高考英语二轮复习专题21生态环保类阅读.社会文化类阅读含答案

  专题二十一　生态环保类阅读+社会文化类阅读+完形填空+语篇填空+短文改错

　高考题型强化练第55页　 

Ⅰ.阅读理解

A

(2018浙江温州六校联考)

The Maldives faces the threat of extinction from rising sea levels,but the government said on Thursday it was looking to the future with plans to build homes and a golf course that can float.

An increase in sea levels of just 18 to 59 centimeters would make the Maldives—a nation of a number of tiny coral islands in the Indian Ocean—not suitable for humans to live in by 2100,the UN’s climate change experts have warned.

President Mohamed Nasheed has declared a fight for survival,and last month he signed a deal with a Dutch company to study suggestions for a floating structure that could support a conference centre,homes and an 18-hole golf course.

The company,Dutch Docklands,is currently building floating developments in the Netherlands and Dubai.Its website said it undertook projects that make “land from water by providing large-scale floating constructions to create similar conditions as on land”.

The Maldives began to work on an artificial island known as the Hulhumale near the crowded capital island of Male in 1997 and more than 30,000 people have been settled there in order to ease crowdedness.The city,which has a population of 100,000,is already protected from rising sea levels by a 30-million-dollar sea wall,and the government is considering increasingly imaginative ways to fight climate change.

Nasheed,who held the world’s first underwater cabinet(内阁) meeting in October to highlight his people’s serious and difficult situation,has even spoken of buying land elsewhere in the world to enable Maldivians to relocate if their homes are completely covered.

He has also promised to turn his nation into a model for the rest of the world by becoming “carbon neutral(碳中和)” by 2020.His plan involves ending fossil fuel use and powering all vehicles and buildings from “green” sources such as burning coconut husks.

【语篇解读】本文是生态环保类阅读。讲述马尔代夫人民面对海平面的上升不得不考虑如何应对被淹没的可能。现在他们开始在首都附近建了一个人工岛Hulhumale,现在已经有30,000多人搬到了这个岛上,缓解了一些压力。最后文章呼吁人们减少二氧化碳的排放。

1.Which of the following about the Maldives is right according to the passage?

A.It is made up of many small islands.

B.It has been covered by water now.

C.Its people live in underwater houses.

D.Its people live in their floating homes.

答案A

解析细节理解题。根据第二段“Anincreaseinsealevelsofjust18to59centimeterswouldmaketheMaldives—anationofanumberoftinycoralislandsintheIndianOcean—notsuitableforhumanstoliveinby2100”可知,马尔代夫由很多小岛组成,预计2100年可能被水淹没,不是现在,所以A项正确,而B项错误;再根据第一段“butthegovernmentsaidonThursdayitwaslookingtothefuturewithplanstobuildhomesandagolfcoursethatcanfloat.”可知C项和D项错误。答案为A项。

2.What probably is the reason why Mohamed Nasheed chose Dutch Docklands for his plan?

A.It has a good fame throughout the world.

B.It charged much less than other companies.

C.It has experience in building floating structures.

D.It supports building floating structures in the world.

答案C

解析细节理解题。根据第四段“Itswebsitesaiditundertookprojectsthatmake‘landfromwaterbyprovidinglarge-scalefloatingconstructionstocreatesimilarconditionsasonland’”可知,这家公司的网站上显示他们曾经承担过类似的在水上建造建筑物的任务,所以答案为C项。

3.Why did the Maldives begin to build the Hulhumale?

A.Because it could attract more visitors.

B.Because the country intended to make it a new capital.

C.Because it could fight against climate change.

D.Because it could make the capital less crowded.

答案D

解析细节理解题。根据第五段“TheMaldivesbegantoworkonanartificialislandknownastheHulhumalenearthecrowdedcapitalislandofMalein1997andmorethan30,000peoplehavebeensettledthereinordertoeasecrowdedness.”可知,建立Hulhumale的目的是为了减轻首都的交通拥堵状况。答案为D项。

4.What is the author’s purpose in writing the passage?

A.To promote the idea of low-carbon living style.

B.To tell people that the Maldives is disappearing soon.

C.To discuss the causes why the Maldives faces extinction.

D.To introduce the efforts taken by Maldivians to fight for life.

答案D

解析意图态度题。文章主要介绍了由于马尔代夫是个岛国,海平面的上升有可能导致这个岛国被淹没,以及马尔代夫为解决人类生存这一问题而采取的措施。

B

(2018四川南充质检)

My daughter went to see TheWildOne recently and she commented that Marlon Brando was wearing jeans so long ago.Of course he helped set the trend,so that got me thinking about the link between films and trends in fashion.Fashion and films have gone hand in hand for long.TheWildOne is a good example:it appeared in 1954,starring Brando.Dressed in a black leather motorcycle jacket,leather cap and jeans,he created a look which is still considered “cool” today.Everyone from Madonna to middle-aged men is seen wearing the classic leather motorcycle jacket.

