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专题12 Unit 4单元过关检测【暑假自学课】
第二部分 阅读(共两节，满分50分)
第一节(共15小题：每小题2.5分，满分37.5分)
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
A
（2021·陕西省子洲中学高一开学考试）Four popular children’s books
Que Cosas Dice Mi Abuela
Spanish-speaking parents will love this fun book—which was translated into “The things my grandmother says” —in which a grandmother teaches manners (规矩) to her grandchildren and their friends using traditional Spanish-language sayings. Written in the voice of a little boy talking about his regular day, this book will draw the interest of both adults and kids.
I Like Myself!
Parents won’t mind reading the story over and over to their kids because as they pass along the message that their kids are perfect just the way they are—no matter their untidy hair, or whether they are fast or slow, their kids will learn about confidence.
Dragons Love Tacos(炸玉米饼)
While books with a deep message are great, sometimes you and your child just want to read something silly to get the laughs rolling. The New York Times bestseller, Dragons Love Tacos is a great read for kids and parents as it talks about how much dragons really love tacos, but when they eat something spicy (辛辣的) you had better watch out! The book has more words than some of the other picks on our list, so this might be fit for a preschoolers and up.
The Little Fingers and Ten Little Toes
As everyone knows nothing is sweeter than small baby fingers and cute baby toes and here, from two of the most gifted picture books, readers could enjoy a different joyful world and also bring the happy feelings to everyone, everywhere, all over the world!
1．Who will choose the first book?
A．Parents who want to make their children laugh.
B．Parents who want their children to become polite.
C．Parents who want their children to become more confident.
D．Parents who want their children to read special stories.
2．Why will parents like to read I Like Myself! to kids many times?
A．It has more words than other books.
B．It encourages kids to be confident.
C．There are some beautiful pictures in it.
D．It contains many funny games for kids.
3．Which of the books will Tom choose if he’s interested in animals?
A．Que Cosas Dice Mi Abuela
B．I Like Myself!
C．Dragons Love Tacos
D．The Little Fingers and Ten Little Toes
【导语】本文是一篇应用文，主要介绍的是四本受欢迎的儿童读物的相关信息。
1．【答案】B
【解析】细节理解题。根据Que Cosas Dice Mi Abuela部分的“Spanish-speaking parents will love this fun book—which was translated into “The things my grandmother says” —in which a grandmother teaches manners (规矩) to her grandchildren and their friends using traditional Spanish-language sayings.(说西班牙语的父母会喜欢这本有趣的书——它被翻译成“我的祖母说的话”——在这本书中，祖母用传统的西班牙语谚语教她的孙子和他们的朋友礼貌。)”可知，希望孩子变得有礼貌的父母会选择第一本书，故选B。
2．【答案】B
【解析】推理判断题。根据I Like Myself!部分的“because as they pass along the message that their kids are perfect just the way they are—no matter their untidy hair, or whether they are fast or slow, their kids will learn about confidence.(因为当他们告诉他们的孩子，他们的孩子就是完美的，无论他们的头发凌乱，或他们是快还是慢，他们的孩子将学会自信。)”可知，父母会喜欢很多次地给孩子读I Like Myself!是因为它鼓励孩子们变得自信。故选B。
3．【答案】C
【解析】推理判断题。根据Dragons Love Tacos (炸玉米饼) 部分的“Dragons Love Tacos is a great read for kids and parents as it talks about how much dragons really love tacos, but when they eat something spicy (辛辣的) you had better watch out!(《龙爱炸玉米饼》对孩子和父母来说是一本很好的读物，因为它讲述了龙是多么喜欢玉米饼，但当它们吃辛辣的东西时，你最好小心！)”可知，Dragons Love Tacos这本书讲了关于龙的事情，因此如果汤姆对动物感兴趣，他会选这本书，故选C。
B
（2021·安徽师范大学附属中学高一开学考试）Disneyland’s opening day, July 17, 1955, was a nightmare. Rides broke down. Restaurants ran out of food and drink. Long lines formed at bathrooms. All in front of a national audience of 90 million, Disney’s opening day would be known in Disney history as Black Sunday. But Disneyland’s story actually twenty years earlier with what Walt Disney called “Daddy’s Day”.
On Saturdays in the 1930s and 1940s, Disney would take his two daughters to ride the Griffith Park merry-go-round. Disney saw the amusement parks they often visited as dirty and unimaginative places run by unfriendly employees. He thought he could do better.
In 1939, he asked two employees to work on a plan for an amusement park. The pair spent six weeks visiting parks around the country and came up with a proposal （提议）.
In 1948, Disney laid out his plans for a Mickey Mouse Park, which included a town square, a city hall, a fire station and a movie theater.
By 1952 the idea had grown into a 16-acre park proposal that he presented to Burbank, California official. However, the City Council didn’t accept the proposal.
