第11 讲 必修一Unit5 词汇和阅读 -【暑假自学课】2022年新高一英语暑假精品课（新外研版2019必修1）

第11讲 Unit5  Into the wild  （词汇与阅读）

       【学习目标】

1. 提前预习新外研版必修一Unit5的重点词汇和阅读
2. 掌握中高考阅读理解区别和题型解题技巧
3. 掌握常见三种构词法

        【基础知识】

一．重点词汇学习

1.annual adj.             

2.seek v.              

3. measure v.               

4.determine v.               

5.crash v.              

6.destroy v.               

7. amazing adj.             

8. solution  n.              

9. mystery  n.               

10. effect n.             

11. chemical  n.              

12.eventually adv.              

13.breathtaking  adj.              

14.shock v.               

15.source n.              

16.found n.              

17.recovery  n.             

18.variety n.              

19. element              

20.encounter v.              

21.concentrate  v.              

22.image n.              

23.reaction n.              

24.capture v.               

25..stare adj.             

26.freeze v.              

27.exact adj..              

28. after all               

29.brave the elements             

30.rain cars and dogs              

31.hold your horses             

32.kill two birds with one stone              

33. flow chart              

34.migrate              

35.creature              

36.charity             

重点词汇答案：见教材词汇表

二．重点词汇解析

考点一：Determine(vt):测定准确算出；确定；决定，决心做某事；查明；裁决

  Determine to do sth=decide to do sth=make up one’s mind to do sth

     Determine on/upon sth:就某事做出决定

     With determination:顽强地，有决心地

     Be determined to do sth:决心做某事，决意做某事

例1．【单句填空】

1. Johnson had made up his mind to give it up, but on second thought he determined      (try) a third time.
2. He patted(轻拍) me on the shoulder, with a        (determine) look, saying that I had the capability to succeed.
3. He did the experiment day and night, determined           (find) out an effective way to treat the disease.
4. Where he once felt like giving up, he now has the            (determine) to push further and keep on going.

考点二：Amazing(adj):惊人的，了不起的     amazement(n)

 Be amazed at/by/ that.......

 Be amazed to do sth

 To one’s amazement

 In/with amazement:惊奇地

例2．【单句填空】

1. It was only after we had watched Amazing China that we realized what         (amaze) achievements China has made in the past five years.
2. The           expression on her face suggested she was         when she heard the news.(amaze)
3. Much to my           (amaze), he was able to recite the whole poem from memory.

考点三：

辨析：destroy , damage,ruin, spoil

      Destroy:指彻底毁坏或毁灭，基本上无法修复

     Damage:指部分损坏，可修复；一般暗指损坏后价值或效益会降低（多用于无生命的事物）

     Ruin:指（完全地）损坏，使好的事物向不好的方向发展，不可修复（可希望，愿望的破灭）

     Spoil:指损坏，也侧重指宠坏，溺爱

Destruction(n):破坏，摧毁，毁灭       destructive(adj):毁灭性的，引起破坏的

例3．【单句填空】

    (destroy/damage/ruin)

1.   (1) Several houses were slightly         by the storm in the village.

(2)  One of my friends asked me to help him with his lessons this weekend, and this     my plan.

(3)  Data shows that nearly 19,770 acres(英亩)of the Brazilian rainforests        between August 2015 and July 2016.

2.   destroy的适当形式填空

(1)          The        earthquake ruined the city, making hundreds of thousands of people homeless.

(2)          As a result of the           of wildlife habitats, many animals have no place to live.

考点四：Survive(v):幸存；生存依靠...生活；挺过（难关）；比...活（或存在）时间长

     Survivor(n):幸存者                      survival(un):幸存   (cn):残存物

  Survive sth:幸免于某事，从某事中挺过来/活过来

     Survive from...:从...中幸存下来/留存下来

     Survive on sth:依靠...生存下来

     Survival of the fittest:适者生存

     Survive sb by+时间：比某人多活......  

例4．【单句填空】

1. Earthquakes cannot be predicted, but your chances of          (survive) are much larger if you know what to do when an earthquake strikes.
2. It was not long before a helicopter arrived at the scene to rescue those            (survive) of the plane crash.
3. My grandma passed away last year and she survived my grandpa            ten years.
4. 改错

 There were more than 80 passengers on board then, but only one boy named David survived from the plane crash.

