高考英语概要写作专项模拟训练

这是一份高考英语概要写作专项模拟训练，共9页。试卷主要包含了Directins等内容，欢迎下载使用。
Zs are hugely ppular attractins fr adults and children alike. But are they a gd thing?
Critics f zs wuld argue that animals ften suffer physically and mentally as a result f being caged. Even the best artificial envirnments can’t match the space, diversity and freedm that animals have in their natural habitats. This deprivatin causes many z animals t becme stressed r mentally ill. It is cmmn that marine parks ften frce dlphins and whales t perfrm tricks. These mammals may die decades earlier than their wild relatives, and sme may try t cmmit suicide.
On the ther hand, by bringing peple and animals tgether, zs have the ptential t educate the public abut cnservatin issues and inspire peple t prtect animals and their habitats. Zs als carry ut imprtant research int subjects like animal behavir and hw t treat illness. One f the mst imprtant mdern functins f zs is supprting internatinal breeding prgrams, especially thse fr endangered species. A gd z will enable these species t live and breed in a secure envirnment. Furthermre, as the number f sme wild species drps, there is an increasing danger f ppulatins becming t genetically similar. Z-bred animals can be released int the wild t increase genetic diversity.
Hwever, ppnents f zs say that the vast majrity f breeding prgrams d nt release animals back int the wild. Extra animals are sld nt nly t ther zs and circuses but als t hunting ranches in the US r Suth Africa, where sme peple are willing t pay a lt f mney fr the chance t kill an animal in a fenced enclsure.
范文：
There are advantages and disadvantages f zs. Fr ne thing, caging animals causes them physical and mental suffering due t limited space, deprived freedm and frced perfrmance. Sme are even sld t be hunted. Fr anther, zs serve educatinal and research purpses. Breeding prgrams in zs als help t prtect endangered animals and increase their genetic diversity. (57 wrds)
解析：
1、写之前，需要认真仔细地读几遍原文材料，让理解更深刻。
2、遵循原文的逻辑顺序，对重要部分的主题、标题、细节进行概括，全面清晰地表明原文信息。
3、给摘要起一个好标题，比如：可以采用文中的主题句。
4、尽量使用自己的话完成，不要引用原文的句子，篇幅控制在原文的三分之一或四分之一长。
二、Directins: Read the fllwing three passages. Summarize the main idea and the main pint（s） f the passage in n mre than 60 wrds. Use yur wn wrds as far as pssible.
Ann Grand: a visual thinker
Ann Grand is a visual thinker. When smebdy speaks t her, the wrds are instantly translated int pictures. like a vide in her head. Unlike mst peple, her thughts mve frm ide-like images t generalizatins and cncepts. Furthermre, her memries usually appear in her imaginatin in rder f time. and the image visualized are always specific. Fr example. if she thinks abut a chimney, she sees detailed pictures. like the ne in her ld huse. and then thse in her hmetwn. That ne wrd can turn int a full-length vide in her head. Grand's mind wrks like the Internet search engine which prduces dzens f images f an bject a user is searching fr.
Visual thinking has enabled Grand t build entire systems in her imaginatin, which wrks similarly t a cmputer prgram because it can prduce three-dimensinal design simulatins. This was imprtant t her as an equipment designer fr the livestck industry. Befre she started cnstructin n her designs, she wuld test-run the equipment in her mind. She frmed mental pictures f her designs in every pssible situatin, with different sizes and breeds f cattle and in different weather cnditins. This prcess made it pssible fr her t crrect mistakes befre cnstructin started.
Grand's mind is als sensitive t details, which was imprtant in her wrk with cattle. Her sharp awareness f the visual wrld led t ntewrthy bservatins abut animals. She nticed many little things that mst peple wuld nt cnsider that scared the cattle. Fr example, a cat n a fence r a pipe n the flr wuld frighten them away. Grand's visualizatin abilities have als helped her understand the animals she has wrked with. This led her t create designs ranging frm sweeping, curved fences intended t reduce the stress experienced by animals that were ging t be killed t systems fr handling sick cattle and pigs.
