打电话是为了让他来救助一只猫头鹰雏鸟。]

6．What made the chick calm down?

A．A new nest. B．Some food.

C．A recording. D．Its parents.

A　[细节理解题。根据第四段的“I put some pine branches into the basket to make this nest safe and comfortable...it quickly calmed down.”可知，作者做的鸟巢非常舒服，所以把这只猫头鹰雏鸟放进去后，它很快安静下来。]

7．How would the author feel about the outcome of the event?

A．It's unexpected. B．It's beautiful.

C．It's humorous. D．It's discouraging.

B　[推理判断题。根据最后一段可知，通过播放猫头鹰雏鸟饥饿时发出的叫声的录音，这只猫头鹰雏鸟最终与它的父母团聚，而且它的父母开始给它喂食，再结合第一段最后一句“However，when it works，it is simply beautiful.”可判断，作者付出的努力没有白费，因而结果是美好的。]

C

Preparing Cities for Robot Cars

The possibility of self­driving robot cars has often seemed like a futurist's dream，years away from materializing in the real world.Well，the future is apparently now.The California Department of Motor Vehicles began giving permits in April for companies to test truly self­driving cars on public roads.The state also cleared the way for companies to sell or rent out self­driving cars，and for companies to operate driverless taxi services.California，it should be noted，isn't leading the way here.Companies have been testing their vehicles in cities across the country.It's hard to predict when driverless cars will be everywhere on our roads.But however long it takes，the technology has the potential to change our transportation systems and our cities，for better or for worse，depending on how the transformation is regulated.

While much of the debate so far has been focused on the safety of driverless cars (and rightfully so)，policymakers also should be talking about how self­driving vehicles can help reduce traffic jams，cut emissions(排放) and offer more convenient，affordable mobility options.The arrival of driverless vehicles is a chance to make sure that those vehicles are environmentally friendly and more shared.

Do we want to copy — or even worsen — the traffic of today with driverless cars? Imagine a future where most adults own individual self­driving vehicles.They tolerate long，slow journeys to and from work on packed highways because they can work，entertain themselves or sleep on the ride，which encourages urban spread.They take their driverless cars to an appointment and set the empty vehicle to circle the building to avoid paying for parking.Instead of walking a few blocks to pick up a child or the dry cleaning，they send the self­driving minibus.The convenience even leads fewer people to take public transport — an unwelcome side effect researchers have already found in ride­hailing(叫车) services.

A study from the University of California ， Davis suggested that replacing petrol­powered private cars worldwide with electric，self­driving and shared systems could reduce carbon emissions from transportation 80% and cut the cost of transportation infrastructure(基础设施)and operations 40% by 2050.Fewer emissions and cheaper travel sound pretty appealing.The first commercially available driverless cars will almost certainly be fielded by ride­hailing services，considering the cost of self­driving technology as well as liability and maintenance issues(责任与维护问题)．But driverless car ownership could increase as the prices drop and more people become comfortable with the technology.

Policymakers should start thinking now about how to make sure the appearance of driverless vehicles doesn't extend the worst aspects of the car­controlled transportation system we have today.The coming technological advancement presents a chance for cities and states to develop transportation systems designed to move more people, and more affordably.The car of the future is coming.We just have to plan for it.

【语篇解读】　本文讨论了有关无人驾驶汽车的问题。

8．According to the author，attention should be paid to how driverless cars can         ．

A．help deal with transportation­related problems

B．provide better services to customers

C．cause damage to our environment

D．make some people lose jobs

A　[细节理解题。根据第二段中的“While much of the debate...mobility options.”以及第三段中的“Do we want to copy — or even worsen — the traffic of today with driverless cars？” 可知，应该注意随着无人驾驶汽车的出现所产生的问题。故选A。]

9．As for driverless cars，what is the author's major concern?

A．Safety.　　　　　　　 B．Side effects.

C．Affordability.　　　　 D．Management.

