高三英语大一轮复习5-1 unit 5 nelson mandela-a modern hero核心素养测评含解析

核心素养测评 五必修1　 Unit 5　Nelson Mandela—a modern hero

(限时35分钟)

Ⅰ. 阅读理解

　　Role models are powerful. No matter what stage of life you’re at, it’s good to have someone who encourages you to be the best version of yourself.  Recent winners of national commendations(表彰) mean we have a wider range of possible role models.

As part of the celebration of the 70th anniversary of the founding of the People’s Republic of China(PRC), President Xi Jinping signed a presidential decree(主席令)on Sept 17 to award 42 people the Medal of the Republic, the Friendship Medal and national honorary(荣誉的)titles, China Daily reported. Recipients come from various backgrounds, including scientists, lawmakers,  educators, artists, model workers and six non-Chinese individuals.  All have made big contributions to the nation’s construction and development.

Chinese scientist Tu Youyou is one of the eight who were awarded the Medal of the Republic. Tu, who won the 2015 Nobel Prize for her discovery of the malaria drug artemisinin (抗疟药物青蒿素), is the first Chinese citizen to win a Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine. She has saved millions of lives worldwide. She has also made important scientific innovations in traditional Chinese medicine.

“It is my dream that Chinese medicine will help us conquer(战胜)life-threatening diseases worldwide and that people across the globe will enjoy its benefits, ”Tu once wrote in the science journal Nature Medicine.

Tu is not the only one who has given her life to the country’s development. Nan Rendong, before his death in 2017, led the research and development of China’s Five-hundred-meter Aperture Spherical Radio Telescope(FAST, 500米口径球面射电望远镜), the world’s largest radio telescope. He worked on the project for more than 20 years. The facility(设备)he designed helps humans search for extraterrestrial civilizations(外星文明)and marked a Chinese technological milestone. His contributions to Chinese astronomy(天文) earned him the title, “the people’s scientist”.

Also receiving awards are six foreign friends who have lent their hands to assist with China’s prosperity(繁荣).  Former French Prime Minister Jean-Pierre Raffarin, an honoree of the Friendship Medal, is an advocate(支持者)of the Belt and Road Initiative. Having worked to strengthen the friendship between French and Chinese people in the past decades, he told Xinhua that he is“sincerely pleased”with the honor. “To work for this friendship is to work for peace, ”Raffarin said.

Thanks to the great efforts made by these heroic figures,  we can live in a prosperous and peaceful country. Hopefully these role models can also light the way for future nation building.

【文章大意】榜样的力量是无穷的。作为建国70周年庆典的一部分, 习近平主席签署了一项主席令——嘉奖对国家建设和发展做出杰出贡献的屠呦呦、南仁东以及法国前总理Jean-Pierre Raffarin等人。文章主要介绍了这三位杰出人物的事迹。

1. What’s the main purpose of the article?

A. To express thanks to national heroes.

B. To tell readers what makes a good role model.

C. To describe the national honorary titles awarded recently.

D. To introduce some of the people who won national awards.

【解析】选D。目的意图题。根据文章第一段首句“Role models are powerful. ”与第二段习近平签署的嘉奖主席令以及后文对三位杰出人物的介绍可知, 本文的写作目的就是介绍获奖的人。

2. What do we know about Tu Youyou?

A. She is the only woman to be awarded the Medal of the Republic.

B. She won a Nobel Prize for her discovery of artemisinin in 2017.

C. She has helped millions of people around the world defeat malaria.

D. She has helped traditional Chinese medicine gain popularity worldwide.

【解析】选C。细节理解题。根据第三段中的“Tu,  who won the 2015 Nobel Prize for her discovery of the malaria drug artemisinin. . . she has saved millions of lives worldwide. ”可知, 屠呦呦发现了抗疟药物青蒿素, 挽救了世界上数百万人们的生命, 也因此获得了2015年的诺贝尔奖。