范文：
Ann Grand is a visual thinker，whse mind wrks like the Internet search engine. Therefre she can build entire systems in her imaginatin thrugh prducing three-dimensinal design simulatins. Grand's mind is s sensitive t details that she culd ntice many little things that mst peple wuld nt cnsider that scared the cattle. This led her t create kinds f designs.
解析：
1 要点摘录
①Ann Grand is a visual thinker. Grand's mind wrks like the Internet search engine which prduces dzens f images f an bject a user is searching fr.
②Visual thinking has enabled Grand t build entire systems in her imaginatin, which wrks similarly t a cmputer prgram because it can prduce three-dimensinal design simulatins.
③Grand's mind is als sensitive t details, which was imprtant in her wrk with cattle. This led her t create kinds f designs.
2.缜密构思将第1、2两个要点进行重组，将第3段要点进行整合。
3.遣词造句
Ann Grand is a visual thinker，whse mind wrks like the Internet search engine. Therefre she can build entire systems in her imaginatin thrugh prducing three-dimensinal design simulatins.
Grand's mind is s sensitive t details that she culd ntice many little things that mst peple wuld nt cnsider that scared the cattle.
三、Directins: Read the fllwing passage. Summarize the main idea and the main pints f the passage in n mre than 60 wrds. Use yur wn wrds as far as pssible.
Life in the Clear
Transparent animals let light pass thrugh their bdies the same way light passes thrugh a windw. These animals typically live between the surface f the cean and a depth f abut 3,300 feet-as far as mst light can reach. Mst f them are extremely delicate and can be damaged by a simple tuch. Snke Jhnsen, a scientist in bilgy, says, “These animals live thrugh their life alne. They never tuch anything unless they’re eating it, r unless smething is eating them.”
And they are as clear as glass. Hw des an animal becme see-thrugh? Ifs trickier than yu might think.
The bjects arund yu are visible because they interact with light. Light typically travels in a straight line. But sme materials slw and scalier(散射) light buncing it away frm its riginal path. Others absrb light, stpping it dead in its tracks. Bth scattering and absrptin make a.n bject lk different frm ther bjects arund it, s yu can see it easily.
But a transparent bject desn't absrb r scatter light, at least nt very much. Light can pass thrugh it withut bending r stpping. That means a transparent bject desn't lk very different frm the surrunding air r water. Yu dn't see it- yu see the things behind it.
T becme transparent, an animal needs t keep its bdy frm absrbing r scattering light. Living materials can stp light because they cntain pigments(色素) that absrb specific clrs f light. But a transparent animal desn’t have pigments, s its tissues wn’t absrb light. Accrding t Jhnsen, aviding absrptin is actually easy. The real challenge is preventing light frm scattering.
Animals are built f many different materials—skin, fat, and mre—and light mves thrugh each at a different speed. Every time light mves int a material with a new speed, it bends and scatters. Transparent animals use different tricks t fight scattering. Sme animals are simply very small r extremely flat. Withut much tissue t scatter light, it is easier t be see-thrugh. Others build a large, clear mass f nn-living jelly-like(果冻状的) material and spread themselves ver it.
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范文：
Transparent animals, which typically live in the cean, let light pass thrugh their bdies. Hw des an animal becme see-thrugh? It desn’t absrb r scatter light that can pass thrugh it withut bending r stpping and it desn’t have pigments, s its tissues wn’t absrb light. Withut much tissue t scatter light, it is easier t be see-thrugh.
解析：
1 要点摘录
①Transparent animals let light pass thrugh their bdies the same way light passes thrugh a windw. These animals typically live between the surface f the cean and a depth f abut 3,300 feet-as far as mst light can reach.
②Hw des an animal becme see-thrugh?