Disney counted the refusal as a fortunate setback. By now, his dreams for a theme park had gone far beyond the space available in Burbank. He examined locations throughout Southern California. 160-acre land, 22 miles south of Los Angeles, was soon chosen.
Groundbreaking took place in July 1954, and Disney walked the site daily to offer direction and encouragement.
Disneyland wasn’t ready on opening day, but Disney decided to open the gates anyway to the media and invited guests. After the madness of opening day, newspaper headlines wrote: “Walt’s Nightmare”. The media foresaw a quick and early end.
However, the public didn’t listen. Visitors arrived in droves, and within weeks Disneyland was a success. Within two months, the park had welcomed its millionth visitor. Sixty years later, Disneyland’s popularity continues to grow, and shows no signs of slowing down with total overall attendance topping 700 million.
4．What made Disney come up with the idea of building a park?
A．His six-week visit to all the national parks.
B．The good business opportunities in this industry.
C．His unpleasant experience in other amusement parks.
D．The unfriendly attitudes of employees in Griffith Park.
5．What does the underlined sentence in the passage mean?
A．The refusal gave Disney a bigger chance. B．Disney felt very lucky with his proposal.
C．The refusal made Disney feel frustrated. D．Disney was ready to accept the refusal.
6．In the media’s opinion, Disneyland ________.
A．grew very quickly B．had a hopeless future
C．would be a great success one day D．should be responsible for the public
7．How did the author mainly develop the passage?
A．By discussing important events. B．By explaining reasons.
C．By making comparisons. D．By following time order.
【导语】本文是记叙文。作者按时间顺序，讲述了建造迪士尼乐园的起因，开业第一天的混乱场面，以及最后的成功。
4．【答案】C
【解析】细节理解题。文章第二段“On Saturdays in the 1930s and 1940s, Disney would take his two daughters to ride the Griffith Park merry-go-round. Disney saw the amusement parks they often visited as dirty and unimaginative places run by unfriendly employees. He thought he could do better. (在20世纪三四十年代的周六，迪士尼会带他的两个女儿去乘坐格里菲斯公园的旋转木马。迪斯尼看到他们经常去的游乐园很肮脏，很无趣，并且员工也不是很友好。他认为自己可以做得更好。)”可知，迪士尼想建公园，是因为自己和孩子不好的经历。故选C项。
5．【答案】A
【解析】词句猜测题。第五段“However, the City Council didn’t accept the proposal. (然而，城市委员会拒绝了他的提案。)”第六段“By now, his dreams for a theme park had gone far beyond the space available in Burbank. He examined locations throughout Southern California. 160-acre land, 22 miles south of Los Angeles, was soon chosen. (到现在，他对主题公园的梦想已经远远超出了Burbank。他考察了整个南加州的地点。很快就选定了位于洛杉矶以南22英里处的160英亩土地。)”结合上下文，作者之前被拒绝，但后来拓宽了视野，想到去Burbank之外建公园。因此划线句的意思是这一拒绝给了迪士尼一个更大的机会。故选A项。
6．【答案】B
【解析】推理判断题。第八段“After the madness of opening day, newspaper headlines wrote: “Walt’s Nightmare”. The media foresaw a quick and early end. (在开幕日的疯狂之后，报纸头条写道：“Walt的噩梦”。媒体预测这个游乐园很快就会关门。)”可知，媒体认为迪士尼乐园前途渺茫。故选B项。
7．【答案】D
【解析】推理判断题。根据文章中的时间“In 1939， In 1948,By 1952，in July 1954”，可知，作者以时间顺序在讲解迪士尼的发展历程。故选D项。
C
（2022·河北·石家庄市第二十四中学高一开学考试）It was a large fish market northwest of Mumbai. Shark fins were sent onto tables. Tens of millions of sharks are killed for the fin trade every year, and a quarter of the world’s sharks, rays, and ghost sharks are in danger. The international trade in many species is not allowed, but it can be nearly impossible for wildlife officials to tell whether the fins here are from protected species.
The samples could be sent to n lab for DNA testing, but the test would take a full day.   But Shaili Johri, a post doctoral biology researcher at San Diego State University, had a handheld device, or tool, that can say what species a part belongs to in a short time, using only a small tissue (组织) sample. The gene sequencing (基因序列测定) done by the MinION device, which she was testing out at the fish market, is a promising new tool to help fight the illegal shark fin trade.
Johri with another author recently published a study in the journal Scientific Reports explaining the first use of the new device for keeping sharks and other wild animals safe from attacks. The smartphone-sized device is made by UK-based Oxford Nanopore Technologies. It has been used for the recognition of Ebola virus, among others. It is also likely to help prevent wildlife crime.