3. Nan Rendong was awarded for his contributions in the field of ______.  

A. law　　　　　　　　B. agriculture

C. astronomy    D. education

【解析】选C。细节理解题。根据第五段的描述可知, 南仁东曾经主导研究和发展了500米口径球面射电望远镜(FAST), 这是世界上最大的电波天文望远镜。由此可知, 他的贡献在天文领域。

4. Why did Jean-Pierre Raffarin receive an award?

A. He introduced Chinese education to France.

B. He has helped improve China-France relations.

C. He has organized many cultural activities in China.

D. He has devoted himself to China’s economy.

【解析】选B。细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中的“Jean-Pierre Raffarin. . . Having worked to strengthen the friendship between French and Chinese people in the past decades. . . ”。可知, Jean-Pierre Raffarin获奖, 是因为他帮助改善了中法关系。

Ⅱ. 完形填空世纪金榜导学号

　　When I was eighteen,  I couldn’t wait to get my first job,  which meant I made the first step toward adulthood.

But it was difficult to get a work permit. One day I was dropped off by my parents at the 　1　 ,  where applicants took their physical tests for work permits. Although I had night blindness,  my vision was clearer during the day,  which helped me walk 　2　 by myself. Then the doctor began the 　3　. He looked into my eyes with a bright light. “I suggest your parents take you to an eye specialist, ” he said,  “I 　4　 you have a retinal(视网膜的) disease. If you do,  you’ll never 　5　 a day in your life. . . ” 

My parents did take me to specialists. After much time and money spent seeking an 　6　 result,  it was determined that I had an eye disease that slowly 　7　 a person of sight. But still,  during daylight,  I could walk without 　8　. I could read,  but not for hours. My eyes began to tear and words slipped off the page when I read more than a few pages. However,  no matter how 　9　 my eyes became,  I never gave up reading. I knew the 　10　 of great writers as well as the most popular music stars. Their words were powerful,  which 　11　 me to try writing. Soon writing brought me a lot of 　12　 each time I completed a paper.  

Then an important phone call from an editor changed my life. An article I 　13　 appeared in a local newspaper. The newspaper,  to my 　14 　,  continued to print my work. Next,  a book series published several of my essays. I got interested in writing and 　15　 up with each acceptance. On the pages,  readers never knew of my blindness 　16　 I chose to present it. For me,  finding my voice through writing gave me the pride and satisfaction I began to 　17　 so many years ago. Now,  I have numerous essays and articles in 　18　.  

Should I be thanking that misguided doctor? By falsely predicting that I could never work a day,  he fueled my 　19　 into success. He set the bar too 　20　 and focused on what I wouldn’t be able to do. Yet I proved what I could do.  

【文章大意】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了一名医生错误的预言反而让作者勇于与困难作斗争, 并喜欢上了写作, 最终成功的故事。

1. A. station　 B. clinic　 C. company　 D. lab

【解析】选B。 station车站; clinic诊所;company公司; lab实验室。根据下文“where applicants took their physical tests for work permits”可知, 那些申请者们都在那个地方做身体检查, 故可知当时作者是在“诊所”里体检。故选B。

2. A. silently  B. suddenly

C. proudly  D. easily

【解析】选D。silently安静地; suddenly忽然; proudly骄傲地;easily容易地。根据语境, 当时作者有夜盲症, 但在白天看得很清楚, 所以他还是能够很“容易地”自己走路。故选D。

3.  A. operation  B. examination

C. argument  D. treatment

【解析】选B。 operation手术; examination检查;argument争论;treatment治疗。根据上文提示, 可知作者在诊所做身体“检查”。故选B。

4. A. suspect  B. order

C. suggest  D. command

【解析】选A。suspect怀疑; order命令; suggest建议;command要求。句意:我怀疑你有视网膜疾病。结合语境和句意可知, 此处用“怀疑”符合语境。故选A。

