福建专用2022年高考英语一轮复习考点规范练19含解析新人教版

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The British—and especially the English—are bad at cmplaining.Because f British pliteness rules,accrding t which cnfrntatin(对抗) shuld be avided,peple either just d nt cmplain,r smetimes bttle it up and then explde in an inapprpriate utpuring f aggressive cmplaints.Infact,there is a TV prgramme which shws the British in typical situatins where they wuld be perfectly justified(有正当理由的) in cmplaining,but they dn’t.In ne scene,a wman reads a newspaper ver peple’s shulders and the peple say nthing r lk embarrassed.
The British are als well-knwn fr putting up with bad service everywhere frm restaurants t airprts and railway statins because the standard rules f behaviur say that it is bad t draw attentin t yurself.This is why,when yu travel n the Tube in Lndn and there is yet anther delay,the passengers will lk at each ther,sigh,smile wearily and raise their eyes t heaven.They might even say,“Huh!Typical!” in a resigned tne f vice that says that there’s nthing that can be dne abut it.When cmplaints are made,they are made in an aplgetic r a humrus tne f vice.InFrance,n the ther hand,angry passengers might rit(闹事) and burn dwn the subway statin if they had t put up with the pr service that the Lndn Undergrund prvides.
Americans and ther Eurpeans,wh are much mre direct and in-yur-face than the British,ften wnder why British peple always say“srry”r“excuse me”when they cmplain.“It’s like they’re aplgizing fr smething that isn’t their fault,”theysay.They are missing the pint.British peple are nt really srry—it is because the wrd “srry” actually wrks as a distancing mechanism(技巧).This is imprtant in terms f negative pliteness and nt drawing attentin t yurself.If yu d nt say “srry”r use ther distancing wrds like“culd”,“wuld”,“might”,“pssibly” and s n,yu will be seen as rude.
1.What des the underlined part “bttle it up” in Paragraph 1 mean?
A.Put smething int bttles.
B.Nt d anything dangerus.
C.Cause prblems by hesitating.
D.Nt allw emtins t be seen.
2.The French tend t .
A.tlerate bad service
B.enjy taking the subway
C.make a cmplaint humrusly
D.express their dissatisfactin directly
3.When the British say “srry”,they actually want t .
A.try nt t be rude
B.aplgize sincerely
C.shw their feelings directly
D.draw attentin t themselves
4.Which can be the best title fr the text?
A.Hw t cmplain
B.Cmplaining plitely
C.Pr service in Britain
D.Pliteness rules acrss the wrld
Ⅱ.完形填空
(2020·全国Ⅰ)
Since ur twins began learning t walk,my wife and I have kept telling them that ur sliding glass dr is just a windw.The 1 is bvius.If we 2 it is a dr,they’ll want t g utside 3 .It will drive us crazy.The kids apparently knw the 4 .But ur insisting it’s 5 a windw has kept them frm 6 millins f requests t pen the dr.
I hate lying t the kids.One day they’ll 7 and discver that everything they’ve always knwn abut windws is a 8 .
I wnder if 9 shuld always tell the truth n matter the 10 .I have a very strng 11 that the lie we’re telling is ding 12 damage t ur children.Windws and drs have 13 metaphrical(比喻) meanings.I’m telling them they can’t pen what they abslutely knw is a dr.What if later in 14 they cme t a metaphrical dr,like an pprtunity(机会) f sme srt,and 15 pening the dr and taking the pprtunity,they just 16 it and wnder,“What if it isn’t a dr?”Thatis,“What if it isn’t a 17 pprtunity?”
Maybe it’s an unreasnable fear.But the 18 is that I shuldn’t lie t my kids.I shuld just 19 repeatedly having t say,“N.We can’t g utside nw.”Then when they cme t ther drs in life,be they real r metaphrical,they wn’t 20 t pen them and walk thrugh.