It requires a small tissue sample and a laptop. It can tell a species in three or four hours. But it has one downside the tool costs $1,000, including two original cartridges (测试盒). Every following sequencing cartridge, which can do 12 samples at once, costs an extra $500. That’s roughly $42 per sample. The traditional DNA analysis method costs as little as $5 a sample.
Hollie Booth, a sharks and rays advisor, says the MinION could have lots of practical uses, including controlling wildlife trade across countries or illegal fishing in markets. And the possibilities of this device aren’t just limited to sharks. These tools could be used to recognize elephant ivory, pangolin scales, and various other wildlife.
8．What did Johri use the MinION for at the fish market?
A．Collecting tissue from endangered fish.
B．Discovering sharks’ gene sequences.
C．Recognizing the species of a shark.
D．Saving sharks losing their fins.
9．What does the new study mainly tell us about the MinION?
A．How it can help reduce wildlife crime.
B．Its use for wildlife protection purposes.
C．How it was developed by a UK company.
D．Its influence on different scientific fields.
10．What is a disadvantage of the MinION?
A．It makes mistakes at times. B．It requires more time.
C．It is hard to use. D．It is expensive.
11．What does Booth probably think of the MinION?
A．It will save many kinds of animals. B．It should be used after further research.
C．It must make technological improvements. D．It needs more support from wildlife officials.
【导语】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了基因测序仪可以用于基因测序，打击非法鱼翅交易，还可以用来保护其他野生动物。
8．【答案】C
【解析】细节理解题。根据第二段“But Shaili Johri, a post doctoral biology researcher at San Diego State University, had a handheld device, or tool, that can say what species a part belongs to in a short time, using only a small tissue sample.（但圣地亚哥州立大学博士后生物学研究员沙伊利·乔里有一个手持设备或工具，只需一个小的组织样本，就能在短时间内说出一个部分属于哪个物种。）”可知，乔里在鱼市上使用MinION辨别鲨鱼的种类。故选C项。
9．【答案】B
【解析】细节理解题。根据第三段“Johri with another author recently published a study in the journal Scientific Reports explaining the first use of the new device for keeping sharks and other wild animals safe from attacks.（乔里和另一位作者最近在《科学报告》杂志上发表了一项研究，解释了第一次使用这种新装置来保护鲨鱼和其他野生动物免受攻击。）”可知，这项新的研究主要介绍了使用MinION这种新装置的目的是保护野生动物。故选B项。
10．【答案】D
【解析】推理判断题。根据第四段“But it has one downside the tool costs $1,000, including two original cartridges. Every following sequencing cartridge, which can do 12 samples at once, costs an extra $500. That’s roughly $42 per sample. The traditional DNA analysis method costs as little as $5 a sample.（但它也有一个缺点：该工具的价格为1000美元，包括两个原装测试盒。接下来的每一个测序盒，一次可以做12个样本，都需额外花费500美元。每件样品大约42美元。传统的DNA分析方法只需5美元一个样本。）”可知，MinION的缺点是价格高。故选D项。
11．【答案】A
【解析】推理判断题。根据最后一段“Hollie Booth, a sharks and rays advisor, says the MinION could have lots of practical uses, including controlling wildlife trade across countries or illegal fishing in markets. And the possibilities of this device aren’t just limited to sharks.（鲨鱼和鳐鱼顾问霍莉·布斯表示MinION可能有很多实际用途，包括控制各国的野生动物贸易或在市场上非法捕鱼。这种装置的可能性不仅限于鲨鱼。）”可知，布斯认为MinION能够拯救许多种类的动物。故选A项。
D
（2022·辽宁朝阳·高一开学考试）When you think of a national park, you generally picture fresh air and wild animals, right? Well, now you’re going to have to add tea shops and something called “the Tube” to your definition, because London, England has signed up to be the first “National Park City.”
London was established by the Romans around 2, 000 years ago and has been continually inhabited(居住于)since then. In all that time, however, nobody had the idea to replace all the parks with big box stores or high buildings, which means London already has a much lower urban density(密度)than most of the world’s cities. Nowadays about a third of the city is green space.
In July 2019, London announced its willingness to become the world’s first National Park City. Now the city is moving toward the goal of achieving 50% green space by the year 2050 by connecting and expanding public parks, greening up unused parking lots and the private yards of existing and new houses, fixing some green roofs on existing buildings and even cutting holes in fences for wildlife to pass through.
“Inspired by the aims and values of our precious rural national parks, the London National Park City is basically about making life better in the capital through both small everyday things and long-term strategic thinking,” Daniel Raven-Ellison, who began the campaign to make London a National Park City six years ago, said in a press release. “We’ve been doing that in London for centuries, which is why London is so green and diverse.”
