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上海高考英语专题复习完形填空
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这是一份上海高考英语专题复习完形填空，共30页。
完形填空
Some fifteen years ago, when smartphone apps were new and few truly understood their potentials, retailers (零售商) barely knew that consumers could browse in stores while comparing prices and __1__ from other item providers through certain apps before __2__ making the purchase online. Ten years ago, brick-and-mortar (实体店) retailers had to acknowledge that showrooming existed and appeared to be a threat. That’s the year when retailers were up in arms as online giant Amazon released an “evil” promotion that encouraged consumers to visit __3__ stores and use Amazon’s Price Check app at the same time. Any purchase completed through the app was given __4__ discounts, which significantly stimulated sales and __5__ many shop owners to the edge of bankruptcy.
From the point on, retailers began launching strategies to combat showrooming including releasing __6__ items for sale so that no reference prices from other sources are available for comparison.
“Media have reported showrooming as a big threat to physical stores,” says Casey Carl, a retailer. “However, less __7__ is the fact that it is also the greatest opportunity for us.” Retailers need to accept that the act of showrooming is not illegal and any sensible buyer tends to __8__ prices. As there’s nothing you can do about it, you might as well offer conveniences like in-store internet access to __9__ these consumers. With caring services combined with acceptable prices, the store might actually improve the likelihood for consumers to close the deal __10__.
And a showrooming study indicates that it’s wise for retailers to limit the item price to at most 5 dollars higher than what online stores charge. After all, for the majority of consumers, getting the absolute lowest price is not their __11__. Many of them, instead, are willing to pay __12__ in exchange for favourable shopping experiences, such as the pleasant store atmosphere, agreeable staff attitudes or even the merry music played, with a reasonable price __13__, of course.
Besides, adopting a strategy of __14__ channels is also essential. With many sale channels under control, retailers are sure to have access to the lowest price possible for an item. Therefore, when a customer pulls out a mobile device in store, retailers can be spared the __15__ that was unavoidable for them some ten years ago.
1．A．reviews B．locations C．rehearsals D．similarities
2．A．genuinely B．generously C．particularly D．finally
3．A．domestic B．physical C．imaginary D．parallel
4．A．superior B．compulsory C．routine D．rewarding
5．A．cornered B．messed C．overlooked D．refunded
6．A．exclusive B．alternative C．renewed D．seasonal
7．A．criticized B．publicized C．exploited D．executed
8．A．pursue B．neglect C．question D．compare
9．A．assist B．prohibit C．monitor D．expose
10．A．out of stock B．on the spot C．within reach D．at random
11．A．reputation B．greed C．priority D．devotion
12．A．attention B．deposit C．honor D．extra
13．A．disorder B．gap C．split D．deadline
14．A．accessible B．multiple C．loyal D．concrete
15．A．suspicion B．effort C．panic D．guilt
Thieving Monkeys — Name Your Price
Human beings are not the only species able to negotiate a deal.
If you visit Uluwatu temple in Bali, be careful. The long-tailed macaques (猕猴) there are well-known thieves. They make a living by ____16____ visitors of their possessions and then holding those objects until a payment in the form of food is paid. That is quite clever. But professor Jean-Baptiste Leca wondered whether these monkeys are cleverer still. Sometimes, they do not accept the first ____17____ and hold out for more. He therefore asked himself whether macaques are able to ____18____ how valuable an object is to its owner, and factor that into their negotiations.
Professor Leca and his colleagues conducted their experiment by wandering around the temple with video cameras, recording the activities of the monkeys. Every time they saw a monkey show interest in a ____19____ tourist, they recorded the interaction. Not all attempts at robbery were successful. But of those that were, they analysed the ____20____ of almost 2,200.
To work out what was going on, they had first to establish the ____21____ values of food rewards to monkeys, and of stealable objects to people. The temple staff keep three sorts of reward available for use in negotiations ____22____ tourists who want to get their property back: raw eggs, biscuits and small bags of fruit. Different monkeys have different ____23____, but professor Leca established these for ____24____ animals by offering them choices between pairs of treats in an initial experiment.
To confirm which stealable objects are most _____25_____ by people, they divided them into six classes: empty containers, such as phone cases and camera bags; accessories such as key rings; hats and headgear; shoes; spectacles and sunglasses; and electronics and wallets. They then observed, from the video recordings, how often victims _____26_____ to bargain with the thief for the return of property belonging to different classes, and _____27_____ classified objects into low value (the first two classes on the list), medium value (the second two) and high value (the third two).
They found that monkeys do have a good sense of what they are doing — _____28_____, adults and sub-adults do. These animals have a preference for stealing high-value items, and will often hold out either for more rewards, or for better ones, if they are in possession of such items. But this is something that they have to learn how to do as they grow up. Young ones make no such _____29_____, and sub-adults are less good at doing so than adults.
In monkeys, as in people, guile（狡猾）is not a trick that is inborn. It has to be _____30_____.
16．A．warning B．robbing C．reminding D．clearing
17．A．deposit B．dish C．offer D．prey
18．A．assign B．assist C．assure D．assess
19．A．particular B．principal C．peculiar D．progressive
20．A．impacts B．details C．attacks D．motions
21．A．precise B．scientific C．optional D．relative
22．A．in spite of B．in honor of C．with regard to D．on behalf of
23．A．preferences B．potentials C．performances D．predictions
24．A．individual B．independent C．collective D．cooperative
25．A．identified B．valued C．exchanged D．rewarded
26．A．refused B．managed C．bothered D．happened
27．A．instead B．otherwise C．thus D．meanwhile
28．A．in practice B．at least C．in all D．at length
29．A．differences B．distinctions C．distributions D．demands
30．A．acquired B．reversed C．managed D．informed
Many things happen when people are ageing. Apart from the greying hair and wrinkled skin, there is a(n) ___31___ change which comes with older age. When humans reach their later years, they favour more long-term ___32___ and their social cirele is reduced.
Now, for what appears to be the first time, scientists have seen the same ___33___ in another species. Twenty years of observations of chimpanzees (猩猩) reveal that older males choose to keep contact with their ___34___ friends at the expense of other relationships.