考点五：Variety(un):多样化，变化，多变性；

(cn):（植物，语言等）变种，品种；（同一事物的）不同种类，多种式样

例5．【单句填空】

1. There are            (variety) things on sale, so you can choose whatever interests you.
2.             (vary) of solutions have been provided for us to solve the problem. We can choose one to start with.
3. A variety of his books                  (be) published in recent years.
4. 他由于种种原因辞职了。

He resigned for                                                           .

5. 番茄的价格随季节的变化而变化。

The price of tomatoes                                                      .

考点六：Freeze-froze-frozen(vi):突然停止，呆住；(v):（使）冻结，结冰；严寒，冰冻；冷冻贮藏，冷藏

       Freezer(n):冰柜，冷冻柜         

 freezing(adj):冰冻的，极冷的；     freezing point:冰点

       （adv）：极冷地            freezing cold:极冷

 Frozen(adj):冷冻的；结冰的；冻硬的；冻僵       

例6．【单句填空】

Freeze-froze-frozen(vi):突然停止，呆住；(v):（使）冻结，结冰；严寒，冰冻；冷冻贮藏，冷藏

1. 判断含义

(1)  .Some fruits freeze better than others.

(2)  .When the lake freezes, we can go skating on it.

(3)  I froze with terror as the door slowly opened.

2. The temperature remained below the              point throughout the day.
3. The father as well as his three sons goes skating on the            river every Sunday afternoon in winter.

考点七：

  Recover from...:从....中恢复过来

       Recover one’s sight:恢复视力

       Recover onself/one’s courage/sight重新获得勇气/恢复视力:镇定下来

       Make a quick/slow recovery:恢复很快/缓慢

       Make a full recovery:完全康复

例7．【单句填空】

Recover(v):复原，恢复状态；恢复健康，痊愈，康复；找回，寻回

1. I hope you can take at least one hour’s exercise each day after you recover          your illness. I wish you would be well soon.
2. This medicine is quite beneficial to your           (recover) after the operation, providing you take it as told.
3. 在医生们的帮助下，她很快痊愈了。

She made                                her illness with the help of the doctors.

She                her illness             with the help of the doctors.

考点八：

Work out:解决；思考，计划，制定出；计算（出）；成功地发展；锻炼身体

 Out of work:失业=unemployed

       At work:工作中，起作用；忙着（做某事）；

       Work on sth:努力改善/完成

       Work as:从事...工作；当...

       Work at sth:努力做，致力于......

例8．【单句填空】

1. 判断含义

(1)  We’d better discuss everything in detail before we work out a plan.

(2)  -I’m sorry things didn’t work out as planned.

   -It’s just what it’s meant to be, so let it be and let it go.

(3)  Set your alarm clock an hour early and push yourself to work out! You will feel energized all day long.

2. We have to work          how much food we’ll need for the party.
3. He has worked          the maths problem for nearly an hour but he simply can’t work it            .
4. Susan had quit her well-paid job and was working         a volunteer in the neighborhood when I visited her last year.

考点九：While I was concentrating on photographing this amazing scene, I suddenly had a feeling that I was being watched.(引导的同位语从句)

1. 判断是同位语还是定语从句

(1)  I got the news that Tom would go abroad.

(2)  The news that you heard is not true.

(3)  The suggestion that the meeting be delayed was put forward.

(4)  The suggestion that he put forward was turned down.

例9．【单句填空】

2. The manager put forward a suggestion           we should have an assistant. There is too much work to do.
3. The possibility            there is life on other planets in the universe has always inspired（激励）scientists to explore the outer space.

考点十： 为了强调且保持句子平衡，表语的形容词，副词，介词短语或分词等提前时，句子可用全部倒装。

1. 翻译句子

(1)  Among the goods are flowers, candles and toys.

(2)  Standing on the top of the mountain is an ancient towns.

例10．【单句填空】

2. A group of students are playing the violin there and in front of them           (stand) their teacher as the conductor.（指挥）
3. In the dark forests           (lie) many lakes, some large enough to hold several towns.

考点11：

It is after all we who are the visitors to their world.

        强调句型

        It is/was+被强调部分+that/who+......(is/was随从句中时态而定）

1. 按要求改写句子  He bought the book in this shop yesterday.

(1)  强调主语                                                                       

(2)  强调宾语                                                                   

(3)  强调地点状语                                                                

(4)  强调时间状语                                                                

例11．【单句填空】

2. It was only when the car pulled up in front of our house           we saw Lily in the passenger seat.
3. It was my sister             helped me out when I was in trouble.
4. Was it because Jack came late for school              Mr.Smith got angry?
5.            was not until he came back from Africa that year that he met the girl he would like to marry.