D　[细节理解题。根据第一段中的“But however long it takes...how the transformation is regulated.” 可知，作者最关心自动驾驶的监管问题。故选D。]

10．What does the underlined word “fielded” in Paragraph 4 probably mean?

A．Employed. B．Replaced.

C．Shared. D．Reduced.

A　[词义猜测题。根据上下文可知，此处表示“考虑到无人驾驶技术的成本和责任与维护问题，叫车服务(公司)将运用第一批可使用的商业无人驾驶汽车”，fielded在这里引申为“使用，应用”之意，故选A。]

11．What is the author's attitude to the future of self­driving cars?

A．Doubtful.　　　 B．Positive.

C．Disapproving.　 D．Sympathetic.

B　[观点态度题。根据第一段中的“Well，the future is apparently now.”，第二段中的“The arrival of driverless vehicles is a chance to make sure that those vehicles are environmentally friendly and more shared.”以及最后一段中的“The coming technological advancement...plan for it.”可知，作者对无人驾驶汽车的未来持积极正面的态度。故选B。]

D

Futurologists(未来学家)predict that life will probably be very different in 2050 in all the fields of activity，from entertainment to technology.First of all，it seems that TV channels will have disappeared by 2050.Instead，people will choose a programme from a “menu”(菜单)and a computer will send the programme directly to the television.Today，we can use the World Wide Web to read newspaper stories and see pictures on a computer thousands of kilometres away.By 2050，music，films，programmes，newspapers and books will come to us by computer.We will also be able to see，smell and touch the things that we see on television.

In transport，cars will run on new，clean “gas” and they will go very fast.Cars will have computers to control the speed of the car and there won't be any accidents.Today，many cars have computers that tell drivers exactly where they are.By 2050，the computer will control the car and drive it to where you want to go.Space planes will fly all over the world and people will fly from Los Angeles to Tokyo in just two hours.

In technology，robots will have replaced people in factories.Many factories already use robots.Big companies prefer robots — they do not ask for pay rises or go on strike，and they work 24 hours a day.By 2050，we will see robots everywhere — in factories，schools，offices，hospitals，shops and homes.

Last but not least，medicine technology will have conquered many diseases.By 2050，we will be able to help blind and deaf people see again and hear again.Scientists will be able to produce clones of people and decide how they look，how they behave and how much intelligence they have.

【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文。文章从娱乐、交通、机器人、医药学等角度对2050年人类生活的变化进行了展望。

12．What is NOT true about television by 2050 according to this passage?

A．One will be able to smell the food on television.

B．One can have a try of the food he or she sees on television.

C．There will be no channels for us to choose programmes.

D．Televisions will be completely controlled by computers.

B　[细节理解题。第一段最后一句提及未来人们可以看、闻、触摸电视上的东西，但没有提及可以品尝。故B项表述与文章不符。]

13．What can be the development of transport that benefits people most by 2050?

A．Cars will go at a very high speed on their own.

B．Space planes will fly all over the world in a short time.

C．There will be less pollution and no car accidents.

D．Computers will tell people where they are going.

C　[细节理解题。第二段前两句提及“clean ‘gas’”与“there won't be any accidents”，因此C项正确。]

14．It can be implied in the passage that by 2050         ．

A．people will live more healthily and longer

B．computers will control the speed of cars

C．people can read newspapers through a computer

D．there will be no people working in factories

A　[推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“medicine technology will have conquered many diseases”判断，未来人们会更健康、更长寿。]

15．What is the author's attitude towards people's life in future?

A．Doubtful.　 B．Sad.

C．Happy.　 D．Worried.

C　[观点态度题。作者在叙述未来生活各个领域的变化时，给予了积极评价，如clean，in just two hours，prefer，conquer等词汇的应用，体现了作者积极乐观的态度。因此选C。]

Ⅱ.阅读七选五(共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分)

Empathy，the Key to Being Kind

In science class，your teacher tells everyone to find a partner for a project.Out of the corner of your eye，you notice one girl sitting alone and not making eye contact with anyone.You think about asking her to be your partner，but you're afraid people will think you're uncool.You don't reach out to them.  16 

Empathy is being able to understand and actually feel what someone else is feeling.For some people，this comes naturally；for others，it takes a bit more work.  17  When you practice being empathetic，it gets easier to make kindness part of your everyday life.If you can understand why people are feeling down，you'll want to help them.Here are some ideas that can help you.