The researchers studied 78,000 hours of observations made between 1996 and 2016 that followed the social ___35___ of 21 male chimpanzees between the ages of 15 and 58 years old. They classified the chimps' ___36___ depending on the amount of time they sat with others and groomed (梳毛) them. They then rated (分类) the various pairings as mutual (相互的) friendships, where both chimps seemed to enjoy the relationship; ___37___ friendships, where one chimp was more keen to be friends than the other; and non-friendships, where neither chimp showed ___38___ the other.
When the scientists looked at the ___39___ of friendships, they found that the older chimps had more mutual friendships and fewer one-sided friendships than younger chimps. Another _____40_____ seen in older humans was also spotted in the chimps. As the males got older, their levels of _____41_____ gradually become less, meaning they started fewer fights and tended to threaten others in their group less often.
The observations have left the researchers _____42_____. According to an idea in psychology known as socio-emotional selectivity theory, older humans prefer more _____43_____ relationships because they are aware that time is running out. However many animal experts argue that chimpanzees _____44_____ the human sense of mortality (死亡) , suggesting something else is driving the behaviour.
Robin Dunbar, a professor of evolutionary psychology at the University of Oxford, said in humans, the _____45_____ social circles with age is due to declining social motivation to get out and meet people combined by lack of opportunity. In chimpanzees, as older males compete less for mates, they may focus on close, reciprocal (互惠的) relationships with trusted partners, he said.
31．A．physical B．intellectual C．emotional D．functional
32．A．habits B．friends C．tasks D．ideas
33．A．problem B．obstacle C．struggle D．behaviour
34．A．established B．respective C．experienced D．thoughtful
35．A．skills B．reputations C．interactions D．positions
36．A．intelligence B．relationships C．popularity D．performances
37．A．easy-going B．warm-hearted C．self-relying D．one-sided
38．A．respect for B．courage to C．interest in D．loyalty to
39．A．patterns B．importance C．meanings D．development
40．A．instinct B．disadvantage C．feature D．belief
41．A．responsibility B．aggression C．reliability D．advancement
42．A．delighted B．amused C．relived D．puzzled
43．A．unknown B．positive C．insecure D．senseless
44．A．lack B．obtain C．imitate D．abandon
45．A．absence from B．isolation from C．decrease in D．distinction in
Certainty：Over-rated and Over-rewarded
Type the words “kind of” or “perhaps” into an email in Microsoft Outlook and the program might well tell you to think again. If the Al-powered “Microsoft Editor” judges that you are not sounding ____46____ enough, it will soon give you a word of warning：“Words expressing uncertainty will ____47____ your impact.”
To me, this suggestion precisely expresses something we’ve got wrong in society. We live in a world that ____48____ those who speak with confidence-even when that is misplaced-and gives very little opportunity to perform to those who ____49____ doubt. “We tend to listen to those experts who tell us a simple, clear and confident story. Why? Because that’s ____50____ satisfying,” says Dan Gardner, author of Future Babble, “That’s saying let me sweep away the uncertainty for you’.”
Research shows that the human brain is “programmed” to hate ____51____：a 2016 study found that when volunteers were given electric shocks, their stress levels were highest when they had no idea whether they were going to be given a shock-higher even than subjects who were told they would ____52____ get one.
We should first know that while confident-sounding experts might be giving us what our brains desire, the ____53____ they are providing is probably false. Psychologist Philip Tetlock divided up forecasters into “foxes” and “hedgehogs”. Foxes consider all sorts of different approaches sand perspectives, and combine those into distinct conclusions. ____54____, hedgehogs tend to view the world through the lens of one single defining idea. That makes the hedgehogs _____55_____ forecasters but more likely to get attention.
Perhaps we care less about the truth and more about enjoying some sense of _____56_____ however short-lived that might be. But wouldn’t it be better if we held experts to account? Mr. Gardner suggests tagging speakers with some kind of record of previous _____57_____ much as we are given performance statistics for racehorses or baseball players.
Highly confident statements also _____58_____ polarization（两极化）, encouraging others to respond in the same kind of language when they disagree. “There’s a natural tendency to push back with equal amounts of _____59_____ says Daniel Drezner, a political scientist.
Is it time to give a bit more attention to the _____60_____? Full of certainty on the need to stop paying so much attention to those expressing certainty, I say yes.
46．A．timid B．reasonable C．decisive D．mature
47．A．assess B．reverse C．enhance D．lessen
48．A．rewards B．relaxes C．confuses D．weakens
49．A．eliminate B．acknowledge C．emphasize D．conceal
50．A．physically B．psychologically C．politically D．professionally
51．A．uncertainty B．confidence C．dishonesty D．stress
52．A．readily B．fortunately C．definitely D．probably
53．A．desire B．depression C．shock D．relief
54．A．For instance B．In addition C．Even so D．In contrast
55．A．funnier B．worse C．less confident D．more reliable
56．A．achievement B．responsibility C．security D．justice
57．A．approaches B．attention C．predictions D．significance
58．A．prohibit B．promote C．sacrifice D．separate
59．A．firmness B．encouragement C．carefulness D．statement
60．A．foxes B．hedgehogs C．forecasters D．scientists
A Need to Close the Digital Gender Gap
One of the most efficient ways to promote peace and jump-start flagging economies is to empower girls and invest in their education. Today, girls’ lack of access to basic education is ___61___when it comes to the use of digital technology, leaving them far behind boys. And because the world is ever more digital, those who lack basic Internet skills will find it____62____difficult to participate in the formal economy, to obtain a quality education, to___63___health care, information and psychosocial support, and to have their voices heard.
Since 2013 the global gender gap in male and female access to the Internet has actually increased from 11 to 12 percent. ____64____yet, women and girls living in the poorest countries are 31 percent less____65____than men and boys to have access to the Internet. In developing countries, some 200 million fewer women than men own a mobile phone, the most common means of Internet access there. This digital____66____is increasing, and should it continue at the present pace, it is predicted that over 75 percent of women and girls will lack Internet access and ____67____skills.