Another strong influence on fashion trends was BreakfastatTiffany’s,starring Audrey Hepburn.She made famous the simple black dress that looks perfect at either a cocktail party or just standing around an expensive department store like Tiffany’s with a pastry and coffee in your hand,as Audrey Hepburn does in the film.She looks so elegant,wearing simple but beautiful dresses,big dark glasses and a string of pearls around her neck.Audrey Hepburn still influences women’s fashion with her “Tiffany’s look”.

In more modern times,the film star Uma Thurman created a major fashion trend when she appeared in the film PulpFiction,made in 1994.Her style was very simple.Her black trousers,crisp white shirt and hair style were copied by women in the world.

Influencing fashion trends can often be about timing.The movie MemoirsofaGeisha came just in time to start a trend in Japanese fashion.It starred the Chinese actress Zhang Ziyi,who wore beautiful silk kimonos(和服),and it won an Oscar for Costume Design.Many travel companies picked up on the trend and ran “geisha trips” to Japan.The film has also led to a regained interest in kimonos.It is now quite common to see young Japanese women wearing kimonos not just on traditional occasions,but at various social events.The fashion is also beginning to spread to western countries.

【语篇解读】本文是社会文化类阅读。主要介绍了电影对时尚的影响,并通过具体的例子来证明这一点。

5.What is the best title of the passage?

A.Films and fashion B.Stars’ fashion

C.Influential films D.Film cultures

答案A

解析主旨大意题。根据第一段第二句“Ofcoursehehelpedsetthetrend,sothatgotmethinkingaboutthelinkbetweenfilmsandtrendsinfashion.”可知,本文通过马龙·白兰度的著名电影TheWildOne 引出了电影能够影响流行时尚趋势的话题。接下来列举多部电影引起流行时尚变化的例子,由此可知本文正是关于电影和时尚的。答案为A项。

6.Who will people associate Madonna wearing the leather motorcycle jacket with?

A.Zhang Ziyi. B.Audrey Hepburn.

C.Uma Thurman. D.Marlon Brando.

答案D

解析细节理解题。根据第一段后三句“TheWildOneisagoodexample:itappearedin1954,starringBrando.Dressedinablackleathermotorcyclejacket,leathercapandjeans,hecreatedalookwhichisstillconsidered ‘cool’ today.EveryonefromMadonnatomiddle-agedmenisseenwearingtheclassicleathermotorcyclejacket.”可知,正是Brando在电影TheWildOne中的机车夹克、牛仔裤和皮帽子的服装创造出一种现在人们仍然认为很酷的时尚潮流,当麦当娜穿上这样的服装的时候,人们会联想到马龙·白兰度。答案为D项。

7.What is implied in the film BreakfastatTiffany’s according to the passage?

A.One can be active by wearing black.

B.One can be elegant by wearing simply.

C.One can be famous by looking perfect.

D.One can be stylish by eating at Tiffany’s.

答案B

解析推理判断题。根据文章第二段倒数第二句“Shelookssoelegant,wearingsimplebutbeautifuldresses,bigdarkglassesandastringofpearlsaroundherneck.”可知,在电影BreakfastatTiffany’s中Tiffany开创了一种简约而优雅的时尚服饰潮流。答案为B项。

8.What does the film MemoirsofaGeisha lead to?

A.The popularity of the Chinese actress.

B.The worldwide reading of Geisha stories.

C.The recovery of interest in kimonos.

D.The “geisha trips” to social events.

答案C

解析细节理解题。根据文章最后一段倒数第三句“Thefilmhasalsoledtoaregainedinterestinkimonos.”可知,电影MemoirsofaGeisha重新激发了人们对日本和服的喜爱。答案为C项。

Ⅱ.完形填空

(2018广西南宁模考)

On the night of October 16th,coming up at ten o’clock,my mother prepared what would be my father’s last meal.That week he worked 　1　 shifts.He started at midnight. 

Just after 2 am,the group went for coffee.There was a 　2　 that always had to be operated and he said,“It’s okay.You guys all 　3　 and I’ll work it.” 

The machine would 　4　 quickly,occasionally,for one moment Dad made a 　5　—he didn’t pay attention,and his head was stuck in the machine.In panic,the workers 　6　 back and cut the base of the machine and transported it with him in the ambulance. 

