第04讲 形容词和副词--2022年新七年级英语暑假预习专题讲解（人教版，含解析）

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第04讲 形容词和副词        【学习目标】考点分布考点内容命题焦点1)  形容词和副词的用法2)  形容词和副词的级1)  形容词和副词的基本用法2)  比较级和最高级的变化规律及用法考查重点：形容词、副词的基本用法以及比较级、最高级的变化规律及用法。常考题型：填空题、完型填空、改错题。          【基础知识】考点01 形容词和副词的用法形容词的用法及位置1)  作定语，放在名词之前，不定代词之后。It’s a kind of healthy food. 这是一种很健康的食物。Do you know anybody famous in this field? 你认识这个领域比较有名的人吗？2)  作表语，放在系动词之后。Everything will be all right. 一切都会好的。After a long walk, I felt tired. 走了很远的一段路以后，我累了。3)  作宾语补足语，放在宾语之后，常与make, leave, keep, find等动词连用。I found the door open when I got home. 我到家的时候，发现门开着。We all love Miss Wang. She always makes the English class interesting. 我们都很喜欢王老师。她总能让她的英语课很有意思。形容词的名词化：the+形容词，具有名词特征，表示一类人或事物。1)  当表示一类人或事物作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式。The blind are taken good care of in our country. 在我们国家盲人受到很好的照顾。2)  当表示抽象概念时，谓语用单数。The beautiful is not always the useful. 美丽的并不总是有用的。3、形容词的先后顺序。为了方便记忆，可以记住一句话：美小圆旧黄，法国木书房。John Smith, a successful businessman, has a large white German car. John Smith是个成功的商人，他有一辆很大的白色德系汽车。Mr Brown has a beautiful new American car. Brown先生有一辆漂亮的美国产新车。4、常见名词变形容词的方法。1)  表示天气的名词，一般在此为加y。cloudcloudy词尾+yrainrainywindwindysnowsnowyfogfoggy双写最后一个辅音字母+ysunsunny 2)  表示方位的名词，一般在词尾加ern。northnorthernsouthsouthernwestwesterneasteasternnortheastnortheasternnorthwestnorthwesternsoutheastsoutheasternsouthwestsouthwestern1)  表示成为的名词，一般在词尾加ly。friend-friendly 友好的mother-motherly 慈母般的2)  表示时间的名词，一般才词尾加ly。week-weekly 每周的 month-monthly 每月的3)  表示抽象意义的名词，一般在词尾加ful, y, less。care-careful 认真的luck-lucky 幸运的hope-hopeless 绝望的4)  表示各大洲与国家的名词，一般在词尾加n。Asia-Asian 亚洲的America-American 美国的 5、副词的用法及位置。时间now, then, before, ago, early, lately, late, yesterday…地点here, there, above, below, down, up, downstairs, upstairs…程度very, much, so, too, quite, fairly, rather…频率always, usually, often, sometimes, rarely, seldom, hardly, never…方式fast, quickly, slowly, happily, quietly…评注honestly, maybe, generally…解释性for example疑问when, where, why, how联系therefore, besides, otherwise, however, moreover, still…3)  一般副词做状语时放在谓语动词之后，如谓语动词后带有宾语，放在宾语后。They are laughing happily. 他们在高兴地大笑。I’m doing my homework carefully. 我在认真的做作业。2)  频率副词放在be动词、助动词或情态动词之后，行为动词之前。She is never late for school. 她上学从不迟到。We often go out for a walk after supper. 晚饭后我们常常去散步。3)  enough 修饰形容词和副词时，要放在所修饰词之后。He got up early enough to catch the bus. 他起得足够早，可以赶上公交车。6、形容词变副词的规则形容词规则副词一般情况加lyslow-slowlycareful-carefully以y结尾的单音节词加lydry-drylyshy-shyly以y结尾的双音节词变y为i，再加lylucky-luckilyheavy-heavily以e结尾的词开音节加lypolite-politelywide-widely以元音字母加e结尾去e加lytrue-trulydue-duly以(a)ble结尾变(a)ble为blyterrible-terribly考点02 形容词和副词的级形容词和副词比较级和最高级的变化规则。1)  规则变化：一 般 情 况直接加 -er ; -esttall-taller-tallest以e结尾的词加 –r ; -stnice-nicer-nicest以“辅音+y”结尾的词变y为i再加-er ; -estdry-drier-driestheavy-heavier-heaviest以一个辅音字母结尾的词辅音字母双写，再加-er ; -estthin-thinner-thinnest多音节和部分双音节单词前面加 more ; mostdelicious-more delicious-most deliciousbeautiful-more beautiful-most beautiful以ly结尾的副词（early除外）前面加more和mosthappily-more happily-most happilycarefully-more carefully-most carefullyslowly-more slowly-most slowly2)  不规则变化原  级比较级最高级good , wellbetterbestbad , illworseworstmany , muchmoremostlittlelessleastfarfarther / furtherfarthest / furthest形容词和副词比较级和最高级的用法。级别比较程度表达方式和意义例  句  (备   注)原  级同等程度肯定 As+原级+as(像……一样)Art is as interesting as music.美术和英语一样有意思。He runs as fast as you.他和你跑得一样快。 否定 not + so (as) +原级+as(不如……那样)English is not so difficult as science.英语不如科学那样复杂。She does not study so well as I do.她学习不如我好。                 比较级不同程度（用于两者比较）比较级+than(比……)Jim is older than Geoffrey.Jim比Geoffrey大一些。I like pork better than beef.比起牛肉，我更喜欢猪肉。比较级前面可以加much, far, even, still, a lot, a little, a bit等程度加深比较级+and+比较级（越来越……）The + 比较级，the + 比较级（越……, 越……）He is growing taller and taller. 他长得越来越高。He studies better and better. 他学得越来越好。The more books she reads, the better she understands. 读的书越多，越更好的理解。