There are many causes for the digital gender gap. They include girls’ obvious _____68_____from basic education, from specific technology education and design, high costs of both_____69_____and Internet access, scarcity of content relevant for women and girls, and socio-cultural biases and______70______, such as barriers to women speaking freely and privately both online and offline. Indeed, one of the most insidious (隐伏的) reasons why girls may be______71______from learning how to access and use digital technology is also a groundless one: that girls are simply not good at using technology. The United Nations has announced that human rights online are human rights offline. These stereotypes reinforce harmful norms that keep women and girls from enjoying their human rights.
According to the International Institute for Sustainable Development, an independent, non-profit and non-governmental research organization, the gender digital gap is a major_____72_____to women’s economic empowerment and participation in the economy. _____73_____a major increase of policy effort and investment, most of the benefits of technological change will be enjoyed only by men, worsening gender inequality. This also results in______74______economic growth and innovation that is possible only when men and women have equal access to technology and the economy.
In the words of USAID Senior Gender Coordinator Michelle Bekkering, “A girl’s future should be_____75_____not by her sex, but by her commitment to hard work and ability to access the resources she needs to succeed.”
61．A．improved B．eliminated C．worsened D．resulted
62．A．considerately B．increasingly C．only D．technically
63．A．access B．approach C．evaluate D．promote
64．A．However B．Worse C．And D．Strangely
65．A．possible B．probable C．likely D．feasible
66．A．gap B．difference C．data D．shortage
67．A．digital B．technical C．mathematical D．practical
68．A．restriction B．exclusion C．independence D．division
69．A．implements B．devices C．products D．experts
70．A．research B．criticism C．discrimination D．distinction
71．A．encouraged B．prevented C．denied D．disappointed
72．A．deadlock B．concern C．prevention D．barrier
73．A．With B．Without C．Through D．Despite
74．A．faint B．lost C．missed D．rapid
75．A．defined B．confined C．designed D．outlined
Boxing is a popular sport that many people seem to be fascinated by. Newspapers, magazines and sports programmes on TV frequently ____76____ boxing matches. Professional boxers earn a lot of money, and successful boxers are ____77____ as big heroes.
It seems to me that some people, especially men, find it ____78____ because it is an aggressive sport. When they watch a boxing match, they can ____79____ the winning boxer, and this gives them the feeling of being a ____80____ themselves. It is a fact that many people have feelings of aggression from time to time, but they cannot show their ____81____ in their everyday lives. Watching a boxing match gives them an outlet for this aggression.
However, there is a ____82____ side to boxing. It can be a very dangerous sport. Although boxers wear gloves during the fights, and amateur boxers ____83____ have to wear helmets, there have frequently been accidents in both professional and amateur boxing, sometimes with ____84____ consequences. Boxers have suffered from head injuries, and occasionally, fighters have even been killed as a result of being knocked out in the ____85____. Furthermore, studies have shown that there are often long-term effects of boxing, in the form of serious brain ____86____, even if a boxer has never been knocked out.
I am personally not at all in ____87____ of aggressive sports like boxing. I think it would be better if less time was ____88____ to aggressive sports on TV, and we welcomed more men and women from non-aggressive sports as our heroes and heroines in our society. I believe that the world is aggressive enough already! Of course, people like ____89____ sports, and so do I, but I think that ____90____ other people in an aggressive way is not something that should be regarded as a sport.
76．A．broadcast B．cover C．host D．design
77．A．kept B．individualized C．thought D．treated