③But a transparent bject desn’t absrb r scatter light, at least nt very much. Light can pass thrugh it withut bending r stpping.
④But a transparent animal desn’t have pigments, s its tissues wn’ t absrb light.
⑤Withut much tissue t scatter light, it is easier t be see-thrugh.
2.缜密构思:将第1个要点高度概括，将第2个要点直接表述，将第3、4、两个要点进行整合概括，将第5个要点直接表述。
3.遣词造句 Transparent animals, which typically live in the cean, let light pass thrugh their bdies. Hw des an animal becme see-thrugh? It desn’t absrb r scatter light that can pass thrugh it withut bending r stpping and it desn’t have pigments, s its tissues wn’t absrb light.
四、Directins：Read the fllwing three passages. Summarize the main idea and the main pint(s) f the passage in n mre than 60 wrds. Use yur wn wrds as far as pssible.
A Shift Frm Classrm t Career
Fr all the years spent in schl preparing t enter the wrkplace, many recent graduates say that they struggle with the shift frm classrm t career wrld and have difficulty adjusting t life n the jb.
Writer and editr Jseph Lewis believes that mst f ur schl experiences are fairly predictable, while life in the wrking wrld is far mre uncertain. In schl, fr example, the pattern stays mre r less the same frm year t year. In the wrkplace, hwever, cnstant change is the nrm, and ne has t adapt quickly.
Anther prblem is that in schl, many students spend a lt f time memrizing facts and repeating what they "learned" n tests. But in the wrkplace emplyees “are ften expected t think critically and make decisins abut their wrk, nt just fllw a supervisr's instructins." Less time needs t be spent in schl n testing, says ne recent reprt, and mre n helping students t analyze infrmatin, slve prblems, and cmmunicate their ideas effectively.
Finally, in the wrkplace, emplyees must regularly interact with thers and are ften dependent n their c-wrkers fr their success. In ther wrds, if an emplyee has t wrk with thers t cmplete a given prject, that emplyee's success nt nly depends n his hard wrk and expertise, but als n hw well his clleagues perfrm.
Hw can we better prepare yung adults fr the wrkplace?It is suggested that students shuld d an internship while they are in schl. Vlunteering part time at a cmpany, hspital r gvernment rganizatin, fr example, can help them gain experience and learn skills. Ding these will help prepare students fr the realities f the wrkplace and make the transitin frm schl t career wrld less stressful.
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范文：
Many cllege graduates find it hard t adapt t life in the wrkplace. First, wrkplace circumstances are cnstantly changing and mre uncertain. Besides, they are ften required t think critically and make wn decisins t slve prblems. Finally, they have t interact and cperate with wrkmates t achieve success. Students are advised t d mre vlunteering wrk t deal with this transitin.
解析：
本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍说，许多大学毕业生发现很难适应职场生活。 首先，工作环境是不断变化的，更不确定； 此外，他们经常被要求批判性地思考，并做出自己的决定来解决问题； 最后，他们必须与同事互动和合作来获得成功。 最近建议学生做更多的志愿工作来应对这种转变。
1 要点摘录
①Fr all the years spent in schl preparing t enter the wrkplace, many recent graduates say that they struggle with the shift frm classrm t career wrld and have difficulty adjusting t life n the jb.
②Writer and editr Jseph Lewis believes that mst f ur schl experiences are fairly predictable, while life in the wrking wrld is far mre uncertain.
③Anther prblem is that in schl, many students spend a lt f time memrizing facts and repeating what they “learned" n tests. But in the wrkplace emplyees “are ften expected t think critically and make decisins abut their wrk, nt just fllw a supervisr's instructins."
④Finally, in the wrkplace, emplyees must regularly interact with thers and are ften dependent n their c-wrkers fr their success.
⑤It is suggested that students shuld d an internship while they are in schl. Vlunteering part time at a cmpany, hspital r gvernment rganizatin, fr example, can help them gain experience and learn skills.
