高考英语二轮复习4.1.4 推理判断题（2）含答案

  4-1-4推理判断题(二)

A

(2018·郑州市高中毕业年级第二次质量预测)Eight years before his death in 1896，Alfred Nobel was surprised to read an obituary(讣告) in the local newspaper.This was a strange obituary，for it told Alfred Nobel，the man who was reading it，that he was dead.The newspaper had confused Alfred with his brother，Ludvig，who had recently died.

Nobel was shocked to read that he had passed away，and he was even more annoyed by the title of his obituary：The merchant of death is dead.Alfred was a very rich and successful armaments manufacturer(武器制造商)．

This incident got him thinking about his reputation.What would people think of him after his real death? Would they really say “That was a man who profited from killing”？ It was this thought that led him to leave his money—a huge amount of it—for the founding of the famous Nobel prizes. His aim was for his money to be used to support the ongoing quest(追求) for excellence in the sciences and literature，and the ideal of peace. Thousands of men and women have been honored since the first awards were given out in 1901.The awards let the world know about the developments that may have a huge effect on our lives.

However, the prizes are controversial sometimes. There is often protest(抗议) at the award of the Peace Prize when not everyone thinks that award-winners deserve the award. Even the award for literature has sometimes been criticized because the award committee often neglects important writers. The highly influential novelists James Joyce and Marcel Proust, for example, were never honored by the Swedish Academy.

Still, for the most part the awards don't cause many complaints. Alfred Nobel founded the prizes to recognize those who have had “the greatest benefit to mankind” and few would disagree that most of the prizewinners—among them, Albert Einstein and Martin Luther King Jr.—have made contributions that deserve to be honored and remembered.

【语篇解读】　本文是一篇人物故事类记叙文， 作者主要讲述了诺贝尔奖设立的来历。1888年，Alfred Nobel偶然在当地的报纸上看到了一则讣告， 题目是“The merchant of death is dead”。他很震惊，由此开始反思自己， 并设立了诺贝尔奖， 来奖励在自然科学学科、 文学以及和平方面作出突出贡献的人。

1．How did Alfred Nobel feel when he read the obituary in the newspaper?

A．Sad and worried.

B．Shocked and upset.

C．Surprised and confused.

D．Amused and puzzle.

【解析】 细节理解题。根据题干中的关键词“read the obituary in the newspaper”定位到第一段和第二段。根据第一段首句“Eight years before his death in 1896, Alfred Nobel was surprised to read an obituary(讣告) in the local newspaper”可知， 当Alfred Nobel看到报纸上的这则讣告的时候，非常吃惊。根据第二段首句“Nobel was shocked to read that he had passed away, and he was even more annoyed by the title of his obituary：The  merchant of death is dead”可知， 他不只是吃惊， 而且还很生气， 故答案是B。

【答案】 B

 2.What did Alfred Nobel decide to do after reading the obituary?

A．Seek excellence in the sciences.

B．Donate all his money to the charity.

C．Stop producing any killing weapons.

D．Set up the Nobel prizes with his money.

【解析】 细节理解题。根据题干中的关键词“after reading the obituary”定位到第三段。根据第三段中的“It was this thought that led him to leave his money—a huge amount of it—for the founding of the famous Nobel prizes”可知， Alfred Nobel看到这则讣告之后， 想了很多， 最终决定把他大笔的钱用于设立著名的诺贝尔奖， 故答案是D。

【答案】 D

3．Why does the author mention James Joyce and Marcel Proust?

A．To show the controversy of some Nobel prizes.

B．To give examples of influential Nobel prizewinners.

C．To explain the standard of giving out the Nobel prizes.

D．To prove the influence of the Nobel prizes on literature.

【解析】 推断判断题。根据题干中的关键词“James Joyce and Marcel Proust”定位到第四段。根据第四段第三句“Even the award for literature has sometimes been criticized because the award committee often neglects important writers”(即便是诺贝尔文学奖有时候也会受到批评， 因为奖项委员会忽视重要的作家)可知， 作者提到这两个人， 是为了说明有时诺贝尔奖是存在争议的。

【答案】 A

4．What does the author think of the Nobel prizes?

A．There should be more female winners.

B．There are too many controversial winners.

C．They have honored many worthy winners.

D．The committee should be more selective.

【解析】 作者观点题。根据最后一段中的“few would disagree that most of the prizewinners—among them, Albert Einstein and Martin Luther King Jr.—have made contributions that deserve to be honored and remembered”可知，作者认为“诺贝尔奖”奖励了很多值得赞赏的人， 故答案是C。

【答案】 C

B

(2018·新疆维吾尔自治区第一次适应性检测)Superstorm Sandy slammed into the eastern United States three years ago. The wind-driven water caused a lot of flooding，especially in the region's subway system. Now two teens have invented a device that could help prevent future subway floods.

In New York City alone，Superstorm Sandy caused an estimated$19 billion in damage.Much of the floodwaters entered the subway system through its ventilation grates(通风栅)．Those metal grills usually lie at ground level. When the system is shut down ahead of a flood, engineers try to cover those grates with plywood(胶合板) and sandbags.But the flooding often washes away those measures, which allows water to flow into the tunnels.Raising those grates even a tiny bit above ground level would cost a lot of money.Other ideas have included building tall chimneys around the holes. That would raise the grates and cost a lot of money，too.

