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第07讲 动词--2022年新七年级英语暑假预习专题讲解(人教版,含解析)
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这是一份第07讲 动词--2022年新七年级英语暑假预习专题讲解(人教版,含解析),文件包含第07讲动词解析版-暑假自学课2022年新七年级英语暑假精品课人教版docx、第07讲动词练习版-暑假自学课2022年新七年级英语暑假精品课人教版docx等2份试卷配套教学资源,其中试卷共22页, 欢迎下载使用。
第07讲 动词 【学习目标】考点分布考点内容命题焦点1) 情态动词和助动词2) 系动词3) 实义动词4) 动词的基本形式了解动词的分类,及各类动词的用法。知道动词的基本形式,并注意一些不规则动词的变化规则。考查重点:动词辨析、动词短语辨析、动词的基本形式常考题型:单项选择、填空、完型填空、改错 【基础知识】考点01 情态动词和助动词1、情态动词情态动词,本身没有词义,不能单独作谓语,一般与实义动词一起构成谓语,表示说话人的态度,没有人称和数的变化。肯定句变否定句,直接在情态动词后面加not。肯定句变一般疑问句,直接将情态动词移到句首。can/couldcan:1) 表示能力(体力、知识、技能)。I can speak English, Chinese and French. 我能说英语、中文和法语三种语言。2) 表示请求、允许。Can you give me some flowers? 您能给我一些花吗?3) 表示客观可能性(客观原因形成的能力)。The hall can hold 500 people at least. 这个接待厅最少能容纳500人。4) 表示推测(惊讶、怀疑、不相信的态度),用于疑问句、否定句和感叹句。Can this be true? 这是真的吗?could:1) can的过去式, “能、会” ,表示过去的能力、可能性或允许。He could write poems when he was10. 他十岁时就会写诗。2) 在疑问句中,表示委婉的语气,此时could没有过去的意思。如:Could you do me a favor? 您能帮我个忙吗?may/might1) 表示请求和允许。might比may语气更委婉,might不是过去式。否定回答时可用can’t、mustn’t,表示 “不可以,禁止” 。-May I borrow this book? 我能借这本书吗?-Yes, you can. (No, you can’t/mustn’t.) 可以。(不可以。)Might I have some wine? 我能喝一些白酒吗?2) 表示祝愿,用于祈使句。May you happy. 祝你幸福。3) 表示推测、可能性(用于肯定句和否定句),might的语气更不坚定,表示可能性更小。He may study at home now. 他现在也许正在家里学习。He might know the answer. 他可能知道答案。must/have tomust: 表示说话人的主观思想,强调个人的意志和主观的决心。1) 表示必须、必要,后接动词原形。You must finish your homework tonight. 你今晚必须完成家庭作业。2) 否定句结构:must+not,表示“不允许,禁止”。You must not (mustn’t) smoke in the public. 公共场合禁止吸烟。3) 一般疑问句,把must提前,肯定回答用must。否定回答用needn’t或don’t have to。-Must I send the financial report to you before ten? 我必须在十点之前把财务报告发给您吗?-Yes,you must. 是的,必须。-No, you needn’t. / No, you don’t have to. 不需要。have to: 侧重于客观上的必要,强调客观条件作用的结果。1) 有人称、数和时态的变化:第三人称单数是has to,过去时态是had to。I have to go home now, it’s too late. 太晚了,我需要回家了。He had to go to see the dentist because he had a toothache. 他的牙很疼,必须去看牙医。2) 否定句和疑问句,借用助动词do和does构成。You don’t have to answer the question. 你没必要回答这个问题。-Do I have to go there now? 我需要现在去那吗?-Yes, you do. 是的,你需要。-No, you don’t have to. 不,你不需要。will/would1) 表请求,would的语气比will更委婉。Will / Would you come to see me tomorrow? 明天你能来看我吗?2) 表意志、决心或愿望。Surely, we will support all the people in the world in their struggle for peace. 我们一定支持全世界人民争取和平的斗争。He would not let me eat the ice cream. 他不允许我吃冰淇淋。3) 表可能性。This will be the book you are looking for. 这可能就是你要找的书。She would be about 60 when she died. 她死时大概60岁。shall/shouldshall:1) 主语是第一人称时,表建议或者是征求对方的意见。Shall we go now? 我们现在走吗?2) 陈述句中,主语是第二人称和第三人称时,表命令、警告、允诺等。The students shall wear uniforms at school. 学生应该在学校穿校服。He shall watch TV when he finished his homework. 他完成作业就可以看电视。should:1) 表义务或责任。We should help each other. 我们应该互相帮助。2) 表建议或劝告。You should stop smoking. 你应该戒烟。2、助动词助动词本身无词义,只能和实义动词一起构成谓语。bebe作为助动词,用来构成进行时态和被动语态。I am looking for my kitten. 我正在寻找我的小猫。I was hit a car yesterday. 昨天我被一辆车撞了。dodo作为助动词,用来构成疑问句、否定句和强调句。Do you live in China? 你住在中国吗?I don’t like spicy food. 我不喜欢吃辣。I do miss you. 我真的很想念你。havehave作为助动词,用来构成完成时。I have fixed the bike. 我已经把这辆自行车修好了。will/shallwill和shall作为助动词,用来构成将来时态。We will go Hangzhou by air next month. 下个月我们将飞去杭州。What shall we do next week? 下周我们将做什么?考点/02 系动词系动词本身有词义,但不能单独作为谓语,需和表语一起构成谓语。beam, is, areI am from Canada. 我来自加拿大。Sally was late for school. Sally上学迟到了。Are you ready for school? 你准备好去学校了吗?感官动词look, smell, sound, feelThe boy looks happy. 这个男孩看上去很开心。The food smells good. 食物闻起来很香。The music sounds beautiful. 这音乐听起来很美妙。I feel so cold. 我感觉很冷。表示“变成”的词becomeHe became a famous writer. 他成为了非常有名的作家。