78．A．appealing B．subjective C．violent D．challenging
79．A．pick up B．believe in C．identify with D．long for
80．A．winner B．spectator C．inspector D．trainer
81．A．ambition B．aggression C．energy D．strength
82．A．positive B．indifferent C．deadly D．negative
83．A．otherwise B．somehow C．even D．barely
84．A．dramatic B．eye-catching C．emotional D．special
85．A．court B．ring C．pitch D．yard
86．A．loss B．drain C．damage D．disorder
87．A．favour B．process C．charge D．power
88．A．shifted B．transformed C．given D．delivered
89．A．competitive B．quiet C．cooperative D．regular
90．A．invading B．insulting C．teasing D．Hitting
参考答案：
1．A
2．D
3．B
4．D
5．A
6．A
7．B
8．D
9．A
10．B
11．C
12．D
13．B
14．B
15．C
【解析】
【分析】
这是一篇说明文。文章通过介绍网络巨头亚马逊引入手机应用。实现了网络购物，进而提到手机应用程序的发展给顾客带来的好处，和给零售商们带来的挑战，以及零售商们如何面对和利用该挑战。
【详解】
1. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：大约15年前，那时智能手机应用程序还很新，很少有人真正了解它们的潜力，零售商几乎不知道消费者可以通过某些应用程序浏览商店，比较其他商品供应商的价格和评论，然后最终在网上购买。A.reviews 评论；B.locations 位置；C.rehearsals 排练；D.similarities相似性。根据前文“comparing prices ”和后文“from other item providers through certain apps”可知，此处指通过某些应用软件来比较其它商家提供的产品的价格和其他消费者的评论。故选A。
2. 考查副词词义辨析。句意同上。A.genuinely真正地；B.generously慷慨地；C.particularly 尤其地，特别地；D.finally最后。根据前文“...before”和后文“making the purchase online”可知此处指之前通过比价和看评论，最终从网上购买。故选D。
3. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：那一年，零售商们对网络巨头亚马逊发布的一个“邪恶”促销活动表示强烈抗议，该活动鼓励消费者去实体店购物，同时使用亚马逊的价格查询应用程序。A.domestic国内的；B.physical 实物的，实体的；C.imaginary 想象的；D.parallel平行的。根据前文“encouraged consumers to visit”和后文“use Amazon’s Price Check app at the same time”，结合本句中的“ online giant Amazon”，可知，相对于网络巨头亚马逊而言，此处指让顾客使用价格查询应用程序来和实体店的价格进行比价。故选B。
4. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：通过该应用程序完成的任何购买都会获得奖励折扣，这极大地刺激了销售，并将许多店主逼到了破产的边缘。A.superior 优越的，优良的；B.compulsory强制的，强迫的； C.routine日常的，例行的；D.rewarding有报酬的，值得的。根据下文的“ which significantly stimulated sales ”可知，该活动刺激了销售，由此推知通过这个应用程序完成的购买都会有奖励的折扣。故选D。
5. 考查动词词义辨析。句意同上。A.cornered 把......逼入困境；B.messed使混乱； C.overlooked 俯视，忽视；D.refunded退款。根据下文“many shop owners to the edge of bankruptcy”可知此处指许多店主被逼入困境，接近到破产边缘。故选A。
6. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：从那一刻起，零售商开始采取策略来打击展厅销售，包括发布独家商品出售，以便没有其他来源的参考价格可供比较。A.exclusive排他的，专有的； B.alternative可供替换的； C.renewed更新的； D.seasonal季节性的。根据下文“no reference prices from other sources are available for comparison”可知，此处指没有可用于比较的其它来源的参考价格，即这个产品是独有的，专有的。故选A。
7. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：“然而，较少公开的事实是，这也是我们最大的机会。”A.criticized批评的； B.publicized 公开的；C.exploited 被开发的；D.executed已执行的，已生效的。根据上文“Media have reported showrooming as a big threat to physical stores”结合however表示转折，可知人们都认为展示销售给给实体商店带来威胁，但鲜为人知的是这其实也是实体店的机会。故选B。
8. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：零售商需要接受这样一个事实，那就是展厅的举动并不违法，任何明智的买家都倾向于比较价格。A.pursue购买；B.neglect 忽略；C.question询问； D.compare比较。根据上文“ no reference prices from other sources are available for comparison.”可知，此处指理智的购买者都会倾向于比较价格。故选D。
9. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：既然你对此无能为力，你不妨提供店内网络连接等便利，来帮助这些消费者。A.assist帮助；B.prohibit禁止；C.monitor监督；D.expose暴露。根据上文“ you might as well offer conveniences like in-store internet access ”可知此处指提供店内的网络连接来帮助消费者进行价格比较，故选A。
10. 考查短语辨析。句意：通过关怀服务和可接受的价格，商店实际上可能会提高消费者当场成交的可能性。A.out of stock缺货；B.on the spot在现场；C.within reach触手可及；D.at random随机的。根据上文“you might as well offer conveniences...to 9 these consumers ”及“the store might actually improve the likelihood for consumers to close the deal”可知，此处指商店如果做好了服务，可以提高了现场成交的可能性。故选B。
11. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：毕竟，对于大多数消费者来说，获得绝对最低的价格并不是他们的优先考虑的事。A.reputation 名声，声誉；B.greed贪婪，贪欲； C.priority优先权，优先考虑的事；D.devotion奉献。根据下文“Many of them, instead, are willing to pay 12 in exchange for favourable shopping experiences, ”可知，很多消费者在乎的是购物的体验，而获取最低的价格并不是他们优先考虑的事。故选C。
12. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：相反，他们中的许多人愿意支付额外费用，以换取良好的购物体验，例如愉快的店铺气氛、令人愉快的员工态度，甚至是欢快的音乐，当然，价格差距也是合理的。A.attention注意力； B.deposit 押金；C.honor荣耀； D.extra额外的东西（指金钱）。根据下文“in exchange for favourable shopping experiences, ”可知，此处指顾客们愿意为良好的购物体验支付额外的费用。故选D。
13. 考查名词词义辨析。句意同上。A.disorder 无秩序，混乱；B.gap 间隙，差距；C.split劈开，裂口；D.deadline截止时间，最后期限。根据前文“it’s wise for retailers to limit the item price to at most 5 dollars higher than what online stores charge”可知，此处指合理的价格差距。故选B。
14. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：此外，采取多渠道的策略也很重要。A.accessible可达到的，易取得的；B.multiple 复合的，多样的；C.loyal 忠实的；D.concrete具体的。根据下文“With many sale channels under control”可知，此处指采用多渠道的策略很重要。故选B。
15. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：因此，当顾客在商店里拿出移动设备时，零售商可以避免10年前不可避免的恐慌。A.suspicion 怀疑；B.effort努力；C.panic恐慌；D.guilt内疚。结合上文内容可知，以前展示销售几乎把零售商逼到破产的边缘，再根据下文“that was unavoidable for them some ten years ago”可知此处指零售商可以避免10年前不可避免的恐慌，即被逼到破产边缘。故选C。
16．B
17．C
18．D
19．A
20．B
21．D
22．D
23．A
24．A
25．B
26．C
27．C
28．B
29．B
30．A
【解析】
【分析】
这是一篇说明文。文章援引研究发现，成年猴子的偷窃行为和与受害者的讨价还价并获得高回报的行为是后天习得的。
16．
考查动词词义辨析。句意：他们以抢劫来访者的财物为生，然后持有这些物品，直到r人们以食物的形式支付报酬。A. warning警告；B. robbing抢劫；C. reminding提醒；D. clearing清理。根据前文“The long-tailed macaques (猕猴) there are well-known thieves.”以及后文“Not all attempts at robbery were successful.”可知，他们抢劫来访者的财物。故选B项。
17．
考查名词词义辨析。句意：有时，他们不接受第一次提供（的食物），坚持要求更多。A. deposit押金；B. dish菜碟；C. offer提供；D. prey捕食（习性）。根据上文“They make a living by 1 visitors of their possessions and then holding those objects until a payment in the form of food is paid.”可知，猴子们有时不接受第一次提供的食物。故选C项。
18．
考查动词词义辨析。句意：因此，他问自己，猕猴是否能够评估一件物品对其主人的价值，并将其考虑到谈判中。A. assign分配；B. assist协助；C. assure保证；D. assess评估。根据本句中“how valuable an object is to its owner, and factor that into their negotiations.”以及后文“These animals have a preference for stealing high-value items, and will often hold out either for more rewards, or for better ones, if they are in possession of such items.”可以判断，这是看猴子们能否评估物品的价值。故选D项。
19．
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：每当他们看到猴子对某个特定的游客表现出兴趣，他们就会记录下互动过程。A. particular特指的；B. principal最重要的；C. peculiar怪异的；D. progressive进步的。根据常识及前文中“show interest”可知，猴子要选准一个特定的（感兴趣的）游客进行抢劫。故选A项。
20．
考查名词词义辨析。句意：但其中，他们分析了近2200个细节。A. impacts巨大影响；B. details细节；C. attacks攻击；D. motions运动。根据常识及句中“But of those that were”和具体数字“2200”以及下一段“To work out what was going on…”等内容可知，他们为了弄清是怎么回事，分析了2200个细节。故选B项。
21．
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：为了弄清楚到底是怎么回事，他们首先要确定猴子获得食物奖励的相对价值，以及人类可偷物品的相对价值。A. precise精确的B. scientific科学的；C. optional可选择的；D. relative相对的。猴子确定的食物奖励以及所偷物品的价值是根据不同的需要而决定的，所以是相对的。故选D项。
22．
考查固定（介词）短语词义辨析。句意：寺庙工作人员有三种奖励可供游客在谈判中使用：生鸡蛋、饼干和小袋水果。A. in spite of尽管；B. in honor of为了纪念；C. with regard to关于；D. on behalf of代表某人，为了某人。根据句意可知，提供给猴子的食物并不是被偷游客自己提供的，而是由寺庙工作人员为他们提供的。故选D项。
23．
考查名词词义辨析。句意：不同的猴子有不同的偏好，但在最初的实验中，Leca教授通过让猴子在两组食物中进行选择，为单个动物确立了这些偏好。A. preferences偏好；B. potentials潜力；C. performances表演；D. predictions预言。根据本句中“but professor Leca established these for 9 animals by offering them choices between pairs of treats in an initial experiment.”可知，不同的猴子有不同的偏好。后文“These animals have a preference for stealing high-value items, and will often hold out either for more rewards, or for better ones, if they are in possession of such items.”可以验证答案。故选A项。
24．
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：不同的猴子有不同的偏好，但在最初的实验中，Leca教授通过让猴子在两组食物中进行选择，为单个动物确立了这些偏好。A. individual单个的，个别的；B. independent独立的；C. collective集体的；D. cooperative合作的。基于前文的分析可知，猴子们的表现是不同的，所以要对单个的猴子进行实验，才能有所区别。故选A项。
25．
考查动词词义辨析。句意：为了确定哪些偷窃物品最受猴子们重视，他们将偷窃物品分为六大类：空容器，如手机套和相机袋；钥匙圈等配件；帽子和头饰；鞋子；眼镜和太阳镜；还有电子产品和钱包。A. identified识别；B. valued重视，珍视；C. exchanged交换；D. rewarded奖励。根据后文“they divided them into six classes: empty containers, such as phone cases and camera bags; accessories such as key rings; hats and headgear; shoes; spectacles and sunglasses; and electronics and wallets.”可知，实验中，为了确定哪些物品受猴子们重视。故选B项。
26．
考查动词词义辨析。句意：然后，他们从录像中观察受害者为归还属于不同类别的财物而花费时间和精力与窃贼讨价还价的频率，从而将物品分为低价值(清单上的前两类)、中价值(后两类)和高价值(第三类)。A. refused拒绝；B. managed管理；C. bothered打扰，花费时间和精力（做某事）；D. happened发生。根据常识以及后文“to bargain with the thief for the return of property belonging to different classes”可知，受害游客需要花费时间和精力和猴子们讨价还价。故选C项。
27．
考查副词词义辨析。句意：然后，他们从录像中观察受害者为归还属于不同类别的财物而与窃贼讨价还价的频率，从而将物品分为低价值(清单上的前两类)、中价值(后两类)和高价值(第三类)。A. instead代替；B. otherwise否则；C. thus因此，从而；D. meanwhile同时。后文“classified objects into low value (the first two classes on the list), medium value (the second two) and high value (the third two).”和前文“They then observed, from the video recordings, how often victims 11 to bargain with the thief for the return of property belonging to different classes,”存在因果关系。故选C项。