B.target
C.reasnD.case
B.believe
C.meanD.realize
B.cnstantly
C.temprarilyD.casually
B.danger
C.methdD.truth
B.slightly
C.hardlyD.partly
B.apprving
C.receivingD.attempting
utB.give up
C.wake upD.stand ut
B.lie
C.fantasyD.fact
B.twins
C.clleaguesD.teachers
B.explanatins
C.differencesD.cnsequences
B.fear
C.desireD.dubt
B.bilgical
C.spiritualD.behaviral
B.imprtant
C.dubleD.riginal
B.time
C.replyD.histry
cmparisn withB.in additin t
C.regardless fD.instead f
hld fB.stare at
C.knck nD.make use f
B.typical
C.similarD.limited
ruleB.cmfrt zne
C.bttm lineD.tp secret
B.regret
C.enjyD.accept
B.decide
C.hesitateD.intend
Ⅲ.语篇填空
Many teachers believe that hands-n experience is the 1. (gd) way t learn.A grup f students in the United States are putting that belief t the test.They 2. (success) designed and built a rbt fr discvering unexplred mines 3. the bttm f the sea.Students made the rbt 4. (answer) a challenge frm the f Defense.
The students tested the underwater vehicle 5. (call) Perseus Ⅱ in a 95-meter-lng tank f water at the Stevens Institute f Technlgy.
The rbt csts abut $15,000 t build.The students use a vide game cntrl t direct 6. (it) mvements in the tank.What’smre,devices knwn as Japters 7. (able) the rbt t g up,dwn and tward its target in the water.Vide cameras n the rbt send images back t a cmputer thrugh a 13-meter-lng cable.PerseusⅡ als has 8. set f lasers(激光),which are used t measure the size f an bject.
The rbt is the creatin f five undergraduate students.Fr ver six mnths,they wrked up 9. 20 hurs a week t design and build Perseus Ⅱ.
DeLrme supervised the prject frm 10. (begin) t end.He says the specialized requirements f rbts were demanding.
考点规范练19(必修4 Unit4)
Ⅰ.【解题导语】本文是议论文。英国人通常礼貌地表达不满。
1.D 词义猜测题。根据上文的pepleeitherjustdntcmplain及下文的“”可推断,英国人有时不抱怨,有时抑制不满的情绪并最终爆发。故画线部分的意思应是“掩盖或抑制情绪或感情”。
2.D 细节理解题。根据第二段末尾的“InFrance,nthetherhand,angrypassengersmightritandburndwnthesubwaystatiniftheyhadtputupwiththeprservicethattheLndnUndergrundprvides.”可知,法国人常常直接表达自己的不满。
3.A 细节理解题。根据文章末尾的“Ifyudntsay‘srry’”可知,英国人说“抱歉”,实际上是为了在抱怨时尽量不表现得粗鲁无礼。
4.B 主旨大意题。本文主要讲英国人抱怨的方式非常委婉、礼貌。故B项正确。
Ⅱ.【解题导语】本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。作者以孩子们学走路时,向他们传输错误的概念为例,领悟到父母应守底线,不应该对孩子们说谎。
