高考英语二轮复习4.1.7 主旨大意题（1）含答案

这是一份高考英语二轮复习4.1.7 主旨大意题（1）含答案，共6页。
  4-1-7主旨大意题(一)A(2018·南昌市NCS2018607项目一模)Alongside air and water, food is a necessity for human beings to survive and thrive. But it's a lot more than that. As Mariette Dichristina of Scientific American wrote, “The most intimate(亲密的) relationship we will ever have is not with any fellow human being. Instead，it is between our bodies and our food.”Nowadays，for most people in the world's wealthiest countries，food is a hobby，an enthusiasm, an even something fashionable.Turn on the TV in the US，UK or France, and you'll find at least one channel feeding this popular obsession.And most of us know at least one person who thinks of themselves as a “foodie”. It's almost impossible nowadays to check our social media apps without at least two or three photos of delicious meals appearing on our screen.But behind the fancy recipes and social media bragging(夸耀), many of us forget how much we take food for granted. This is why World Food Day is held each year.Take Kenya for example. This east African nation has been suffering terrible droughts. The result is that people are beginning to starve. Children in particular are suffering, with some of them even dying.This may seem shocking to know, especially as many cultures outside of Africa think of food in a completely different way. But even in the UK，families on low incomes are forced to use food banks—European organizations that hand out donated food to those who can't afford to pay for it themselves.So what can we do on World Food Day? One good way to spend it would be to feel humble and appreciate what we have. After all, food is essential for survival, but not everyone is as lucky as we are when it comes to dinner time.【语篇解读】　本文是一篇议论文。许多人将美食当作嗜好，他们在社交媒体上晒美食照片，享受着美味食品，认为美食是理所当然的，但是他们并没有想到在世界的许多地方人们还忍饥挨饿，这就是世界粮食日成立的原因。珍惜粮食，从我做起。1．According to Mariette Dichristina，what has the closest relationship with us?A．Air.　　　　　　　B．Water.C．Food.            D．Human beings.【解析】 细节理解题。根据第一段中Mariette Dichristina所写的话“The most intimate(亲密的) relationship we will ever have is not with any fellow human being. Instead，it is between our bodies and our food”可知，我们最亲密的关系不是人与人之间的关系，而是我们的身体和食物之间的关系；据此可知，Mariette Dichristina认为和我们关系最亲密的是食物，故C项正确。【答案】 C2．What does the underlined word “foodie” in Paragraph 4 probably mean?A．Delicious food.B．A person fond of food.C．A social media app.D．A photo of delicious meals.【解析】 词义猜测题。根据第四段中的第二句“It's almost impossible nowadays to check our social media apps without at least two or three photos of delicious meals appearing on our screen”可知，这些人最喜欢在社交媒体软件上晒美食照片；结合画线词所在句子中的“thinks of themselves as a ‘foodie’”可以判断，该处画线词指人，故foodie意为“美食爱好者”，故B项正确。【答案】 B3．Who can get help from food banks?A．Poor people in the UK.B．Poor people in Africa.C．Starving children in Kenya.D．People in the drought?stricken.【解析】细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中的最后一句“But even in the UK，families on low incomes are forced to use food banks—European organizations that hand out donated food to those who can't afford to pay for it themselves”可知，即使是在英国，低收入家庭也被迫要使用食物银行；该组织是一个向那些无钱购买食物的人捐赠食物的欧洲组织。据此可知，贫穷的英国人可以获得食物银行的帮助，故A项正确。【答案】 A4．What's the best title for the text?A．Treat Food as a HobbyB．Time to Appreciate FoodC．Food Shortage in Some CountriesD．How to Spend World Food Day【解析】 主旨大意题。通读全文可知，许多人将美食当作嗜好，他们在社交媒体软件上晒美食照片，享受着美味食品，但是他们并没有想到在世界的许多地方人们还忍饥挨饿，这就是世界粮食日成立的原因。据此可知，“感激食物的时候”最能概括文章主旨，故B项正确。【答案】 BB(2018·河南市高三针对性训练)Password fatigue(疲劳)is the feeling experienced by many people who are required to remember an increasing number of passwords as part of their daily routine，such as to log on to a computer at work，undo a bicycle lock or conduct banking businesses at an ATM.The increasing importance of information technology and the Internet in employment，finance，recreation and other aspects of people's lives，and the following introduction of secure deal technology，have led to people accumulating a sudden increase in accounts and passwords.According to a survey of the British online security consultant NTA Monitor，the typical regular computer user has 21 accounts that require a password.Other things causing password fatigue are：demands that a user create a new password that uses particular pattern of letters，numbers and special characters；demands that the user type the new password twice；blind typing—both when responding to password immediately and when setting a new password.Aside from contributing to stress，password fatigue may encourage people to adopt habits that reduce the security of their protected information.For example，an account holder might use the same password for several different accounts，and deliberately choose easy-to-remember passwords that are more likely to be solved，or rely on written records of their passwords.Password fatigue will typically affect users，but can also affect technical departments who manage user accounts as they are constantly resetting passwords. This situation ends up lowering confidence and enthusiasm in both cases.Some companies are well organized in this respect，and have employed alternative methods or adopted technologies so that a user's certificates are entered automatically，but others may not focus on ease of use or even worsen the situation by constantly carrying out new applications with their own certification system.