28．
考查介词短语词义辨析。句意：他们发现，猴子确实对自己在做什么有很好的意识——至少成年和半成年的猴子是这样的。A. in practice实际上；B. at least至少；C. in all总计；D. at length最终。根据后文“Young ones make no such 14 , and sub-adults are less good at doing so than adults.”可知，只有成年和半成年的猴子有很好的意识，所以说，不是所有的猴子都有很好的意识，至少成年和半成年的猴子是这样的。故选B项。
29．
考查名词词义辨析。句意：年幼的猴子没有这样的区别，而且半成年的猴子在这方面不如成年的猴子擅长。A. differences差别；B. distinctions对比，区别；C. distributions分配；D. demands要求。根据上文“But this is something that they have to learn how to do as they grow up.”可知，这种意识是随着成长学会的，此处指幼年猴子没有这种意识，它们没有区别。differences常指颜色、尺寸和数量等普通的差别；distinctions意思是相似的或相关的事物之间细节的差异，只能通过仔细检查才能确定的。故选B项。
30．
考查动词词义辨析。句意：它是被获得的。A. acquired (被通过努力)获得；B. reversed(被)撤销；C. managed(被)监管；D. informed(被)通知。根据上文“In monkeys, as in people, guile（狡猾）is not a trick that is inborn.”可知，猴子们的狡诈不是与生俱来的，是后天习得的。故选A项。
31．C
32．B
33．D
34．A
35．C
36．B
37．D
38．C
39．A
40．C
41．B
42．D
43．B
44．A
45．C
【解析】
【分析】
本文是一篇说明文。文章通过科学研究来说明猩猩与人类一样，随着年龄变大，他们所交的朋友类型也会发生变化，年老时喜欢选择少数几个亲近的又积极活跃的朋友。
31．
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：除了白发和皮肤起皱外，还有随年龄增长而来的情绪变化。A. physical身体的；B. intellectual智力的；C. emotional感情的；D. functional实用的。根据“According to an idea in psychology known as socio-emotional selectivity theory, older humans prefer more 13 relationships because they are aware that time is running out.”可知，人类随年龄增长而带来情绪变化。故选C。
32．
考查名词词义辨析。句意：当人到了晚年，他们更喜欢长期的朋友，他们的社交圈减少了。A. habits习惯；B. friends朋友；C. tasks任务；D. ideas想法。根据“Twenty years of observations of chimpanzees (猩猩) reveal that older males choose to keep contact with their 4 friends at the expense of other relationships.”可知，当人到了晚年更喜欢长期的朋友。故选B。
33．
考查名词词义辨析。句意：现在，科学家们似乎首次在另一个物种身上发现了同样的行为。A. problem问题；B. obstacle障碍；C. struggle奋斗；D. behaviour行为。根据“Twenty years of observations of chimpanzees (猩猩) reveal that older males choose to keep contact with their 4 friends at the expense of other relationships.”可知，科学家发现黑猩猩的行为和人类的行为相似。故选D。
34．
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：对黑猩猩长达20年的观察表明，年长的雄性选择与已有的朋友保持联系，而牺牲其他关系。A. established建立的；B. respective各自的；C. experienced有经验的；D. thoughtful体贴的。根据“at the expense of other relationships.”可知，年长的黑猩猩选择与已建立关系的朋友保持联系而牺牲其他关系。故选A。
35．
考查名词词义辨析。句意：研究人员研究了1996年至2016年期间进行的7.8万个小时的观察，这些观察跟踪了21只15至58岁雄性黑猩猩的社会互动。A. skills技巧；B. reputations名声；C. interactions相互作用；D. positions位置。根据“The researchers studied 78,000 hours of observations made between 1996 and 2016”可知，研究人员跟踪研究了黑猩猩的社会互动。故选C。
36．
考查名词词义辨析。句意：他们根据黑猩猩与其他黑猩猩坐在一起和为它们梳理毛发的时间长短来划分黑猩猩之间的关系。A. intelligence智力；B. relationships关系；C. popularity流行；D. performances表现。根据“They then rated (分类) the various pairings as mutual (相互的) friendships, where both chimps seemed to enjoy the relationship;”可知，研究人员通过观察来了解黑猩猩之间的关系。故选B。
37．
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：单方面的友谊，其中一只黑猩猩比另一只更愿意成为朋友。A. easy-going随和的；B. warm-hearted热心的；C. self-relying自力更生的；D. one-sided片面的。根据“where one chimp was more keen to be friends than the other;”可知，这是单方面的友谊。故选D。
38．
考查短语词义辨析。句意：以及非友谊，即两只黑猩猩都没有对对方表现出兴趣。A. respect for尊敬；B. courage to勇气；C. interest in兴趣；D. loyalty to忠诚。show interest in对……有兴趣。根据“ 7 friendships, where one chimp was more keen to be friends than the other;”和“and non-friendships,”可知，两只黑猩猩没有友谊就对彼此之间没有兴趣。故选C。
39．
考查名词词义辨析。句意：当科学家们观察友谊的模式时，他们发现年长的黑猩猩比年轻的黑猩猩有更多的共同友谊，而更少的是单方面的友谊。A. patterns模式；B. importance重要性；C. meanings意义；D. development发展。根据“they found that the older chimps had more mutual friendships and fewer one-sided friendships than younger chimps.”可知，这里指科学家们观察黑猩猩的友谊模式。故选A。
40．
考查名词词义辨析。句意：老年人类的另一个特征也出现在黑猩猩身上。A. instinct直觉；B. disadvantage缺点；C. feature特色；D. belief信念。根据“Now, for what appears to be the first time, scientists have seen the same 3 in another species.”可知，这里指研究人员发现老年人类的另一个特征也出现在黑猩猩身上。故选C。
41．
考查名词词义辨析。句意：随着雄性年龄的增长，它们的攻击性会逐渐减弱，这意味着它们开始很少打架，也不会经常威胁群体中的其他成员。A. responsibility责任；B. aggression侵犯；C. reliability可靠性；D. advancement进步。根据“meaning they started fewer fights and tended to threaten others in their group less often.”可知，雄性黑猩猩随着年龄的增长攻击性会逐渐减弱。故选B。
42．