最高级最高程度（用于三者或三者以上）The +最高级+of (in)(最……)Spring is the best season of the year. 春季是一年中最好的季节。Lin Tao jumped (the) farthest of all. 林涛跳的最远。副词最高级前面的the 往往省略    【考点剖析】考点1、形容词和副词基本用法1．Little Tom can draw ________. His pictures are very ________.A．good, well B．well, good C．good, good D．well, well2．Playing volleyball makes Kitty ________.A．happily B．happy C．well D．greatly3．Jenny doesn’t feel ________ today, so she can’t play the guitar ________.A．well, well B．good, well C．well, good考点2、形容词和副词的比较级1、It’s much ________ today than it was yesterday.A．hot B．hotter C．hottest D．the hottest2、Mary writes ________ than her twin sister Kate.A．good B．well C．better D．best考点3、形容词和副词的最高级1、I know you are shorter than your brothers, but you run ______ .A．more faster B．fastest C．more fast D．fast2．Jack is 1.8 meters tall and he is __________boy in our class.A．tall B．taller C．tallest D．the tallest         【真题演练】1．She eats _______ food and plays sports every day.（　　）A．healthy B．health C．well2．﹣How are you？ ﹣ I'm ________.Thank you.（　　）A．good B．well C．five3．You're ______ than your sister.（　　）A．taller B．tall C．tallest4．The tiger is       than the cat.（　　）A．stronger B．strongest C．strong5．He's ______ student in his class.（　　）A．taller B．tallest                      C．the tallest6．He is __________ in our class.（　　）A．the fourth tallest B．fourth tallest C．four tallest D．the four tallest7．You can dance very ______.（　　）A．good B．well C．bad8．Li Ming's sweater is ________ big.（　　）A．too B．two C．to9．﹣﹣Which season do you like_____？﹣﹣﹣Summer．（　　）A．favourite B．/ C．best10．She writes ________ than the other students in her class.（　　）A．more careful B．carefully C．more carefully        【过关检测】一．选择题1．You're ______ than your sister.（　　）A．taller B．tall C．tallest2．The weather is getting_______and_______.（　　）A．cold；colder B．colder；colder             C．colder；cold3．Jim is 50 kilograms.Tom is 55 kilograms.Jim is_________than Tom.（　　）A．heavy B．thinner C．heavier4．He should do ___________ exercise.（　　）A．a B．more C．lot5．Look!That's __________dinosaur in this hall.（　　）A．the  tallest B．tall                        C．taller6．People thought that the six birds were really _______ singers in the forest.（　　）A．louder B．the best C．smaller7．Cakes are_____（　　）A．shy B．sweet C．hot8．There are many clouds in the sky.It's______．（　　）A．hot B．sunny C．cloudy9．This desk is clean，but it was _________then .（　　）A．old B．dirty C．small10．I can see a film and go boating，____.（　　）A．to B．too C．also11．He didn't give John the money，but he gave it to me____.（　　）A．instead B．however C．but D．neither12．﹣I can't play table tennis.﹣I can't play table tennis，______.（　　）A．too B．to C．either13．﹣﹣It's______lunchtime.How about having some noodles？﹣﹣It sounds good.（　　）A．nearly B．again C．always14．Dan：Does Leo ever play football？Pam：No，he ______ plays football.But he _____ plays basketball.He plays this ball game four times a week.（　　）A．ever …sometimes B．never …often          C．always …never15．_____ I see a film on Sunday.（　　）A．sometimes B．Some time C．Sometimes16．It's so_______.Look，it's snowing.（　　）A．cold B．hot C．warm17．Don't eat too____ice cream.（　　）A．much B．many C．some18．Wu Binbin is 180 kilograms.He is too______.（　　）A．heavy B．heavier C．heaviest D．tall19．﹣﹣﹣Can you help me？﹣﹣﹣ Sorry.I'm_________.（　　）A．happy B．busy C．naughty20．Zhang Peng isn't short.He's_________.（　　）A．tall B．thin C．strong二、填空题1．There are many ______ (color) lights in the classroom.2．I often eat ______ (health) food.3．He is stuck in the mud. He is ______ (worry).4．The elephant is _________ (heavy) than the panda.5．Tom is very ________ and he is shouting ________ (excite).6．The black dog is ______ (thin) than the white dog.7．He can’t _____ at night. So he is often _____ in class (sleep).8．The children speak very ________ (loud). I can't ________ (hear) what their teacher says.9．The baby can't find his mum, he is crying ______ (sad).10．Mr Li is old, but he can walk q___________.