Kyle and Raymond came up with a different，less expensive idea.They designed a metal grate with a built-in, adjustable cover.When trains are running，one part of the grate slides open to bring in fresh air.But when the system is shut down，that part can be slid shut to completely block the grate.

Their grate is the same size as the grates used now.So，it would be simple，they say，to lift out the old grate and drop in a replacement.Their design includes tamperproof features, which can prevent operation mistakes.They make sure that people don't intentionally shut off airflow during normal conditions. For people with the proper key，it would only take a minute or two to close the grate ahead of a flood.

【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文，主要讲述三年前超级风暴Sandy猛烈袭击美国东部，造成了洪水灾害，当地的地铁被洪水淹没。为防止地铁再次被洪水淹没，两位少年发明了一种装置。

5．What's the second paragraph mainly about?

A．The steps to operate grates.

B．The measures to prevent flood.

C．The function of plywood and sandbags.

D．The disadvantage of present subway system.

【解析】 段落大意题。根据第二段第一句可知，据估计超级风暴Sandy仅在纽约市就造成了价值190亿美元的损失。文章接下来分析了超级风暴造成的洪水淹没地铁的原因：目前的地铁系统存在很大的弊端。故本题选D。

【答案】 D

6．Which of the following words best describes the two teens' new invention?

A．Costly.　　　　　　　　B．Timesaving.

C．Practical.              D．Conventional.

【解析】 推理判断题。根据文章最后一段第一、第二句“Their grate is the same size as the grates used now.So，it would be simple，they say，to lift out the old grate and drop in a replacement”他们使用的栅栏和现在使用的栅栏大小一样，所以很容易就可以把旧的栅栏取出来，放入一个替换栅栏；再结合最后一段最后两句可知，新的装置操作起来也很方便。故选C。

【答案】 C

7．What's the purpose of designing the tamperproof feature?

A．To replace the old grate correctly.

B．To close the grate ahead of a flood.

C．To ensure airflow in normal conditions.

D．To stop the train speeding up unexpectedly.

【解析】 推理判断题。根据最后一段第三、第四句可知，设计‘干预防护’的特点可以阻止操作失误，有了‘干预防护’，他们确保人们不会有意地在正常情况下关掉空气流通的功能，故本题选C。

【答案】 C

8．Where does the text most probably come from?

A．A news report.

B．An adventurous story.

C．An introduction to new equipment.

D．A guidebook to making grates.

【解析】 文章出处题。通读全文可知，本文主要讲述了两位少年发明了一种成本较低、实用的地铁防洪装置以及该装置的特点和优势，应该属于新闻报道类文章，故选A。

【答案】 A

C

(2018·陕西省第二次教学质量检测)Hunger has been troubling the world. In 2016，the number of hungry people in the world reached one billion for the first time.It's difficult not to be shocked by the fact that more than one in seven people in the world do not have enough to eat.

The UN figures that almost two thirds of the world's hungry people are in Asia，which is of course the world's most populous continent.More than a quarter are in sub-Saharan Africa.Although this place has a much lower population than Asia，it has the highest percentage of hungry people.Almost all of the rest are in Latin America，North Africa and the Caribbean.

There are many reasons for world hunger.They include wars，droughts，floods, and the overuse of farmland. All these factors affect food production. Many people also blame greedy businessmen for pushing up the prices of basic foods in the global market.In fact，many people are starving just because they're poor. Therefore，the most important reason，quite simply，is poverty. If we can't pull out this root，we'll never be able to solve food shortage.

Although many people make the obvious point that there would be less hunger if the global population were smaller，few people would argue that there is not enough food to go around.The basic problem seems to be not a lack of food，but its distribution.In the last 50 years，global food production has risen even more quickly than the global population.

There are many areas of the world in which people generally have more than enough food.In those places，being overweight is a far bigger problem than hunger.The answer to world hunger, therefore, may be a balanced food distribution around the whole world. Everyone will have enough to eat, but not to overeat.

【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了世界饥饿的现状以及导致饥饿的原因。

9．Which continent has the highest rate of hungry people?

A．Asia.                  B．Africa.

C．America.               D．Europe.

【解析】 细节理解题。根据第二段中的“More than...Although this place has a much lower population than Asia，it has the highest percentage of hungry people”的描述可知，非洲大陆有着最高的饥饿率。

【答案】 B

10．The underlined word in the 3rd paragraph most probably means________．

A．the fact of having many droughts

B．the reason for suffering many floods

C．the state of being poor

D．bad luck brought by wars

【解析】 词义猜测题。根据上文“Therefore, the most important reason，quite simply, is poverty”的描述可知，画线词指贫穷的状态。

【答案】 C

11．According to the last paragraph，________results in the poverty.

A．not enough production

B．slow growth of food

C．consuming too much food

D．imbalance of food distribution

【解析】 推理判断题。根据最后一段第三句“The answer to world hunger，therefore, may be a balanced food distribution around the whole world”的描述可推知，是食物分配不平衡导致贫困的。

【答案】 D

12．Maybe the author would write about________if there were a sixth paragraph.

A．how to make food distribution balanced

B．when to get rid of world hunger thoroughly

C．who is to blame for the world hunger

D．what to do to help the hungry people

【解析】 文章结构题。根据最后一段中的“In those places, being overweight is a far bigger problem than hunger. The answer to world hunger, therefore, may be a balanced food distribution around the whole world”的描述可知，也许作者接下来会写如何使食物分配平衡。

【答案】 A