London will have a much easier job to achieve this type of green transformation than more densely-urbanized cities like Paris and New York, which have 10% and 27% green space, respectively. But that doesn’t mean it’s not possible—the National Park City Foundation hopes to employ 25 more cities in addition to London by the year 2025. Glasgow, Scotland and Newcastle upon Tyne in northeast England are all currently considering becoming National Park Cities.
12．What can we know about London from the text?
A．About thirty percent of the city is green space. B．It has a history of about 1, 000 years.
C．It has a much higher urban density. D．It was established by the Greeks.
13．What is Daniel Raven-Ellison trying to talk about in the fourth paragraph?
A．London’s long-term strategic thinking. B．The cost of London’s green space.
C．The effects of national parks on London. D．The significance of London’s campaign.
14．Where can we find the data on London’s measures to achieve its goal?
A．In Paragraph 1. B．In Paragraph 2. C．In Paragraph 3. D．In Paragraph 4.
15．What can we infer from the last paragraph?
A．It is so difficult for London to become a national park city.
B．National park cities are springing up around the world.
C．Trying to be a national park city is turning new trend.
D．National park cities are making improvements to our life.
【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章讲述英国伦敦已经注册成为第一个“国家公园城市”及这次行动的目标及重要性，使许多城市都在努力成为国家公园城市，这已经变成了一种流行的趋势。
12．【答案】A
【解析】细节理解题。根据第二段“Nowadays about a third of the city is green space. (如今，大约三分之一的城市是绿色空间。)”可知，30%的城市是绿色空间，故选A项。
13．【答案】D
【解析】段落大意题。根据第四段““Inspired by the aims and values of our precious rural national parks, the London National Park City is basically about making life better in the capital through both small everyday things and long-term strategic thinking,” Daniel Raven-Ellison, who began the campaign to make London a National Park City six years ago, said in a press release. “We’ve been doing that in London for centuries, which is why London is so green and diverse.” (六年前就开启了使伦敦成为国家公园城市运动的Daniel Raven-Ellison在一份新闻稿中说：“受到我们珍贵的农村国家公园的目标和价值观的启发，伦敦国家公园城基本上是通过日常琐事和长期战略思维使首都的生活更美好”。“几个世纪以来，我们一直在伦敦这样做，这就是为什么伦敦如此绿色和多样化”。)”可知，伦敦国家公园城市基本上是为了改善首都的生活。伦敦行动正在把城市变得更美丽、更多样化，环境更清新。由此推知本段讲述使伦敦成为国家公园城市运动的重要性，故选D项。
14．【答案】D
【解析】细节理解题。根据第三段“Now the city is moving toward the goal of achieving 50% green space by the year 2050 by connecting and expanding public parks, greening up unused parking lots and the private yards of existing and new houses, fixing some green roofs on existing buildings and even cutting holes in fences for wildlife to pass through. (现在，该市正在朝着到2050年实现50%绿色空间的目标迈进，通过连接和扩大公园，绿化未使用的停车场以及现有的私人院子和新房屋，在现有建筑物上修复一些绿色屋顶，甚至在围栏上凿洞供野生动物通过。)”可知，现在该市正朝着到2050年实现50%绿地率的目标迈进。接着提到了实现这一目标的数据资料，故选C项。
15．【答案】C
【解析】推理判断题。根据最后一段“But that doesn’t mean it’s not possible—the National Park City Foundation hopes to employ 25 more cities in addition to London by the year 2025. Glasgow, Scotland and Newcastle upon Tyne in northeast England are all currently considering becoming National Park Cities. (但这并不意味着这是不可能的。国家公园城市基金会希望到2025年在伦敦之外再雇佣25个城市。格拉斯哥，苏格兰和英格兰东北部的泰恩河畔纽卡斯尔目前正在考虑成为国家公园城市。)”可知，国家公园城市基金会希望到2025年，除了伦敦之外，还能再雇佣25个城市。因此推断许多城市都在努力成为国家公园城市，这已经变成了一种流行的趋势。故选C项。
第二节(共5小题：每小题2.5分，满分12.5分)
阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
（2021·河北省博野中学高一开学考试）Friendship is a very important human relationship and everyone needs good friends. But there are times in our lives such as when we have recently moved into a new town, or changed our schools or jobs. Such changes often leave us without a friend. ____16____ But for many of us, the process is difficult and requires courage. Below are some helpful suggestions on how to make and keep friends.
Associate with others.
The first step to make friends is associating with people. You can go to public places to meet new people. Besides, you will need to make yourself known by becoming an active member of such places.
Start a conversation.
Starting a conversation is the second most important step in making new friends. ____17____ You can always start the conversation. Being able to make small talk is a very useful skill in relating (关联的) with other people.
____18____
Choosing friends with common interests is important in building friendship as these interests always bring you and your friend together. Hanging out will always be a pleasant experience.
Let it grow.
It is a good thing to stay in touch. However, try not to press your new friend with calls, messages or visits as this would likely wear him or her out and finally you may lose your friend. ____19____
Enjoy your friendship.