5. A. rest  B. live  C. work  D. sleep

【解析】选C。rest休息; live生活; work工作;sleep睡觉。根据文章最后一段第二句中的“I could never work a day”可知, 此处用work, 故选C。

6. A. urgent   B. obvious

C. ordinary   D. accurate

【解析】选D。 urgent紧急的; obvious明显的; ordinary普通的; accurate准确的。根据后文“it was determined that I had an eye disease”提到最终确定我的眼部疾病, 由此可知, 父母带我到处求医就是为了得到一个“准确的”结果。故选D。

7. A. robs   B. warns

C. reminds   D. informs

【解析】选A。robs抢劫;warns警告;reminds提醒;informs告诉。根据上下文可知, 这种眼疾会慢慢“夺走”我的视力。rob sb.  of sth. 是固定搭配, 意思是“把某人的某物掠夺了”。故选A。

8. A. medicine  B. allowance

 C. balance  D. assistance

【解析】选D。medicine药;allowance允许; balance平衡;assistance帮助。根据上下文语境可知, 作者仍然是在白天不需要任何人的“协助”可以自己走路。故选D。

9. A. excited  B. confused

C. tired  D. moved

【解析】选C。excited兴奋的; confused困惑的; tired疲倦的; moved感动的。根据上文“My eyes began to tear and words slipped off the page”可知, 读书时间长了作者的眼睛会感到“疲倦”, 故选C。

10.  A. houses  B. names

C. addresses  D. habits

【解析】选B。houses房子;names名字; addresses地址; habits习惯。根据对上下文的理解, 尤其是下文中的“the most popular music stars”可知, 选项B合理, 指的是作家们的“姓名”。故选B。

11.  A. asked  B. forced

C. encouraged  D. permitted

【解析】选C。asked问; forced强迫; encouraged鼓励; permitted允许。根据上下文语境可知, 作者读了很多书, 是这些文字“激励”作者去尝试写作, 故选C。

12.  A. trouble  B. pleasure

C. stress  D. worry

【解析】选B。 trouble麻烦; pleasure快乐;stress压力;worry忧虑。根据上下文语境可知, 写作给作者带来了很多的“乐趣”, 故选B。

13.  A. admitted   B. wanted

C. described   D. penned

【解析】选D。admitted承认;wanted想要;described描述;penned写。句意:我所写的一篇文章出现在当地的报纸上。根据下文可知, 是作者“写的”文章被登上了报纸。故选D。

14.  A. delight   B. admiration

C. disappointment  D. shame

【解析】选A。delight高兴;admiration钦佩; disappointment失望;shame羞愧。根据下文报纸继续刊登作者的文章可推断出, 作者非常“高兴”, 故选A。

15.  A. gave  B. came C. lit  D. put

【解析】选C。gave给;came来; lit点亮; put放。句意:我对写作很感兴趣, 每当作品被别人接受, 我就会很高兴。light(lit是其过去式) up是固定搭配, 意思是“点亮, 照亮”, 此处是指高兴起来。故选C。

16.  A. unless  B. although

C. since  D. after

【解析】选A。 unless除非; although尽管; since由于;after在……之后。句意:在书中, 读者永远不会知道我是盲人, 除非我刻意展示这一点。根据句意可知, 这是一个条件状语从句, 结合所给选项可知选A。

17.  A. fear  B. bring C. seek  D. reject

【解析】选C。 fear害怕; bring带来; seek寻找;reject拒绝。根据上下文语境可知, 是作者多年以来一直寻求的心灵上的回报, 故选C。

18. A. print  B. time C. use  D. mind

【解析】选A。 print印刷;time时间;use使用; mind思想。句意:现在我已经出版了无数文章。在英语中, in print是固定搭配, 意思是“已出版的”。故选A。

19.  A. imagination  B. motivation

C. responsibility  D. personality

【解析】选B。imagination想象;motivation动力; responsibility责任;personality个性。根据上文语境可知, 医生错误的预言给作者很大的“动力”, 让作者有了今天的成就。故选B。

