高考英语二轮复习4.1.8 主旨大意题（2）含答案

  4-1-8主旨大意题(二)

A

(2018·福州市高中毕业班质检)Steve Brosnihan is the“resident cartoonist”at the Children's Hospital, who wanders from room to room drawing and chatting and doing whatever else he can think of to cheer up the sick children. During one visit，he was saying good night to a teenage patient when he had a bright idea.

Steve told the teenager to look out of the window after he left.Outside，Steve flickered(闪烁) his bike light up toward the hospital.To his surprise，the teen responded，flickering his own room lights right back.

Every night after that，Steve flickered his light, and more and more kids flickered back. When he mentioned it to a friend working at a restaurant, the owner said he wanted in too. He started to flicker the restaurant sign for one minute every night at 8：30. Soon enough, the customers started joining in with flashlights and cell phones. Almost by accident, a simple action was changing into a powerful connection between local people and sick children.

Now more than 20 groups are on board for the 8：30 p. m．flicker. Every Wednesday night, police officers line up their cars and flash them. Even boats on the river join in to give their bright good-night wave to kids who are going through frightening situations and sleeping in a strange place.

“It is all I look forward to basically all day，” says Abigail Waldron, aged ten. “It just shows you that somebody is helping you through your whole experience in the hospital.”

“It would be very hard not to do this，” says Steve，“once you start.” The most powerful of all, he adds, comes from the families of children who have died. They continue to return to the hospital to flicker a light outside in support of children who are still patients.

【语篇解读】　本文是一篇记叙文，主要讲述了Steve Brosnihan在儿童医院外向“医院闪烁车灯”使生病的孩子振作起来的故事，后来更多的人参与到闪烁灯光的活动中。

1．Why did Steve Brosnihan flicker his bike light?

A．To get light for the hospital.

B．To comfort a teenage patient.

C．To inform the patients of his leaving.

D．To expect a response from a teenager.

【解析】 推理判断题。根据第一段中的“Steve Brosnihan is the‘resident  cartoonist’  at the Children's Hospital, who wanders from room to room drawing and chatting and doing whatever else he can think of to cheer up the  sick children”和最后一段中的“They continue to return to the hospital to flicker a light outside in support of children who are still patients”可以推知，Steve Brosnihan在医院外闪烁车灯是为了使生病的孩子高兴起来，是为了安慰生病的孩子。故答案选B项。

【答案】 B

2．What does the last sentence in Para.3 mean?

A．A small action can make a difference.

B．Actions speak louder than words.

C．Love makes the world go round.

D．Great minds think alike.

【解析】 句意理解题。句子的字面意思是：几乎是偶然间，一个简单的动作正在变为当地人和生病的孩子们之间的强有力的纽带。再根据本段中提到的Steve Brosnihan把自己所做的事告诉朋友后带来的影响可以推出A选项(一个小小的动作可以产生影响)符合文意。

【答案】 A

3．What can we learn from Waldron's words?

A．He likes to flicker lights.

B．He is frightened of treatment.

C．He gets warmth from the lights.

D．He likes the boat light.

【解析】 推理判断题。Waldron所说的话的意思是：基本上来讲这是“我”一整天所期待的，那完全向你表明有人正在帮你度过你在医院那段难熬的时间。根据上下文可知，闪烁灯光这件事是为了使生病而住院的孩子们高兴起来，Waldron表达的意思是闪烁灯光这件事对生病的他来说，是有所期待的，使自己感受到了帮助，得到了温暖，故答案为C选项。

【答案】 C

4．Which of the following can be the best title for the text?

A．Treatment for Sick Children

B．A Warmhearted Cartoonist

C．The Powerful Lights

D．Lights Flickering in the Hospital

【解析】 标题归纳题。纵观整篇文章可知，Steve Brosnihan偶然有一个在医院外向医院闪烁车灯以使生病的孩子高兴起来的想法，之后在实施该想法的过程中，得到越来越多生病的孩子的回应，并且后来，更多的人参与到该活动中，再根据最后两段内容可知，这个行为影响很大，C选项能够突出主题，故选C。

【答案】 C

B

 (2018·兰州市高三诊断考试)In the last few years, you may have noticed the term“microplastics” in the news. Microplastics are tiny pieces of plastic from discarded(丢弃的) plastic bottles，bags and containers that end up in rivers，lakes and oceans. Because they are so tiny and hard to see，researchers set sail to collect water samples and estimate the amount of plastic in the ocean. The 5 Gyres Institute，an organization aimed at reducing plastic pollution in our oceans, estimates that 296，000 tons of plastic is floating in the world's oceans. But, if you think that oceans are the only water bodies with a microplastics problem, think again—the problem is also reported in the Chesapeake Bay, in our own backyard.

In a partnership with the 5 Gyres Institute, Trash Free Maryland took to the Chesapeake Bay in November to study the presence of microplastics in the water. Setting out from Deale，Maryland，the research team collected seven samples by dragging a trawl(拖网) for an hour at a time. The trawl was fitted with a coneshaped(锥形的) net, whose holes measure 330 microns(微米) wide，about the width of two to three strands of human hair. Water flows through the main opening and the fine mesh(网眼) of the net ensures anything suspended in the water is trapped behind.

In seven samples，the net picked up algae(海藻)，trash, foam and plastic.According to the 5 Gyres Institute representative，the first sample collected contained almost 10 times the amount of plastic than would be collected in a typical ocean sample.The plastic found in the Chesapeake Bay samples included bits of bags, sheeting，fishing lines and microbeads，which are small plastic scrubbers(磨砂) found in the face wash，toothpaste and cleaning products. Microbeads in particular are a major source of microplastics pollution worldwide.They are small enough to bypass water treatment systems' filters(过滤器) and end up in waterways. Scientists warn that chemicals and toxins(毒素) absorbed by microbeads and other microplastics could be passed on to organisms who mistake them for food and eat them，and could then be passed up higher and higher on the food chain, eventually reaching humans.