        【真题演练】

定语从句之Ⅱ（关系副词引导的定语从句）

1. Many of us love July because it’s the month           nature’s berries and stone fruits are in abundance(大量).
2. As the smallest child of his family, Ales is always longing for the time          he should be able to be independent.
3. The exact year                 Angela and her family spent together in China was 2008.
4. The real reason           prices were,and still are , too high is complex, and no short discussion can satisfactorily explain this problem.
5. Among the many dangers            sailors have to face, probably the greatest of all is fog.
6. Students should involve themselves in community activities           they can gain experience for growth.

vocabulary

NEW YORK (Reuters) — U.S. factories shrugged off weakness in the global economy in November as manufacturing activity rose to its highest level in five months, a fresh sign the ___34___ economy was accelerating.

Recent data on consumer spending and private-sector job creation has also boosted optimism on the pace of growth.

“The economy seems finally to be ___35___real momentum,” said Ian Shepherdson, an economist at High Frequency Economics in Valhalla, New York.

Also pointing to growth, automakers reported U.S. sales rose 13.9 percent in November from a year earlier, Autodata Corp said.

The Institute for Supply Management said on Thursday its index of national factory activity rose to 52.7 from 50.8 the month before, beating analysts’ expectations and showing the sector continues to ___36___.

The added momentum, also apparent in the report’s details, reduces the chances the U.S. economy will slip into a new recession, even with an expected contraction in the euro zone.

Compared to a dismal first half of the year the pace of U.S. growth more than ___37___in the third quarter to a 2 percent ___38___ rate. While that remains subpar, economists believe activity will ___39___ even stronger in the final three months of the year.

The ISM ___40___ of new orders rose to its highest level since April, and the export index also improved, although modestly.

“That should keep some momentum going,” said Sean Incremona, an economist at 4Cast in New York. “It is good to see things are not getting worse now.”

Much of the ___41___ of the world, however, is getting worse, especially in Europe where policy-makers are fighting a raging sovereign debt crisis.

       【过关检测】

A

One of my favorite posters says, “Life is a test. It is only a test. Had this been a real life, you would have been instructed where to go and what to do.” Whenever I think of this humorous bit of wisdom, it reminds me not to take my life so seriously.

When you look at life and its many challenges as a test, or series of tests, you begin to see each issue you face as an opportunity to grow, a chance to discover more about life. Whether you’re being bombarded(轰炸) with problems, responsibilities, even insurmountable(不能超越的) difficulties, when looked at as a test, you always have a chance to succeed, in the sense of rising above that which is challenging you. If, on the other hand, you see each new issue you face as a serious battle that must be won in order to survive, you’re probably in a very rocky journey. The only time you’re likely to be happy is when everything is working out just right. And we all know how often that happens.

As an experiment, see if you can apply this idea to something you are forced to deal with. Perhaps you have much pressure from your parents or you have a demanding boss. See if you can redefine the issue you face from being a “problem” to being a test. Rather than struggling with your issue, see if there is something you can learn from it. Ask yourself, “Why is this an issue in my life? What would it mean and what would be involved to rise above it? Could I possibly look at this issue any differently? Can I see it as a test of some kind?”

If you give this strategy(策略) a try you may be surprised at your changed responses. It has become far more acceptable to me to accept things as they are.

52. When you begin to consider life as a test, you will find ______.

A. you are bombarded with problems and responsibilities

B. the result of the test is so good that you are likely to be happy

C. you have many opportunities to grow

D. you have a very demanding boss

53. When you see each new issue as a serious battle, you ______.

A. will have more chances to succeed

B. are likely to become happy about life

C. will know how often it happens

D. are probably to experience a bitter life

54. According to the passage, you’d better look at life as a test when ______.

A. you try to get the meaning of the poster

B. you are struggling with your issue

C. you are carrying out an experiment

D. you are in a very rocky journey

55. According to the passage, what is the author’s attitude towards life?

A. He considers life as a test.

B He has difficulty in facing his hard life.

C. He thinks life is full of humorous wisdom.

D. He thinks life is not only a test but also a serious battle.

(B)

Welcome to travel in Nottinghamshire and experience our heartwarming service and more!

The local bus network gives access to most of the attractions or tourist destinations of Nottinghamshire, making it easy for you to enjoy all that the county has to offer.

Why not let Nottinghamshire’s buses provide you with a cheap, convenient and safe way of enjoying a day out. They even take away the worry of stopping for lunch, having a drink and then deciding who’s going to drive home, so just calm down and enjoy yourself.