考点03 实义动词实义动词也称为行为动词,表示动作和状态,有完整词义,一般在句子中作谓语。及物动词+宾语I eat my little brother’s ice cream. 我吃了弟弟的冰淇淋。不及物动词不跟宾语She studies hard. 她勤奋学习。考点04 动词的基本形式第三人称单数①一般在动词的词尾加s。like-likes look-looks②以ch、sh、s、x及辅音字母加o结尾,词尾加es。teach-teaches wash-washes guess-guesses mix-mixes do-does③以辅音字母加y结尾的词,变y为i,再加es。study-studies fly-flies cry-cries④不规则变化。have-has 现在分词①一般在动词的词尾加ing。do-doing play-playing②以不发音的e结尾的词,去e,再加ing。come-coming write-writing③以重读闭音节结尾,且末尾只有一个辅音字母,双写末尾的辅音字母,再加ing。sit-sitting plan-planning④以字母ie结尾的词,将ie改成y,再加ingdie-dying lie-lying tie-tying过去式①一般在动词的词尾加ed。work-worked stay-stayed②以不发音的e结尾,词尾只加d。close-closed like-liked③以辅音字母加y结尾,变y为i,再加ed。carry-carried study-studied④以重读闭音节结尾,且末尾只有一个辅音字母,双写末尾的辅音字母再加ed。stop-stopped plan-planned⑤不规则变化。go-went see-saw sing-sang 【考点剖析】考点1、情态动词The box is too heavy. I carry it.( )A.can B.can't C.am考点2、系动词﹣_________ these brown doors?﹣No,they________.( )A.Are,isn't B.Is,are C.Are,aren't考点3、动词第三人称单数Zhang Peng _________ the bed every morning.( )A.made B.make C.makes考点4、动名词The sign says,"No ".( )A.eats B.eat C.eating考点5、动词过去式My sister_____ some photos in the park last Sunday.( )A.takes B.took C.taking 【真题演练】1.They are blind.They see.( )A.can B.cannot C.are2.We ______ cross the street until(直到)the light is green.( )A.can B.mustn't C.must3.You ride fast.I'm the winner.( )A.can B.are C.can't4.She became blind and deaf,so she ______ see or hear.( )A.could B.can't C.wouldn't D.couldn't5.﹣____I come in?﹣Come in,please.( )A.Do B.May C.Can6.It's a yellow light now.You____slow down.( )A.must B.don't C.can7.What___you___on the weekend?( )A.does,do B.are,doing C.do,do8. you basketball last Saturday?( )A.Do,play B.Did,play C.Did,played D.Do,played9.____ your friend like skating?( )A.Is B.Does C.Do D.Are10.Look,these pictures_____beautiful.( )A.are B.is C.was11.I ______ Lingling.You ___________ Anne.( )A.is,are B.am,are C.am,is12.Lucy often _____ TV on Saturday.( )A.sees B.looks C.watches13.My toe ________.( )A.hurt B.hurts C.hurtes14.He often _____ to school.But May and Lily often ___ to school by bus.( )A.walks;goes B.goes;go C.walks;go15.Li Ming lives in China.He____Chinese.( )A.speak B.speaks C.talk16.Is Liu Tao good at _________ table tennis?( )A.plays B.to play C.playing17.______ the piano is my hobby.( )A.Play B.Plays C.Playing18.During the holiday,I _______ many books.( )A.read B.reads C.readed19.We______a boat trip along the river.( )A.taking B.takes C.took20.I like stories.( )A.watching B.reading C.read 【过关检测】一.选择题(共10小题)1.How many books________ you see on the desk?( )A.may B.can C.should2.Jane is angry.She _________ take a deep breath.( )A.should B.can't C.like3.‘No parking.' means we _______ park our cars here.( )A.can B.shouldn't C.must D.should4.Where______he live?( )A.is B.do C.does5.﹣Where____ they____?﹣They live in Nanjing.( )A.does;live B.do;live C.do;lives6.Here ______ my sister,Ann.( )A.is B.are C.am7.I _______ young,but my grandparents _______ old.( )A.am;are B.is;are C.are;is8.I ________ it.( )A.like B.look C.good9.I often ________ classical music.( )A.listen to B.listen C.to10.The boy ______ off his bike.( )A.felt B.fall C.fell二.填空题11.Amy (see)a doctor yesterday.12.I (see) a film last night.13.I like (swim).14.What about (play)football?15.Mr Smith is a teacher. He (teach) maths in our school.16.She (want,wants)some orange juice.17.Helen (have) a dancing lesson today.18.What (can,would) you like?19.I (not) have a watch.20.What (do/does) Helen like doing?She (like/likes)dancing.
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