The best way to enjoy your friendship is to allow your friends to be themselves. ____20____ Try not to change them from who they are to what you want them to be. Become the kind of friend you will want your friend to be.
A．Be cheerful.
B．Do things together.
C．Don't wait to be spoken to.
D．Try not to find fault with your friend.
E．Making new friends comes easy for some people.
F．For a friendship to develop you need to stay in touch.
G．So you will need to give your friend time to react to you.
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一些关于如何交朋友的方法。
16．【答案】E
【解析】根据后一句“But for many of us, the process is difficult and requires courage.”(但对我们很多人来说，这个过程是艰难的，需要勇气。)可知此处应该与后一句相反，E项中“easy”对应后一句“difficult”，“Making new friends”对应“the process”，“for some people”对应“for many of us”，E项意思“对一些人来说，结交新朋友很容易。”与空格后一句意思相反，故选E项。
17．【答案】C
【解析】根据后一句“You can always start the conversation.”可知，你要开始一个对话，也就是说，你要主动开始一个对话，不要等着别人先和你说话，故选C项。
18．【答案】B
【解析】此处是选择段落小标题。根据“these interests always bring you and your friend together”可知同样的兴趣爱好总是让你和你的朋友走到一起，所以这一部分主要是说和朋友一块做一些事，故选B项。
19．【答案】G
【解析】根据“try not to press your new friend with calls, messages or visits as this would likely wear him or her out and finally you may lose your friend.”可知不要通过电话，短信或亲自拜访给你的朋友施加压力，因为这可能会使对方疲惫不堪，最后你可能会失去友谊。也就是说不要通过过多的联系朋友而给他带来压力，而是要给朋友时间来对你做出回应，故选G项。
20．【答案】D
【解析】根据“allow your friends to be themselves”及“Try not to change them from who they are to what you want them to be.”可知要允许你的朋友们做他们自己，不要把他们从现在的样子变成你想要的样子，也就是不要对朋友太挑剔，故选D项。
第三部分 语言运用(共两节，满分30分)
第一节(共15小题; 每小题1分，满分15分)
阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
（2022·安徽省蚌埠第三中学高一开学考试）Nowadays, cellphones play a big part in our life. Besides being a means of communication, cellphones also provide ___21___ ---they allow listening to music, playing games, etc. So you probably often ___22___this Go into any restaurant and you’ll notice cellphones on the table are just as ___23___a sight as forks. Honestly, I always find the sight ____24____Imagine how you feel when your partner is interested in his cellphone ___25___ your talks.
A recent study was designed to __26__ the influence of cellphones on the ___27___ of phone users themselves. Two groups of volunteers were asked to have a meal with friends. The first group were told to ___28___ their cellphones during the meal ___29___ the second were not. The results showed a decrease in pleasure among the second group, who___30___ used their cellphones because they were close at hand. Besides, those who __31__ with someone face to face meanwhile using cellphones reported a greater sense of unhappiness, compared to those without a cellphone in hand.
Researcher Dunn says, “Using a phone at the table is contagious(传染的）.” His words are___32___
Yesterday when I was at a restaurant, I noticed a woman never once looked at her cellphone when waiting for food; so I fought the___33___ to look at mine; I wanted to___34___ her amazing standard.
Actually, what ___35___is what’s right in front of us. That’s where the real connections take place.