  18  Not being able to find a group in class might not seem like a big deal — but part of being kind is noticing when someone seems sad，hurt or uncomfortable.After all，you have to notice how people feel in order to feel empathy and want to help them!

When you're trying to make kindness second nature，really getting other people's feelings is important.  19  Think about a time when you felt that way.Didn't you wish someone would reach out to you? If someone had offered you a few words of comfort，wouldn't it have made you feel so much happier?

So，when you find people around you who are feeling down next time，do not hesitate to put yourself in their shoes and reach out to them with a kind gesture.  20  There is always a time when you expect others to relate to you and feel what you feel.

A．And your kindness will be finally rewarded.

B．But empathy is super important to being kind.

C．Be open to learning more about what you don't understand.

D．One way to practice empathy is to pay attention to the people around you.

E．However，you never know showing empathy may make all the difference to her.

F．You don't have to have a similar background to someone else to feel empathy for them.

G．Whenever you find someone might be feeling lonely or sad，put yourself in his shoes.

【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了“移情”的作用和定义，并介绍了如何让自己更好地帮助别人、理解别人。

16．E　[分析文章结构可知，本空用来引入本文的话题，在这里起到承上启下的作用。结合标题“Empathy，the Key to Being Kind”可知，空处说明你可以通过“移情”解决问题，引出对“移情”的作用的介绍，所以选E项。]

17．B　[根据空后一句中的“it gets easier to make kindness part of your everyday life”可以判断，“移情”对使善良成为每日生活的一部分非常重要，故B项正确。]

18．D　[根据本段内容可知，本段介绍的是如何实现“移情”；结合本段尾句可知，本段主要陈述“关注周围的人”这一方法，故D项正确。]

19．G　[根据空前的“really getting other people's feelings”和空后的“Think about a time when you felt that way.”可知，理解别人的情感十分重要，据此可以判断，G项与此处匹配。]

20．A　[根据空前一句中的“do not hesitate...with a kind gesture”及空后一句可知，当你遇到沮丧的人时，应当毫不犹豫地设身处地为他们着想并伸出援助之手，因为总会有一些时候，你也期待别人能理解你。据此可以判断，A项符合语境。]

Ⅲ.完形填空(共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分)

Mary，16，was suffering from cancer.As a father，Mitchell always stayed home to care for her.He said the   21   left them financially worse off.Then a group called Growing Hope   22   in with $1，800 to help with his living costs.

  23  ，he wanted to pay it back.In his youth，he had been a   24  ．So at age 40，Mitchell took up the   25   again，participating in two fights in Fairfax.During this time，he   26   his daughter.And for six months，he did little but mourn.

One day，Mitchell   27   a Mark Twain quote — The two most important days in your life are the day you are born，and the day you  28   why.“After I read that quote，I was going to spend the   29   of my life helping kids with cancer and their families，” he said.

Mitchell thought of creating a foundation，yet boxing did not seem practical anymore for fundraising，due to his age.Then he found that   30  could be a source to raise money.In the Corps Marathon，he cut a striking figure on the course.  31   by this success，he set his sight higher.He   32   each of the miles of the race to a different child with cancer，and he carried their   33   with him.Years after his daughter's death，Mitchell now   34   up in the morning knowing his   35  ．

【语篇解读】　本文是一篇记叙文。Mitchell在女儿去世后受到马克·吐温一个名言的启发，加入陆战队马拉松，并把钱都捐献给身患癌症的孩子们，从而发现了自己在社会中的作用。