2.缜密构思 将第1个要点进行重组作为总说，将第2、3、4三个要点分别重组作为分说，将第5个要点重组作为建议和结语。
3.遣词造句
Many cllege graduates find it hard t adapt t life in the wrkplace.
First, wrkplace circumstances are cnstantly changing and mre uncertain.
Besides, they are ften required t think critically and make wn decisins t slve prblems.
Finally, they have t interact and cperate with wrkmates t achieve success.
Students are advised t d mre vlunteering wrk t deal with this transitin.
五、Directins：Read the fllwing passage.Summarize the main idea and the main pint（s）f the passage in n mre than 60 wrds.Use yur wn wrds as far as pssible.
Read the wrld in 193 bks
I used t think f myself as a persn learned in bks，but my bkshelves tld a different stry. Apart frm a few Indian nvels and an Australian bk，my literature cllectin nly cnsisted f British and American titles. Wrse still，I hardly ever read anything in translatin. My reading is limited t stries by English-speaking authrs.
S，at the start f 2020，I set myself the challenge f trying t read a bk frm every cuntry f all 193 UN-recgnized states in a year. I created a blg called A Year f Reading the Wrld and put ut an appeal fr suggestins f titles that I culd read in English. The respnse was amazing. Befre I knew it，peple all ver the planet were getting in tuch with ideas and ffers f help. Sme psted me bks frm their hme cuntries.Others did hurs f research n my behalf. In additin，several writers，like Turkmenistan's AkWelsapar and Panama's Juan David Mrgan，sent me unpublished translatins f their nvels，giving me a rare pprtunity t read wrks unavailable in Britain. Even with such an extrardinary team behind me，hwever，surcing bks was n easy task.
But the effrt was wrth it. As I made my way thrugh the planet's literary landscapes，extrardinary things started t happen. Far frm simply armchair travelling，I fund I was inhabiting the mental space f the strytellers. I discvered，bk packing ffered smething that a physical traveler culd hpe t experience nly rarely: it tk me inside the thughts f individuals living far away and shwed me the wrld thrugh their eyes. Mre pwerful than a thusand news reprts，these stries nt nly pened my mind t basic infrmatin f life in ther places，but pened my heart t the way peple there might feel. And that in turn changed my thinking.
One by ne, the bks frm the cuntries n the list that had begun as an intellectual exercise filled my heart with laughter，lve，anger，hpe and fear. Lands that had nce seemed extic and remte became clse and familiar t me. At its best，I learned, fictin makes the wrld real.
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范文：
The authr’s literature cllectin was limited t stries frm English-speaking authrs, s in 2020 he stated t read 193 bks frm every UN-recgnized cuntry. He created a blg and many peple helped him surce the bk. Thrugh the prcess, he pened his mind and heart and changed his wn thinking. The nce extic wrld became familiar and clse t him.
解析：
1.要点摘录
（1）Apart frm a few Indian nvels and an Australian bk，my literature cllectin nly cnsisted f British and American titles.
（2）S，at the start f 2020，I set myself the challenge f trying t read a bk frm every cuntry f all 193 UN-recgnized states in a year.
（3）Befre I knew it，peple all ver the planet were getting in tuch with ideas and ffers f help.
（4）I discvered，bk packing ffered smething that a physical traveler culd hpe t experience nly rarely: it tk me inside the thughts f individuals living far away and shwed me the wrld thrugh their eyes.
（5）Lands that had nce seemed extic and remte became clse and familiar t me.
2.缜密构思：本文是记叙文，按照要点摘录里的（1）、（2）、（3）、（4）、（5）条顺序摘写即可
3.遣词造句
S，at the start f 2020，I wuld like t challenge myself t try t read a bk frm every cuntry f all 193 UN-recgnized states in a year.
As I wander arund in the planet's literary landscapes，extrardinary things started t happen.