【语篇解读】　该文主要介绍了密码疲劳的问题。5．What is the main idea of Paragraph 2?A．Reasons for password fatigue.B．Definition of password fatigue.C．Roles of the Internet in daily life.D．A survey on regular computer users.【解析】 段落大意题。根据第二段整体内容和第三段第一句中的“Other things causing password fatigue are”可推知，第二段主要讲的是引起密码疲劳的原因，故选A。【答案】 A6．What may password fatigue cause people to do?A．To choose complex passwords.B．To improve their memory.C．To use the same passwords.D．To learn passwords by heart.【解析】 细节理解题。根据第四段最后一句中的“For example，an account holder might use the same password for several different accounts”可知，密码疲劳可能会导致人们用同一个密码，故选C。【答案】 C7．What can we infer about password fatigue?A．It may create new accounts.B．It can be finally solved in the future.C．It can encourage account holders.D．It will continue to exist for ever.【解析】 推理判断题。根据最后一段的整体内容可推知，密码疲劳这一问题还是可以解决的，故选B。【答案】 B8．Which of the following shows the structure of the text？(P＝Paragraph) 【解析】 推理判断题。根据全文的整体内容可知，第一段讲密码疲劳的定义，第二段和第三段都是引起密码疲劳的原因，第四段和第五段是密码疲劳的影响，最后一段是应对策略，由此可推知，符合本文结构的是D项。【答案】 D C(2018·福州市高中毕业班质检)As missing children age, they outgrow their last known photographs, which makes finding them tough. Now AI (Artificial Intelligence) could make it quicker to match any found children to those old photos.Police can use software to age photos of people who have been missing for a while, but these tend to work best in adults，as age-related changes of adult faces are more predictable and so easier to make.With children，these aged images (图像) don't tend to resemble the older children，and matching photos of found children to old images in a database of missing children is difficult.“Given a recent face image of a child，it is extremely hard for a human to recognize，visually, who the child is from a large data set of child face images，” says Debayan Deb at  Michigan State University.Now Deb and his colleagues have created an algorithm (算法)  to do this for them. They created a face-recognition algorithm on data sets, which contain images of nearly 1，000 children between 2 and 18 years old. Each was photographed at least four times over a period of six years.AI learned to match recent photographs of children with images taken 2.5 years earlier 80 percent of the time.With one year between the two photographs，the method was 90 percent accurate at recognizing faces.This dropped to 73 percent after three years.The approach beats comparing children with photos taken when they were aged 0 to 4 that have been aged by software，which stays at 50 percent recognition after six months. The new AI might help to improve accuracy of this kind of software as well.Deb's next goal is to make the age gap wider. His team also hopes to develop an app that could be used to fight child trafficking．【语篇解读】　该文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了通过人工智能手段来确认丢失孩子的身份。9．What is suggested in Para.1?A．The old photos are hard to read.B．Found children change greatly.C．Children's faces are unpredictable.D．Photos of children are easy to match.【解析】 推理判断题。根据该段中的“As missing children age，they outgrow their last known photographs，which makes finding them tough”可知，随着丢失孩子年龄的增长，他们的长相和所知道的他们最后的照片上的样子非常不同，这使找到他们很难，故答案为B选项(被找到的孩子变化很大)。【答案】 B10．Why do Deb's team do the research?A．To prove the advantages of AI function.B．To help the police change their software.C．To build a database to find the missing children.D．To improve the accuracy of children's face-recognition.【解析】 推理判断题。根据文章第三段中的“Given a recent face image of a child，it is extremely hard for a human to recognize，visually，who the child is from a large data set  of child face  images”和第四段中的“Now Deb and his colleagues have created an algorithm(算法) to do this for them”和第六段中“The new  Al might help to improve accuracy of this kind of software as well”可知，Deb团队做研究的目的是提高脸部图像匹配的准确性。故答案为D选项。【答案】 D11．What does the underlined word “trafficking” in the last paragraph mean?A．Image matching.　　　　      B．Comparing.C．Recognizing.                 D．Illegal trade.【解析】 词义猜测题。纵观文章内容可知，本文介绍了目前警方通过软件确认丢失孩子的身份有难度，Deb和他的团队创造了一个算法可以比较准确地确认一个丢失孩子的身份，根据文中出现的missing children和found children可以推知，画线词在此处指的是非法拐卖(儿童)，故答案为D选项。【答案】 D12．What is the main idea of the text?A．AI could match missing kids to old photos.B．Age?related changes of faces are predictable.C．A face?recognition algorithm has been created.D．A new software is improved to find missing kids.【解析】 主旨大意题。本篇文章的中心句“Now AI(Artificial Intelligence) could make it quicker to match any found children to those old photos”，故答案选A项，人工智能能够把丢失的孩子和旧照片匹配起来。【答案】 A