Mother was 　7　 that there was an accident and to meet at the 　8　.My oldest brother Ken,then sixteen,　9　mother there,and my other brother Bob,then fourteen,stayed with me at home.Father died on the road. 

When we were overcome with the 　10　,a spokesperson for the hospital 　11　 my mother if they could take one of my father’s eyes—they had a person 　12　 it.My mother replied,“Yes!” 

Years later,in the late summer,I was at the Woodlawn Cemetery where my father’s body rests.As I finished 　13　 and stood,a man from behind me said,“How are you now,Frank?” 

Knowing only the 　14　,and his friends and co-workers called him “Frank”,I 　15　 thought that this man must have 　16　 him.As I turned to face him,I replied,“He’s my father.” 

This man,Frank Bazylak,as I would learn later,replied,“I 　17　 with your father for a short time,just over a year,but he made an impact on my life.He was so powerful,so 　18　 and so giving.You know,he wasn’t meant to be there that day.But that was Frank.” 

Almost four decades later and from a 　19　,there in the cemetery,I’d heard 　20　 stories about my father. 

【语篇解读】本文是一篇记叙文。作者的爸爸在工厂发生事故后去世,妈妈在医院同意捐献他的一只眼睛。最后通过与一位陌生人的对话说明了父亲的美德。

1.A.morning B.noon

C.night D.afternoon

答案C

解析根据第一段第一句中的“Onthenight”和空后的“Hestartedatmidnight”可知,爸爸应该是上夜班。所以选C项。

2.A.duty　　　 B.job C.truck　　　D.machine

答案D

解析根据空后的“hadtobeoperated”和“I’llworkit”可知,此处应是一台机器需要一直有人操作。另外第三段第一句中的“Themachinewould　4　quickly”也是提示。 

3.A.stay B.go

C.hide D.watch

答案B

解析根据第二段第一句中的“thegroupwentforcoffee”以及最后一句中的“I’llworkit”可推断,此处指离开(去喝咖啡),故选B项。

4.A.move B.break

C.change D.fly

答案A

解析根据语境可知,此处是指这台机器运转(move)很快。

5.A.decision B.difference

C.life D.mistake

答案D

解析根据空后内容可知,此处指爸爸犯了一个错误。

6.A.walked B.rushed

C.looked D.turned

答案B

解析根据上文可知,其他人都去喝咖啡了,所以爸爸的头卡在机器里时,他们应该是快速赶(rushed)回。

7.A.warned B.minded

C.informed D.threatened

答案C

解析根据常识可知,爸爸发生事故,这时应是通知妈妈到医院去,所以选C项。warn“警告,提醒”;mind“介意”;inform“告知,通知”;threaten“威胁,恐吓”。

8.A.factory B.office

C.hospital D.workplace

答案C

解析根据句意可知,应该是通知妈妈去医院,所以选C项。

9.A.comforted B.urged

C.calmed D.drove

答案D

解析根据语境并结合选项可知,妈妈要到医院去,所以哥哥开车送妈妈去那里。

10.A.sorrow B.incident

C.trouble D.treatment

答案A

解析根据上文可知,父亲的去世使我们处于悲痛之中。beovercomewith...“受到……的极大影响”。

11.A.suggested B.asked

C.puzzled D.embarrassed

答案B

解析根据空后内容可知,此处应是询问(asked)妈妈的意见。

12.A.caring about B.suffering from

C.turning to D.waiting for

答案D

解析根据语境可以推断,此处是指一个病人(一直)在等待(waitingfor)(有人捐献)眼睛来治疗(自己的眼睛)。

13.A.blessing B.missing

C.praying D.chatting

答案C

解析根据空前的“attheWoodlawnCemetery”并结合生活常识可知,“我”在墓地完成祷告(praying)。bless“祝福,保佑”。

14.A.family B.doctors

C.company D.policemen

答案A

解析根据空后内容并结合语境可知,“我”知道只有家人、爸爸的朋友和同事叫他Frank。所以选项A符合语境。

15.A.slowly B.quickly

C.nervously D.carefully

答案B

解析根据上文内容可知,“我”应是迅速地(quickly)认为这个人一定是认识(known)爸爸的。

16.A.respected B.loved

C.recognized D.known

答案D

解析respect“尊重”;love“爱”;recognize“认出”;know“认识”,根据句意可知应选D项。

17.A.discussed B.quarreled

C.worked D.agreed

答案C

解析根据空后的“forashorttime,justoverayear,buthemadeanimpactonmylife”和下文中的“hewasn’tmeanttobetherethatday”可推知,这个人应该是爸爸的同事,所以空处应指与爸爸一起工作过。