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这些观察让研究人员感到困惑。A. delighted高兴的；B. amused愉快的；C. relived再生的；D. puzzled困惑的。根据“According to an idea in psychology known as socio-emotional selectivity theory, older humans prefer more 13 relationships because they are aware that time is running out. However many animal experts argue that chimpanzees 14 the human sense of mortality (死亡), suggesting something else is driving the behaviour.”可知，研究人员对这些观察感到困惑。故选D。
43．
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：根据心理学上被称为社会情感选择性理论的观点，老年人更喜欢积极的关系，因为他们意识到时间不多了。A. unknown未知的；B. positive积极的；C. insecure不安全的；D. senseless无意义的。根据“because they are aware that time is running out.”可知，老年人因为意识到时间不多了，更喜欢积极的关系。故选B。
44．
考查动词词义辨析。句意：然而，许多动物专家认为，黑猩猩缺乏人类的死亡意识，这表明有其他因素驱动着这种行为。A. lack缺乏；B. obtain获得；C. imitate仿效；D. abandon抛弃。根据“suggesting something else is driving the behaviour.”可知，动物专家认为黑猩猩缺乏人类的死亡意识。故选A。
45．
考查介词短语辨析。句意：牛津大学进化心理学教授罗宾·邓巴表示，就人类而言，随着年龄的增长，社交圈的减少是由于缺少机会，人们走出去和他人见面的动机下降。A. absence from缺；B. isolation from疏远；C. decrease in减少；D. distinction in区分。根据“due to declining social motivation to get out and meet people combined by lack of opportunity.”可知，人类随着年龄的增长，社交圈的减少是由于缺乏机会而减少的。故选C。
46．C
47．D
48．A
49．B
50．B
51．A
52．C
53．D
54．D
55．B
56．C
57．C
58．B
59．A
60．A
【解析】
【分析】
本文是一篇议论文。文章主要介绍表达不确定性的词会影响你的影响力，鼓励人们像狐狸一样考虑不同的方法和观点，并把它们结合成不同的结论。
46．
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：如果Al-powered“微软编辑”认为你听起来不够果断，它很快会给你一个警告：“表达不确定性的词语会降低你的影响力。” A. timid胆小的；B. reasonable合理的；C. decisive决定性的；D. mature成熟的。根据“Type the words “kind of’ or “perhaps” into an email in Microsoft Outlook and the program might well tell you to think again.”和“it will soon give you a word of warning：“Words expressing uncertainty will lessen your impact.””可知，你输入电子邮件的内容不够果断。故选C。
47．
考查动词词义辨析。句意：如果Al-powered“微软编辑”认为你听起来不够果断，它很快会给你一个警告：“表达不确定性的词语会降低你的影响力。”A. assess评估；B. reverse改变；C. enhance提高；D. lessen减少。根据“If the Al-powered “Microsoft Editor” judges that you are not sounding 1 enough, it will soon give you a word of warning：”可知，表达不确定性的词语会降低你的影响力。故选D。
48．
考查动词词义辨析。句意：我们生活在一个奖励那些充满信心的人的世界——即使是在错误的时候——给那些承认怀疑的人很少表现的机会。A. rewards奖励；B. relaxes放松；C. confuses使困惑；D. weakens削弱。根据“even when that is misplaced-and gives very little opportunity to perform to those who 4 doubt.”可知，自信地说话的人会得到激励。故选A。
49．
考查动词词义辨析。句意：我们生活在一个奖励那些充满信心的人的世界——即使是在错误的时候——给那些承认怀疑的人很少表现的机会。 A. eliminate消除；B. acknowledge承认；C. emphasize强调；D. conceal隐藏。根据“We live in a world that 3 those who speak with confidence-even when that is misplaced”可知，这里与那些充满信心的人对比，指承认怀疑的人。故选B。
50．
考查副词词义辨析。句意：《喋喋不休的未来》一书的作者丹•加德纳说：“因为这是一种心理上的满足，也就是说，让我为你扫除不确定性吧。”A. physically生理上；B. psychologically心理上；C. politically政治上地；D. professionally专业地。根据“That’s saying let me sweep away the uncertainty for you”可知，自信和不确定性都是心理上的。故选B。
51．
考查名词词义辨析。句意：研究表明，人类的大脑是“编程”讨厌不确定性：2016年的一项研究发现，当志愿者电击，他们的压力水平最高，当他们不知道他们是否会是由甚至比的给定一个轮冲击波受试者被告知他们肯定会得到一个。A. uncertainty不确定；B. confidence自信；C. dishonesty不诚实；D. stress压力。根据“That’s saying let me sweep away the uncertainty for you”可知，人类的大脑是“编程”也讨厌不确定性。故选A。
52．
考查副词词义辨析。句意：研究表明,人类的大脑被“编程”讨厌不确定性：2016年的一项研究发现，当志愿者被电击时，他们的压力水平最高，当他们不知道他们是否会是由甚至比的给定一个轮冲击波受试者被告知他们肯定会得到一个。A. readily容易地；B. fortunately幸运地；C. definitely当然地；肯定地； D. probably可能地。根据“they had no idea whether they were going to be given a shock-higher even than subjects”可知，这里与不确定性进行对比，所以是肯定地。故选C。
53．
考查名词词义辨析。句意：我们首先应该知道，虽然听起来很自信的专家可能给了我们大脑想要的东西，但他们提供的安慰可能是错误的。A. desire欲望；B. depression沮丧；C. shock震惊；D. relief安慰。根据“confident-sounding experts might be giving us what our brains desire,”可知，专家给我们的大脑提供了想要的东西，即安慰。故选D。
54．
考查短语词义辨析。句意：相反，刺猬倾向于通过一个单一的定义概念来看待世界。A. For instance例如；B. In addition此外；C. Even so即便如此；D. In contrast相反。根据“Foxes consider all sorts of different approaches sand perspectives, and combine those into distinct conclusions.”可知，与狐狸考虑了各种不同的方法和观点不同，刺猬是相反的，即只考虑一个单一的概念。故选D。
55．
考查形容词比较级词义辨析。句意：这使得“刺猬”预测能力更差，但更有可能得到关注。 A. funnier更可笑的；B. worse更糟糕的；C. less confident不自信的；D. more reliable更可靠的。根据“hedgehogs tend to view the world through the lens of one single defining idea.”可知，“刺猬”预测能力更差。故选B。
56．
考查名词词义辨析。句意：也许我们更关心的不是真相，而是享受一种安全感，不管这种安全感多么短暂。A. achievement成就；B. responsibility责任；C. security安全；D. justice公正。结合前文“刺猬”看待世界的方法可知，人们大多是享受目前的一种安全感。故选C。
57．
考查名词词义辨析。句意：加德纳建议给演讲者贴上某种先前预测的记录，就像我们收到赛马或棒球运动员的表现统计数据一样。A. approaches方法；B. attention注意；C. predictions预测；D. significance重要性。根据“we are given performance statistics for racehorses or baseball players.”可知，加德纳建议给演讲者者加上某种先前预测的记录。故选C。