21．A.atmosphere B．phenomenon

C．situation　 D．poverty

C　[根据空前的“As a father，Mitchell always stayed home to care for her.”可知，因为Mary患有癌症，父亲Mitchell要待在家里照顾女儿。这种情况(situation)使得家庭经济状况变得越来越糟糕，故选C项。]

22．A.brought B．stepped

C．took　 D．broke

B　[根据语境和下文可知，后来，一个名为“Growing Hope”的组织伸出援手(step in)，给他了1 800美元的生活费。]

23．A.Grateful B．Hopeful

C．Sorrowful　 D．Helpful

A　[根据空后的“he wanted to pay it back ”可知，Mitchell对这个组织是非常感激的(grateful)。]

24．A.runner B．singer

C．boxer　 D．fighter

C　[根据下文第四段中的“boxing”一词可知，Mitchell年轻时是一名拳击手。故选C项。]

25．A.helmets B．gloves

C．boxes　 D．sneakers

B　[根据空后的“participating in two fights in Fairfax”可知，Mitchell又开始接受挑战了。take up the gloves表示“接受挑战”，符合语境。]

26．A.cured B．accompanied

C．comforted　 D．lost

D　[根据下一句中的“he did little but mourn”以及文章最后“Years after his daughter's death”可知，这个时候，他失去(lose)了他的女儿。]

27．A.came upon B．agreed to

C．looked at　 D．depended on

A　[根据下文中的“After I read that quote”可知，Mitchell偶然(come upon)读到马克·吐温的一个名言。]

28．A.consider B．ask

C．discover　 D．make

C　[根据语境可知，人生中另外一个重要的日子是你发现(discover)自己为何出生。]

29．A.forces B．rest

C．energy　 D．resources

B　[根据下文内容可知，Mitchell在余下的(rest)日子里开始帮助那些患有癌症的孩子。故选B项。]

30．A.funds B．singing

C．running　 D．projects

C　[根据空后的“In the Corps Marathon”可知，然后Mitchell发现可以通过跑步来筹钱。故选C项。]

31．A.Depressed B．Moved

C．Shocked　 D．Inspired

D　[在此次马拉松比赛中，Mitchell在比赛场上崭露头角。在此成功的激励(inspire)下，他把眼光放得更高，故选D项。]

32．A.ran B．donated

C．competed　 D．conveyed

B　[根据空后的“to a different child with cancer”可知，Mitchell把比赛的每一分钱都捐(donate)给了身患癌症的孩子们。故选B项。]

33．A.smiles B．parents

C．strengths　 D．pictures

D　[Mitchell随身带着他们的照片(picture)。故选D项。]

34．A.stands B．goes

C．wakes　 D．climbs

C　[根据空后的“in the morning”可推知，此处表示在早晨醒来的时候，故选C项。]

35．A.time B．what

C．course　 D．why

D　[根据上文中提到的马克·吐温的名言中的“why”可知，选D项。]

Ⅳ.语法填空(共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分)

In 1863 the first underground passenger railway in the world opened in London.It ran for just under seven kilometers and allowed people to avoid terrible

36.        (crowd)on the roads above as they travelled to and 37.        work.It took three years to complete and was built using an interesting method.This included digging up the road，38.        (lay)the track and then building a strong roof over 39.        top.When all those had been done，the road surface was replaced.

Steam engines 40.        (use)to pull the carriages and it must have been

41.        (fair)unpleasant for the passengers，with all the smoke and noise.However，the railway quickly proved to be a great success and within six months，more than 25，000 people were using L42.        every day.

Later，engineers 43.        (manage)to construct railways in a system of deep tunnels(隧道)，which became known as the Tube.This development was only possible with the 44.        (introduce)of electric­powered engines and lifts.The Central London Railway was one of the most 45.        (success)of these new lines，and was opened in 1900.It had white­painted tunnels and bright red carriages，and proved extremely popular with the public.