18.A.clever B.considerate

C.modest D.strict

答案B

解析根据空前的“powerful”和空后的“giving”同时结合上文已经介绍的爸爸让所有的同事去喝咖啡,自己一个人留下操作机器以及倒数第二段最后一句可知,爸爸也是一个体贴的(considerate)人。

19.A.stranger B.friend

C.colleague D.brother

答案A

解析根据文章倒数第二、三段可知,“我”在墓地遇到的人于“我”而言是一位陌生人。

20.A.wonderful B.cheerful

C.sad D.false

答案A

解析根据倒数第二段内容可知,文章主要介绍了爸爸的优秀品质。故此处应指“我”听到了令人惊叹的故事。wonderful“令人惊叹的”,符合语境。

Ⅲ.语篇填空

(2018江西八校联考)

Chinese oracle bone inscriptions(甲骨文) over 3,000 years old are now being widely used as emojis by young WeChat users,thanks to a person who made them 1.(close) to people’s life than before.

“The ancient characters are not as cool and distant 2. they are supposed to be,” said the 3.(create) Chen Nan.“In fact,they are cute and humorous,and they could totally serve our needs for online expression.” 4.　　　　　　 46-year-old professor of fine art at Tsinghua University has been working to make oracle bone inscriptions into emojis.For example,the character for “zui,” 5.　　　　　　 means “drunk” in English,was created 6.　　　　　　(look) like a stumbling figure. 

Chen has also combined the ancient Chinese characters with cartoon figures.A cartoon video clip 7.　　　　　　(feature) oracle bone inscriptions designed by him was viewed 31 million times and shared 140,000 times. 

Chen worked on the road of innovation 19 years ago.In 2016,the ancient typeface 8.　　　　　　(include) into the font library under his efforts to let the ancient words walk into people’s life.Now the library has as many as 3,500 characters,9.　　　　　　 Chen’s research on the project still continues,as he plans to extend the library to 7,000 characters.In the future,he will apply the ancient characters 10.　　　　　　 education and development of games and apps. 

答案与解析

【语篇解读】本文是说明文。讲述了中国有着3000多年历史的甲骨文正在被年轻的微信用户们用作表情包广泛使用。

1.closer　考查形容词比较级。根据后面的thanbefore可知应该用形容词比较级。

2.as　考查连词。句意:甲骨文没有它们看上去的那么高冷深沉。as...as...“像……一样……”。

3.creator　考查名词。这里指产品的创造者,所以用名词creator。

4.The　考查冠词。这里特指46-year-oldprofessor“四十六岁的教授”,所以用定冠词The。

5.which　考查定语从句。这里考查非限定性定语从句,which指代前面的先行词thecharacterfor“zui”。

6.tolook　考查非谓语动词。句意:它被设计的看起来就像一个歪歪斜斜的人。这里用不定式表目的。

7.featuring　考查非谓语动词。句意:一个由他设计的甲骨文动画视频浏览量达3100万次。feature作为动词意思是“以……为特征或特色,描写……的特征”,这里考查动词-ing形式作后置定语。

8.wasincluded　考查时态和语态。句意:2016年甲骨文被纳入字体库,古老的文字走进了人们的生活。根据时间状语“in2016”可知用过去时态,且“theancienttypeface”与“include”之间是被动关系,所以用过去时的被动语态。

9.but/yet　考查连词。句意:现在,甲骨文字体库里已有3500个汉字,不过陈楠的研究工程仍在继续。这里前后句为转折关系。

10.to　考查固定搭配。句意:将来,他还打算将甲骨文元素融入文化教育产业、小游戏开发、app等领域。apply...to...“将……应用在……”。

Ⅳ.短文改错

(2018辽宁大连联考)

Nobody could have failed to notice the fact that drunk driving has become a grave problem what we are faced with.Reports are often heard about deaths result from drunk driving.

A number of factor might have led to this problem.Firstly,Chinese have the custom of urging guests to drink more and regard them as a sign of hospitality.Secondly,the boom of Chinese economy in the past decades brought along a sharp increase in a number of private cars.Lastly,laws and regulations were not severely enough in the past.

To our relief,relevant laws and regulations have been put into the effect to punish those who drives after drinking.And more can be done to avoid drunk driving until things get worse.

答案

Nobody could have failed to notice the fact that drunk driving has become a grave problem  we are faced with.Reports are often heard about deaths  from drunk driving.

A number of  might have led to this problem.Firstly,Chinese have the custom of urging guests to drink more and regard  as a sign of hospitality.Secondly,the boom of Chinese economy in the past decades  brought along a sharp increase in a number of private cars.Lastly,laws and regulations were not  enough in the past.

To our relief,relevant laws and regulations have been put into

 effect to punish those who  after drinking.And more can be done to avoid drunk driving  things get worse.