21．A．advice B．protection C．education D．enjoyment
22．A．choose B．consider C．experience D．expect
23．A．common B．funny C．special D．strange
24．A．amazing B．understandable C．uncomfortable D．curious
25．A．because of B．rather than C．along with D．other than
26．A．reduce B．collect C．use D．determine
27．A．decisions B．interests C．feelings D．characters
28．A．put away B．stick to C．pick up D．turn on
29．A．so B．because C．while D．if
30．A．hardly B．quickly C．indirectly D．frequently
31．A．communicated B．argued C．worked D．finished
32．A．true B．confusing C．friendly D．misleading
33．A．agreement B．fear C．wish D．ability
34．A．question B．design C．change D．follow
35．A．matters B．encourages C．challenges D．improves
【导语】这是一篇说明文，文章主要讲述手机对用户自身感受的影响。
21．【答案】D
【解析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：除了作为一种交流手段，手机也提供了乐趣——它们可以听音乐、玩游戏等等。A. advice建议；B. protection保护；C. education教育；D. enjoyment乐趣。根据空后“they allow listening to music, playing games, etc.(它们可以听音乐、玩游戏等等)”可知，此处指手机提供“乐趣”。故选D项。
22．【答案】C
【解析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：所以你可能经常会遇到这种情况。A. choose选择；B. consider考虑；C. experience经历；D. expect期望。结合语境可知，此处指“经历”过下文描述的事情。故选C项。
23．【答案】A
【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：走进任何一家餐馆，你都会注意到桌子上的手机就像叉子一样常见。A. common常见的，普遍的；B. funny有趣的；C. special特殊的；D. strange奇怪的，陌生的。叉子在饭店里应是很常见，故选A项。
24．【答案】C
【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：老实说，我总是觉得这种景象不舒服。A. amazing惊人的；B. understandable可以理解的；C. uncomfortable不舒服的；D. curious好奇的。根据下一句“Imagine how you feel when your partner is interested in his cellphone ___5___ your talks.”描述的一种假设可知，作者对于玩手机的景象感到不舒服。故选C项。
25．【答案】B
【解析】考查固定短语辨析。句意：想象一下，当你的伴侣对他的手机而不是你的谈话感兴趣时，你是什么感觉。A. because of由于；B. rather than而不是；C. along with连同……一起；D. other than除了。结合语境可知，作者此处是描述一种只顾玩手机的情景，指“对手机而不是谈话感兴趣”，故选B项。
26．【答案】D
【解析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：最近的一项研究旨在确定手机对手机用户自身感受的影响。A. reduce减少；B. collect收集；C. use使用；D. determine确定，下定决心。结合语境可知，这项研究是为了“确定”手机对用户感受的影响。故选D项。
27．【答案】C
【解析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：最近的一项研究旨在确定手机对手机用户自身感受的影响。A. decisions决定；B. interests兴趣；C. feelings感受；D. characters性格。结合下文“The results showed a decrease in pleasure among the second group (结果显示，第二组的快乐感有所下降)”可知，此处指手机对用户“感受”的影响。故选C项。
28．【答案】A
【解析】考查动词短语辨析。句意：第一组被要求在吃饭时把手机收起来，而第二组则没有。A. put away放好； B. stick to坚持；C. pick up捡起；D. turn on打开。根据下文“…the second group, who ___10___ used their cellphones because they were close at hand.”可知，第二组的手机在手边，说明第一组吃饭时把手机收起来。故选A项。
29．【答案】C
【解析】考查连词词义辨析。句意：第一组被要求在吃饭时把手机收起来，而第二组则没有。A. so所以；B. because因为；C. while然而，而；D. if如果。结合句意可知，此处是两组的对比，while符合题意。故选C项。
30．【答案】D
【解析】考查副词词义辨析。句意：结果显示，第二组人的快乐感有所下降，他们频繁使用手机因为手机就在身边。A. hardly几乎不；B. quickly快速地；C. indirectly间接地；D. frequently频繁地，经常。结合“because they were close at hand”可知，因为手机在手边，应是频繁使用手机。故选D项。
31．【答案】A
【解析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：此外，与没有手机的人相比，那些和人面对面交流的同时还是使用手机的人报告的不快乐感更大。A. communicated沟通；B. argued争辩，争论；C. worked工作；D. finished完成。结合上文“Two groups of volunteers were asked to have a meal with friends.(两组志愿者被要求和朋友一起吃饭。)”及语境可知，这项研究是让两组志愿者和朋友一起吃饭，所以此处指他们之间的“交流”。故选A项。
32．【答案】A
【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：他的话是对的。A. true真实的，正确的；B. confusing令人困惑的；C. friendly友好的；D. misleading误导的。结合下一段中作者看到一个女人不玩手机所以作者自己忍住不玩手机可知，此处指他说的“玩手机会传染”是对的。故选A项。
33．【答案】C
【解析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：所以我忍住想看手机的想法。A. agreement协议，共识；B. fear害怕；C. wish希望，想要的东西；D. ability能力。结合语境可知，作者想玩手机，看到一个女人不玩手机，所以和自己想玩手机的想法作斗争，wish符合题意。故选C项。
34．【答案】D
【解析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：我想遵循她惊人的标准。A. question提问；B. design设计；C. change改变；D. follow遵循，跟随。结合文章内容可知，作者也跟那位女人一样忍住不玩手机，所以此处指“遵循”她的标准。故选D项。
35．【答案】A
【解析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：实际上，重要的事情就在我们前面。A. matters要紧，有关系；B. encourages鼓励；C. challenges挑战；D. improves改善。根据后一句“That’s where the real connections take place. (那才是发生联系的地方。)”可知，此处指“要紧，重要的事情”。故选A项。
第二节(共10小题; 每小题1.5分，满分15分)
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
（2022·新疆·昌吉回族自治州第一中学高一开学考试）语法填空
On Sept 17, a giant panda ___36___ a white helmet (头盔) named “Bing Dwen Dwen”, and a red lantern baby called “Shuey Rhon Rhon”, were unveiled (揭晓) ___37___ the two mascots (吉祥物) for the 2022 Beijing Winter Olympic and Paralympic Games.