1.C 自从双胞胎刚开始学走路,“我”和妻子就不停地告诉他们“我”们家的滑动玻璃门只是一扇窗子。理由(reasn)是显而易见的。reasn“理由”;relief“安慰”;target“目标”;case“事件”。故选C项。
2.A 如果“我”们承认(admit)滑动玻璃门是一扇门,他们会不断地想出去。admit“承认”;believe“相信”;mean“意思是”;realize“认识到”。故选A项。
3.B 参见上题解析。cnstantly“重复不断地”;gradually“逐渐地”;temprarily“暂时地”;casually“偶然地”。故选B项。
4.D 根据下文可知,孩子们显然知晓(事情的)真相(truth)。truth“真相”;result“结果”;danger“危险”;methd“办法”。故选D项。
5.A 从文章第一段“”中的just可得到提示。merely“仅仅”;slightly“稍微”;hardly“几乎不”;partly“一定程度上”。故选A项。
6.D 但是“我”们坚持说那仅仅是一扇窗子,这使得他们放弃了尝试(attempting)开门的请求。attempt“尝试”;review“复习”;apprve“同意”;receive“收到”。故选D项。
7.C “我”讨厌对孩子说谎,有朝一日,孩子们会醒来(wakeup),并发现他们关于对窗户的认知是一个谎言。wakeup“醒来”;winut“胜出”;giveup“放弃”;standut“脱颖而出”。故选C项。
8.B 从上文“Ihatelyingtthekids.”可得到提示。lie“谎言”;dream“梦想”;fantasy“幻想”;fact“事实”。故选B项。
9.A “我”想知道父母(parents)是不是应该不管结果如何,总是告诉孩子们事情的真相。故选A项。
10.D 不管结果(cnsequences)如何,总是告诉孩子们真相。cnsequence“结果”;restrictin“约束”;explanatin“解释”;difference“差异”。故选D项。
11.B “我”有一种非常强烈的担心(fear),“我”们说的谎话会给孩子们带来精神上的伤害。最后一段第一句“Maybeit’sanunreasnablefear.”是个提示。故选B项。
12.C 参见上题解析。spiritual“精神的”;physical“身体的”;bilgical“生物的”;behaviral“行为的”。故选C项。
13.B “窗”和“门”都有重要的(imprtant)比喻含义。故选B项。
14.A 此处表示如果他们日后生活(life)中遇到比喻含义的“门”。由下文“Thenwhentheycmettherdrsinlife,betheyrealrmetaphrical,theywn’t tpenthemandwalkthrugh.”也可得到提示。故选A项。
15.D 而不是(insteadf)打开门去把握机会。insteadf“而不是”;bycmparisnwith“同……比较起来”;inadditint“除……之外(还)”;regardlessf“不管,不顾”。故选D项。
16.B 孩子们只是瞪着眼睛凝视(stareat),并疑惑“那如果不是一扇门会怎样?”stareat“瞪着眼睛凝视”;gethldf“抓住”;knckn“敲击”;makeusef“利用”。故选B项。
17.A 那如果不是真的(real)机会会怎样?故选A项。
18.C 或许这是一个不合理的担心,但底线(bttmline)是“我”不应该对孩子们说谎。bttmline“底线”;safetyrule“安全规则”;cmfrtzne“舒适区”;tpsecret“绝密”。故选C项。
19.D “我”应该接受(accept)反复强调“不,‘我’们现在还不能出去”。accept“接受”;delay“延迟”;regret“后悔”;enjy“享受”。故选D项。
20.C 当他们在生活中遇到其他的门时,无论是真实的门还是比喻意义上的门,他们都不会犹豫不决,而会勇敢打开并成功跨越。hesitate“犹豫”;hurry“匆忙”;decide“决定”;intend“打算”。故选C项。
Ⅲ.【解题导语】本文是说明文。本文通过事实证明:亲身的实践经验是学习的最好方法。
1.best 考查形容词最高级。此处表示“亲身的实践经验是最好的学习方法”,故用最高级best。
2.successfully 考查副词。副词修饰动词designed和built做状语,故用successfully。
3.at 考查介词。atthebttmf表示“在……的底部”,故用at。
4.tanswer 考查非谓语动词。在这里tanswer是动词不定式做目的状语,表示“制造这个机器人是为了应对美国国防部的一项挑战”。
5.called 考查非谓语动词。此处应用过去分词做后置定语,表示“被叫作”,故用called。
6.its 考查代词。由后面的mvements可知,应用形容词性物主代词做定语。指“机器人的”,用its。
7.enable 考查动词和时态。分析句子结构可知,主语是devices,谓语是设空处,故应用动词enable,表示“使发生”。且此处是一般性的描述,故应用一般现在时。
8.a 考查冠词。asetf“一系列”,故用a。
9.t 考查固定短语。upt“达到”,故用介词t。
10.beginning 考查固定短语。frmbeginningtend“从头到尾”。