【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文。通过介绍塑料微粒，人们能更多地了解塑料带给环境的污染。

5．What is the second paragraph mainly about?

A．The description of the trawl.

B．The basic data of the water samples.

C．The process of collecting water samples.

D．The introduction of Trash Free Maryland.

【解析】 段落大意题。根据第二段第二句中的“the research team collected seven samples by dragging a trawl(拖网) for an hour at a time”可知，第二段主要介绍收集水样的过程。

【答案】 C

 6.What does the underlined word“They” in the last paragraph refer to?

A．Bits of bags.　　　　　　　　  B．Chemicals.

C．Microbeads.                  D．Microplastics.

【解析】 词义猜测题。根据最后一段中的“Microbeads in particular are a major source of microplastics pollution worldwide”可知，They在此处指前文提到的Microbeads。

【答案】 C

7．How does the author prove plastic pollution can be harmful to people's health?

A．By analyzing the data.

B．By making comparisons.

C．By giving some examples.

D．By referring to scientists' views.

【解析】 推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“Scientists warn that chemicals and toxins(毒素) absorbed by microbeads and other microplastics could be passed on to organisms who mistake them for food and eat them, and could then be passed up higher and higher on the food chain, eventually reaching humans”可知，通过参考科学家的观点作者证明塑料污染对人体健康有害。

【答案】 D

8．What's the author's purpose in writing this passage?

A．To explain some new scientific terms to people.

B．To let people learn more about plastic pollution.

C．To urge governments to make environmental laws.

D．To tell people some new findings in scientific research.

【解析】 写作目的题。根据文章的描述可知，作者写这篇文章的目的是让人们更多地了解塑料污染。

【答案】 B

C

(2018·长春市普通高中质量监测二)Next time you go shopping, keep in mind that there may be hidden cameras analyzing your habits.According to a 2015 survey of 150 managers from Computer Services Corporation, a quarter of British shops use facial recognition software to collect data on shopper behavior.

With concerns that facer-recognition cameras “are kind of invasive(侵犯的)”， British analysis firm Hoxton Analytics has come up with a new way of measuring footfall(客流量)—by filming people's shoes. The technology can collect a large amount of personal information. “We have cameras at 50 cm off the ground and they point down so they are less invasive than facial recognition，” Duncan Mann, Hoxton's officer said.

As modern cities get fuller—70 percent of the population will live in urban areas by 2050—cameras and other technologies are taking over public spaces and collecting our data. Their purpose is to keep people safe, provide efficient services and prevent disasters and crimes.

But some are not happy with the cameras as far as their privacy(隐私) is concerned. “Very few of us have any real concept of what data smart cities are gathering，” said Renate Samson.

We begin giving away data as soon as we wake up. When we enter the transport system，we are giving away even more details about ourselves through smart cards，mobile phones or credit cards.

Nick Millman，director at a consulting firm thinks statistics are the key to the privacy concern.He used the example of Google Maps, which is to monitor the flow of traffic in Stockholm. He explained，“It is basically adding privacy controls to statistics so that you only see the data you need to know about.”In this case, Google gets enough data to improve traffic but not so much that it shows individual journey patterns.

【语篇解读】　本文主要讨论了在现代生活中，人们对于个人信息以科技途径流失的状况的担忧和可能的解决方法。

9．What is the article mainly about?

A．An introduction to collecting shoppers' data.

B．The concerns about giving away personal data.

C．The problems caused by imbalanced distribution of population.

D．An invention recording and collecting customers' information.

【解析】 主旨大意题。根据第一段最后一句“According to a 2015 survey of 150 managers from Computer Services Corporation, a quarter of British shops use facial recognition software to collect data on shopper behavior”并结合下文内容可知，本文主要讲的是对于泄露个人信息这一问题的担忧，故选B。

【答案】 B

10．The new technology invented by Hoxton Analytics________．

A．can gather a lot of people's personal data from their shoes

B．uses cameras fitted on the ground to collect customers' data

C．has improved the accuracy of facial recognition software

D．offers a perfect solution to customers' privacy concerns

【解析】 细节理解题。根据第二段第一句和第二句“With concerns that face-recognition cameras ‘are kind of invasive(侵犯的)’，British analysis firm Hoxton Analytics has come up with a new way of measuring footfall(客流量)—by filming people's shoes. The technology can collect a large amount of personal information”可知，Hoxton Analytics公司所发明的新技术通过分析客人的鞋子而收集他们的个人信息，故选A。

【答案】 A

11．According to the author，cameras in modern cities________．

A．cause a huge waste of public spaces

B．help reduce the size of population in urban areas

C．are likely to help improve traffic conditions

D．are to avoid crimes and disasters and provide efficient services

【解析】 细节理解题。根据第三段最后一句“Their purpose is to keep people safe, provide efficient services and prevent disasters and crimes”可知，作者认为摄像头在现代城市应用是为了避免犯罪、灾难并提供有效服务，故选D。

【答案】 D

12．What is Renate Samson's attitude toward the rise of smart cities?

A．Worried.　　　　　　　B．Optimistic.

C．Confused.             D．Uninterested.

【解析】 观点态度题。根据第四段第一句“But some are not happy with the cameras as far as their privacy(隐私) is concerned”可推知，Renate Samson对于智能城市的增加是很担忧的，这与本段最后一句“‘Very few of us have any real concept of what data smart cities are gathering，’ said Renate Samson”呼应，故选A。

【答案】 A