The giant panda ___38___(regard) as a symbol of China and the lantern is ___39___important element (元素) of Chinese New Year celebrations. The red image is a perfect fit for the gala (盛会) event, ___40___(especial) as the Games coincide (恰逢) with China's Lunar New Year celebration in February and March 2022. Meanwhile, the panda’s helmet represents modern society and ___41___(it) white color is suggestive of the snow and ice of winter sports.
“The two mascots combine traditional Chinese culture and a modern international style, as well as the characteristics of ice and snow sports, strongly ___42___(show) the Chinese people's eager expectations for the Games, and China's warm ___43___(invite) to friends from all over the world.” Beijing 2022 Games executive president Chen Jining told Xinhua.
“Bing” and “Shuey” are equivalent (对应) to “ice” and “snow” in English. “Dwen Dwen” means “robust (强壮), lively” while “Rhon Rhon” has the ___44___ (meaning) of “tolerance” and “integration (融合)”.
“They are designed ____45____(express) the Olympic spirit, including passion, perseverance, friendship and mutual understanding.” Chen told Xinhua.
【导语】这是一篇新闻报道。9月17日，戴着白色头盔的大熊猫“冰墩墩”和红灯笼宝宝“雪容融”作为2022年北京冬奥会和残奥会的两个吉祥物亮相。文章主要介绍了这两个吉祥物背后的象征意义。
36．【答案】in
【解析】考查介词。句意：9月17日，戴着白色头盔的大熊猫“冰墩墩”和红灯笼宝宝“雪容融”作为2022年北京冬奥会和残奥会的两个吉祥物亮相。根据后文a white helmet结合句意表示“戴着”应用介词in。故填in。
37．【答案】as
【解析】考查介词。句意：9月17日，戴着白色头盔的大熊猫“冰墩墩”和红灯笼宝宝“雪容融”作为2022年北京冬奥会和残奥会的两个吉祥物亮相。后跟名词作宾语，表示“作为”应用介词as。故填as。
38．【答案】V
【解析】考查固定短语。句意：大熊猫被认为是中国的象征，而灯笼是中国新年庆祝活动的重要元素。结合句意表示“被认为是……”可知短语为be regarded as，结合后文is可知为一般现在时，主语为The giant panda，谓语用单数。故填is regarded。
39．【答案】an
【解析】考查冠词。句意：大熊猫被认为是中国的象征，而灯笼是中国新年庆祝活动的重要元素。element为可数名词，此处为泛指应用不定冠词，且important是发音以元音音素开头的单词，应用an。故填an。
40．【答案】especially
【解析】考查副词。句意：红色的形象非常适合这一盛会，尤其是冬奥会正值2022年2月和3月的中国农历新年。修饰后文整个句子应用副词，especially故填especially。
41【答案】its
【解析】．考查代词。句意：同时，熊猫的头盔代表着现代社会，它的白色让人联想到冬季运动中的冰雪。修饰后文名词color应用形容词性物主代词its。故填its。
42．【答案】showing
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：北京2022年冬奥会执行主席陈吉宁接受新华社采访时表示：“这两个吉祥物结合了中国传统文化和现代国际风格，以及冰雪运动的特点，强烈展示了中国人民对奥运会的热切期待，以及中国对世界各国朋友的热情邀请。”分析句子结构可知show在句中应用非谓语动词形式，与逻辑主语The two mascots构成主动关系，故用现在分词作状语。故填showing。
43．【答案】invitation
【解析】考查名词。句意：北京2022年冬奥会执行主席陈吉宁接受新华社采访时表示：“这两个吉祥物结合了中国传统文化和现代国际风格，以及冰雪运动的特点，强烈展示了中国人民对奥运会的热切期待，以及中国对世界各国朋友的热情邀请。”作宾语，表示“邀请”应用名词invitation，表抽象概念不可数。故填invitation。
44．【答案】meanings
【解析】考查名词。句意：“墩墩”意味着“健壮、活泼”，而“容融”有“宽容”和“融合”的意思。作宾语，表示“意义”应用名词meanings，根据后文of “tolerance” and “integration (融合)”可知应用复数形式。故填meanings。
45．【答案】to express
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：陈告诉新华社：“它们旨在表达奥林匹克精神，包括激情、毅力、友谊和相互理解。”此处为短语be designed to do sth.。故填to express。
第四部分 写作(共两节，满分40分)
第一节(满分15分)
（2022·安徽省蚌埠第三中学高一开学考试）假定你是李华，你的英国朋友John 发来邮件询问你校课后活动的开展情况，请你给他回复，内容包括：
1. 你校有哪些课外活动；2.你喜欢的运动
2. 你的收获。
注意：1. 词数80左右；
2. 可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
【答案】Dear John,
Glad to hear from you. I’m happy to share with you something about the after-class activities in my school.