【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了英国伦敦地铁的发展。

36．crowds　[考查名词复数。crowd是可数名词，且前面没有限定词，故应用复数形式。]

37．from　[考查介词。travel to and from work上下班。]

38．laying　[考查非谓语动词。included后的dig，lay，build是三个并列的动作，根据digging及building可知，lay也应用动名词形式。]

39．the　[考查冠词。此处特指“地铁的顶部”，故用定冠词the。]

40．were used　[考查时态和被动语态。steam engines与use是被动关系，且动作发生在过去，故用一般过去时的被动语态。]

41．fairly　[考查词性转换之形容词变为副词。所填词修饰形容词unpleasant，故用fair的副词形式fairly。]

42．it　[考查代词。use是及物动词，其后接宾语，此处很明显缺少代词。分析句意可知，此处用it指代上文提到的the railway。]

43．managed　[考查时态。全文讲述的是发生在过去的事情，故用一般过去时。]

44．introduction　[考查词性转换之动词变为名词。空格前是the，其后接名词。introduce的名词形式是introduction。]

45．successful　[考查词性转换之名词变为形容词。“one of the＋形容词最高级＋可数名词复数”表示“最……的……之一”，此处应填success的形容词形式successful。]

Ⅴ.应用文写作(满分15分)

假定你是李华，你的美国朋友Peter来信和你就野生动物的保护展开讨论。请你用英语写一封回信，内容包括：

1．野生动物所处的现状；

2．保护野生动物面临的困难；

3．你的想法。

注意：1.词数80左右；

2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；

3．开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。

Dear Peter，

I'm writing to discuss with you about wildlife protection.

I'm looking forward to your reply.

Yours，

Li Hua

【参考范文】　

Dear Peter，

I'm writing to discuss with you about wildlife protection.As we know，some wildlife is in danger due to environmental destruction and many wild animals are on the edge of extinction because of hunting.

Though it's necessary to take measures to help those animals，the measures are difficult to carry out.Firstly，many people lack the awareness of wildlife protection，resulting in hunting the animals illegally.Besides，few people are willing to provide money for animal protection as they think it is of no use to them.

In my opinion，the government should make more laws to protect wildlife.Last but not least，I think it is everyone's duty to protect wildlife.

I'm looking forward to your reply.

Yours，

Li Hua

Ⅵ.概要写作(满分25分)

阅读下面短文，根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。

Advertising plays a major role in the competitive business world.Many industries take advantage of the power of advertising to attract or to win customers away from their business competitors.The influence of advertising is so huge that it causes many people to buy things that they don't want at the start.

Advertising encourages people to buy things they don't want through misleading ideas.Advertising is proven to be a successful tool to stress the features of their products to the public even though it's regarded undesirable such as cigarettes，drugs，alcohol and so on.For example，Dunhill，a cigarette company which sponsors many football teams，seems to be promoting cigarettes to the public.Without the sponsorship，the company will be less known to the public，resulting in fewer sales of cigarettes.

 Besides that，advertising has a large influence on the decisions made by the people in their everyday life.Many businesses use advertising as a form of promoting to create awareness about their products in the market.For instance，in a fast food industry，the introduction of a new flavor of burger needs advertising to reach the public while the other burgers require advertising to increase sales.Children，especially，are easily influenced by advertisements and will have the desire to dine at fast food restaurants after that.Although fast food is bad for health，it has successfully become appealing to the public through advertising.

 However，advertising plays a part in helping customers to compare a product in terms of price，quality，reliability and so on.Without advertising，it will be very difficult for customers to judge the worthiness of a product.For example，advertisements published by various companies have given the customers the opportunity to choose wisely when they are purchasing an item.Without the power of advertising，customers will be stuck to a brand which may not offer the best choice.

【参考范文】

Advertising is essential to many companies and serves as an instrument to appeal to customers.(要点1)Advertising，tempting customers into buying products sometimes unfavorable，turns out to promote the sales.(要点2)But for advertising，people might not have acquainted themselves with the products.(要点3)To its credit，people can make decisions more wisely by contrast.(要点4)