20.  A. far  B. long C. close  D. low

【解析】选D。 far远的;long长的; close近的;low低的。根据上文可知, 医生认为作者不能工作, 作者却有如此大的成就, 因此, 医生给作者设的坎太“低”了, 故选D。

　　【知识拓展】佳词积累

1. permit　　　　 vt. 许可;允许 n. 许可证

2. drop off  让……下车

3. specialist  n. 专家

4. powerful  adj. 强有力的

5. continue  v.  继续

6. satisfaction  n.  满足

7. predict  v.  预测

Ⅲ. 读后续写

(2020•绍兴模拟)

阅读下面短文, 根据所给情节进行续写, 使之构成一个完整的故事。

When I was ten years old,  I lived with my family in a small house in rural South Jersey. I often accompanied my mother to the A&P to buy groceries. Without a car,  we walked,  and I would help her carry the bags.  

My mother had to shop very carefully,  as she was a waitress,  and her salary barely sustained (勉强维持) us. One day,  while she was weighing prices,  a promotional display for the World Book Encyclopedia caught my eye. The volumes were beautifully cream-colored. Volume Ⅰ was ninety-nine cents with a ten-dollar purchase.  

All I could think of while shopping was the book. I stood at the register (收银台) with my mother,  holding my breath as the cashier rang up the items. It came to over eleven dollars. My mother produced a five,  some singles,  and a handful of change. As she was counting out the money,  I somehow found the courage to ask for the encyclopedia (百科全书). “Could we get one?” I said,  showing her the display. “It’s only ninety-nine cents. ”

I did not understand my mother’s increasing anxiety; she did not have enough change and had to sacrifice a large can of peas to pay the amount.  “Not now,  Patricia, ” she said sternly. “Today is not a good day. ” I packed the groceries and followed her home,  upset.

The next Saturday,  my mother gave me a dollar and sent me to the A&P alone. Two quarts of milk and a loaf of bread — that’s what a dollar in 1957. I went straight to the World Book display. There was only one first volume left,  which I placed in my cart (购物车). I didn’t need a cart,  but I took one so that I could read as I went up and down the aisles. A lot of time went by and I knew I had to leave,  but I couldn’t bear to part with the book. With no detective in sight,  I,  impulsively (冲动地),  put it inside my shirt and zipped up my jacket. I was a tall,  skinny kid,  and I am certain the shape of the book was obvious.

注意:

1. 所续写短文的词数应为150左右;

2. 应使用5个以上短文中标有下划线的关键词语;

3. 续写部分分为两段, 每段的开头语已为你写好;

4. 续写完成后, 请用下划线标出你所使用的关键词语。

Paragraph 1:

　　My heart beating rapidly,  I headed for the register.

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Paragraph 1:

　　Back home,  I told my mother what I had promised the detective.

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【参考范文】

Paragraph 1:

My heart beating rapidly,  I headed for the register.  I paid the dollar for the three items and was about to leave when I felt a heavy tap on my shoulder. It was a big detective. “You stole something. You will be searched. ” he announced. Horrified,  I slid the book out from the inside shirt and handed it over. “An encyclopedia?” he asked,  somewhat surprised. “Yes, ” I whispered,  trembling. “Why didn’t you ask your parents to purchase it?” “I did,  but they didn’t have the money. ” With a sigh,  he made me promise to tell my parents about my wrongdoing and then let me leave.

Paragraph 2:

Back home,  I told my mother what I had promised the detective. Unexpectedly,  she didn’t explode as usual. She fell silent,  looking extremely anxious. Consumed with guilt,  I gathered my courage,  apologized and promised that it would never happen again. “All will be OK! ” said my mother,  wrapping me in her arms. Then she told me that she would go to the A&P to tell the detective I had admitted and that I should play outside. Hours later,  when I was back home,  I noticed a bag with my name on it. I opened it and packed inside was the World Book Encyclopedia,  Volume Ⅰ.