There are various kinds of after-class activities in my school, including the arts, speech contests, sports and so on. Among them, playing football is my favorite, which does me lots of good, not only building up my body, but also freeing me from the pressure of study. What’s more, I have also made many friends while playing football.
What's your favorite after-class activity? Looking forward to hearing about your amazing school life.
Yours,
Li Hua
第二节(满分25分)
阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
（2022·江西·南昌二中高一开学考试）阅读下面短文，根据所给情节进行续写，使之构成一个完整的故事。
“No 7, Jobie Nymble, takes the lead,” cried the announcer. “Just one more hurdle(跨栏) and...” Cheers broke out.
“Jobie Nymble from Riverside Middle School takes first place in the girls' 100-meter hurdles!” The crowd went wild.
“County championships(锦标赛), here we come,” screamed Jobie, patting her green track spikes(钉鞋). They were her lucky shoes and she loved them. “Next Saturday, we're taking home the gold,” Jobie whispered to her spikes, excitedly retying them.
“Don't forget, guys,” said Marisol, one of her teammates. “My birthday party is next Friday at Hidden Park.”
Next weekend couldn't come soon enough. Jobie smiled with excitement all week long. At track practice, she leaped over those hurdles faster than she'd ever leaped before. And it wasn't long before everything in her path was a hurdle: flowerpots in her front yard, sidewalk cracks on the way to the bus stop and even her little sister, Teka!
The day of Marisol's party, Jobie put on her favorite outfit: her blue shorts, an old track T-shirt from her dad, and her lucky spikes. “Perfect.” She smiled at herself in the mirror.
The party was under way when Jobie arrived at Hidden Park. She stopped by the track first, planning to do some practice.
“Jobie!” Two of Jobie's teammates rushed toward her, breathless and barefoot. “Come on,” they yelled. “You have to try the slide.”
Jobie looked toward the party area. Suddenly, she saw it. The biggest slide she had ever seen was on the far side of the park. Smiling kids zoomed down the slide at unspeakable speeds. Without thinking twice, Jobie took off her spikes and dashed(猛冲) toward the slide. Its ladder stretched to the sky, but she reached the top in no time, closed her eyes and let go.
Jobie couldn't get enough. She tried again and again. When it was finally time to go home, she unwillingly made her way back to the track where she'd left her shoes.
注意：
1. 所续写短文的词数应为150左右；
2. 至少使用5个短文中标有下划线的关键词语；
3. 续写部分分为两段，每段的开头语已为你写好；
4. 续写完成后，请用下划线标出你所使用的关键词语。
Paragraph 1:
As she eyed the area from a distance, panic set in.
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Paragraph 2:
The next day, Jobie turned up in a new pair of spikes for the championships.
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】范文
As she eyed the area from a distance, panic set in. Jobie picked up the pace, her heart pounding louder the closer she got. When she reached the place she'd left them, her heart sank. “My lucky spikes are gone!” she screamed. Jobie's teammates helped her search the whole park, but there was no sign of her lucky spikes. “So long, gold.” Jobie was hopeless, tears welling up in her eyes.
The next day, Jobie turned up in a new pair of spikes for the championships. Uneasily, Jobie shuffled her feet. For her, the loss of her lucky spikes meant the loss of the gold medal. “Next up is the girls' 100-meter hurdles,” said the announcer. Jobie took several deep breaths, and her teammates encouraged her as she walked down to the starting line. Feeling inspired, Jobie decided to try her best. In a flash, Jobie was off and cleared hurdle after hurdle. She got closer and closer, and cheers broke out. Wearing a wide smile, Jobie whispered, “No lucky spikes. Lucky me.”
【解析】本文以人物为线索展开，讲述了丢失了钉鞋后，乔比·尼姆布尔穿着新钉鞋，克服不适，努力完成跨栏比赛的故事。
1.段落续写：
①由第一段首句内容“当她从远处看着那片区域时，她开始恐慌了”可知，第一段可描写乔比·尼姆布发现钉鞋丢了以及她当时的心情。
②由第二段首句内容“第二天，乔比穿着一双新的钉鞋出现在锦标赛上”可知，第二段可描写乔比穿着新钉鞋来参加比赛的不适以及自我的调整和努力，最终完成了比赛。
2.续写线索：钉鞋丢失——心情沮丧——穿着新钉鞋——努力——完成比赛
3.词汇激活
行为类
1.鼓励：inspire/encourage/motivate
2.大喊：scream/shout
3.决定做某事：determine to do sth/decide to do sth
情绪类
1.绝望的：desperate /hopeless
2.沮丧，失落：heart sink /feel low
[高分句型1]. Feeling inspired, Jobie decided to try her best. （现在分词作状语）
[高分句型2]. When she reached the place she'd left them, her heart sank.. （由when引导的时间状语从句）