Special Sunday ticket saves you money.

Nottinghamshire County Council’s Day Ranger tickets give you unlimited travel on buses right across the county every Sunday and Bank Holiday Monday and will entitle you to discounts at several visitor attractions. This means that you can save money by traveling by bus. Prices are currently:

Simply buy your ticket on the first bus you board on a Sunday and then travel wherever you want in Nottinghamshire for the rest of the day.

Finding out about getting around the county couldn’t be easier. Information on bus service is widely available at:

Bus stations

Libraries

County contact points

Tourist information centers.

Hotels

Newspaper stands

You can also visit our web site at: www. nottinghamshire.gov.uk/buses

There is also extensive information on bus travel and the attractions of the county. We provide a journey planner and access to timetables for all the bus services operating in the county as well. There are links to the individual bus operators for further information on fares and special offers.

Travel line: 0870 608 2 608

Public transport info: www.traveline.org.uk

56. What can we do according to the ad?

A. We can enjoy all of the attractions of the county by bus.

B. Day Ranger tickets can offer us unlimited bus travel across the county every day.

C. We may be able to visit some scenic spots at a fairly low price.

D. We need to purchase our tickets anytime we get on board the bus.

57. Information on bus services is available at these places EXCEPT ______.

A. visitor attractions B. tourist information centers

C. the County Council’s web site D. university libraries

58. If you ask for further information on fares of the individual bus operators, you may as well ______.

A. browse www. nottinghamshire.gov.uk/buses

B. call 0870 608 2 608

C. go to the County Council

D. refer to county contact points

（C）

For several days I (Jane Eyre) saw little of Mr. Rochester. In the morning he seemed much occupied with business, and in the afternoon gentlemen from the neighourhood called and sometimes stayed to dine with him. When his foot was well enough, he rode out a great deal.

During this time, all my knowledge of him was limited to occasional meetings about the house, when he would sometimes pass me coldly, and sometimes bow and smile. His changes of manner did not offend me, because I saw that I had nothing to do with the cause of them.

One evening, several days later, I was invited to talk to Mr. Rochester after dinner. He was sitting in his armchair, and looked not quite so severe, and much less gloomy. There was a smile on his lips, and his eyes were bright, probably with wine. As I was looking at him, he suddenly turned, and asked me, “Do you think I’m handsome, Miss Eyre?”

The answer somehow slipped from my tongue before I realized it: ‘No, sir.”

“Ah, you really are unusual! You are a quiet, serious little person, but you can be almost rude.”

“Sir, I’m sorry. I should have said that beauty doesn’t matter, or something like that,”

“No, you shouldn’t! I see, you criticize my appearance, and then you stab(刺) me in the back! You have honesty and feeling. There are not many girls like you. But perhaps I go too fast. Perhaps you have awful faults to counterbalance(抵消) your few good points.

I thought to myself that he might have too. He seemed to read my mind, and said quickly, “Yes, you’re right. I have plenty of faults. I went the wrong way when I was twenty-one, and have never found the right path again. I might have been very different. I might have been as good as you, and perhaps wiser. I am not a bad man, take my word for it, but I have done wrong. It wasn’t my character, but circumstances which were to blame. Why do I tell you all this? Because you’re the sort of person people tell their problems and secrets to, because you’re sympathetic and give them hope.”

It seemed he had quite a lot to talk to me. He didn’t seem to like to finish the talk quickly, as was the case for the first time.

“Don’t be afraid of me, Miss Eyre.” He continued. “You don’t relax or laugh very much, perhaps because of the effect Lowood school has had on you. But in time you will be more natural with me, and laugh, and speak freely. You’re like a bird in a cage. When you get out of the cage, you’ll fly very high. Good night.”

59. At the beginning Miss Eyre’s impressions of Mr. Rochester were all EXCEPT _______.

A. busy B. sociable

C. friendly D. changeable

60. Why did Mr. Rochester say “… and then you stab me in the back!” (in para. 7)?

A. Because Jane had intended to kill him with a knife.

B. Because Jane had intended to be more critical.

C. Because Jane had regretted having talked to him.

D. Because Jane had said something else to correct herself.

61. From what Mr. Rochester told Miss Eyre, we can conclude that he wanted to _______.

A. tell her all his troubles B. tell her his life experience

C. change her opinion of him D. change his circumstances

62. At the end of the passage, Mr. Rochester sounded _______.

A. rude B. cold

C. friendly D. encouraging