58．
考查动词词义辨析。句意：高度自信的陈述也会加剧两极分化，鼓励别人在表达不同意见时用同样的语言回应。A. prohibit禁止；B. promote提升；C. sacrifice牺牲；D. separate分开。根据“encouraging others to respond in the same kind of language when they disagree.”可知，高度自信的陈述会加剧两极分化。故选B。
59．
考查名词词义辨析。句意：政治学家丹尼尔•德雷兹纳表示，人们自然会倾向于以同样坚定的态度予以回击。A. firmness坚定；B. encouragement鼓励；C. carefulness细心；D. statement声明。根据“Highly confident statements also 13 polarization（两极化）, encouraging others to respond in the same kind of language when they disagree.”可知，人们会以坚定的态度予以回击。故选A。
60．
考查名词词义辨析。句意：是时候对狐狸给予更多的关注了吗?A. foxes狐狸；B. hedgehogs刺猬；C. forecasters预报员；D. scientists科学家。根据前文“Psychologist Philip Tetlock divided up forecasters into “foxes” and “hedgehogs”. Foxes consider all sorts of different approaches sand perspectives, and combine those into distinct conclusions.”结合之前讲述了“刺猬”可知，此处表示考虑狐狸的观点。故选A。
61．C
62．B
63．A
64．B
65．C
66．A
67．A
68．B
69．B
70．C
71．B
72．D
73．B
74．B
75．A
【解析】
【分析】
这是一篇议论文。文章讲述了，当今男女教育不平等，女孩们缺少基本网络技能的现状，其原因，结果和解决措施，强调没有政府的帮助，技术变革的大部分好处只有男人才能享受，从而加剧性别的不平等。
61．
考查动词词义辨析。句意：今天，在使用数字技术方面，女孩得不到基础教育的情况更加恶化，使她们远远落后于男孩。A. improved提高；B. eliminated消灭；C. worsened恶化；D. resulted发生。由下文的“when it comes to the use of digital technology, leaving them far behind boys”，可知在使用数字技术方面，女孩远远落后于男孩，说明女孩得不到基础教育的情况在更加恶化。故选C项。
62．
考查副词词义辨析。句意：由于世界越来越数字化，那些缺少基本互联网技能的人将越来越难以参与正规经济、获得高质量的教育、获得医疗保健、信息和心理社会支持，也越来越难以听到自己的声音。A. considerately体贴地；B. increasingly越来越多地；C. only只有；D. technically技术上。由上文的“because the world is ever more digital”可知，是由于世界越来越数字化，缺少基本互联网技能的人才会在社会上越来越难。故选B项。
63．
考查动词词义辨析。句意：由于世界越来越数字化，那些缺少基本互联网技能的人将越来越难以参与正规经济、获得高质量的教育、获得医疗保健、信息和心理社会支持，也越来越难以听到自己的声音。A. access使用；B. approach靠近；C. evaluate评估；D. promote提高。由“health care”可知，此处指使用（获得）医疗保健。故选A项。
64．
考查副词词义辨析。句意：更糟糕的是，生活在最贫穷国家的妇女和女孩上网的可能性比男子和男孩低31%。A. However然而；B. Worse更糟糕地；C. And并且；D. Strangely奇怪地。由上文的“Since 2013 the global gender gap in male and female access to the Internet has actually increased from 11 to 12 percent.”和下文的“women and girls living in the poorest countries are 31 percent less 5 than men and boys to have access to the Internet”可知，上文陈述了自2013年以来，全球男女上网的性别差距实际上从11%增加到了12%，后文讲生活在最贫穷国家的妇女和女孩上网的可能性比男子和男孩低31%，说明数字性别差距的情况更加糟糕。故选B项。
65．
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：更糟糕的是，生活在最贫穷国家的妇女和女孩上网的可能性比男子和男孩低31%。A. possible（客观上）可能的；B. probable（有充分的依据或者理由）很可能发生的；C. likely（暗示有较大的）可能的；D. feasible可行的。由上文语境可知，全球男女上网的性别差距实际上从11%增加到了12%，而此处讲最贫穷国家的妇女和女孩上网的可能性问题，possible和probable可用物或it作主语，一般不用人来作主语；而likely可以用人或物或it来作主语，本句主语是人women and girls living in the poorest countries，用likely。故选C项。
66．
考查名词词义辨析。句意：这一数字差距正在扩大，如果按目前的速度继续下去，预计75%以上的妇女和女孩将缺少互联网接入和数字技能。A. gap差距；B. difference不同；C. data数据；D. shortage短缺。由标题“A Need to Close the Digital Gender Gap”和本段上文可知，全球男女上网的性别差距实际上从11%增加到了12%，生活在最贫穷国家的妇女和女孩上网的可能性比男子和男孩低31%，在发展中国家，拥有手机的妇女比男子少2亿左右，说明数字性别差距正在扩大。故选A项。
67．
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这一数字差距正在扩大，如果按目前的速度继续下去，预计75%以上的妇女和女孩将缺少互联网接入和数字技能。A. digital数字的；B. technical技术上的；C. mathematical数学的；D. practical实际上。由标题“A Need to Close the Digital Gender Gap”和本段上文可知，文章在讲，相对于男性，女性在数字科技上缺少接触的机会，造成了数字性别差距，如果差距一直扩大，不会上网的女性会缺少数字技能。故选A项。
68．
考查名词词义辨析。句意：其中包括女孩明显被排除在基础教育之外，被排除在特定的技术教育和设计之外，设备和互联网接入费用高昂，与妇女和女孩有关的内容匮乏，以及社会文化偏见和歧视，例如阻碍妇女在网上和网下自由和私下发言的障碍。A. restriction限制；B. exclusion排斥；C. independence独立；D. division分开。由上文的“Today, girls’ lack of access to basic education”和“There are many causes for the digital gender gap.”可知，此处在讲造成数字性别差距的原因，女孩得不到基础教育，说明女孩明显被排除在基础教育之外了。故选B项。
69．
考查名词词义辨析。句意：其中包括女孩明显被排除在基础教育之外，被排除在特定的技术教育和设计之外，设备和互联网接入费用高昂，与妇女和女孩有关的内容匮乏，以及社会文化偏见和歧视，例如阻碍妇女在网上和网下自由和私下发言的障碍。A. implements工具；B. devices装置；C. products产品；D. experts专家。由本处的“both 9 and Internet access”可知，此处指设备和互联网接入的事情。故选B项。
70．
考查名词词义辨析。句意：其中包括女孩明显被排除在基础教育之外，被排除在特定的技术教育和设计之外，设备和互联网接入费用高昂，与妇女和女孩有关的内容匮乏，以及社会文化偏见和歧视，例如阻碍妇女在网上和网下自由和私下发言的障碍。A. research研究；B. criticism批评；C. discrimination歧视；D. distinction区别。由上文的“socio-cultural biases and”可知，此处选择内容应与“对女性的社会文化偏见”有关，“歧视”符合语境。故选C项。
71．
考查动词词义辨析。句意：事实上，女孩学习如何获取和使用数字技术可能被阻止的一个最隐伏的原因也是毫无根据的：女孩根本不擅长使用技术。A. encouraged鼓励；B. prevented阻止；C. denied否定；D. disappointed使失望。由上文语境可知，本段主要讲，因为女孩明显被排除在基础教育之外，被排除在特定的技术教育和设计之外，设备和互联网接入费用高昂等原因，女性就被阻止获取和使用数字技术，导致数字性别差距变大。故选B项。
72．
考查名词词义辨析。句意：国际可持续发展研究所是一个独立、非营利和非政府的研究组织，它认为，性别数字差距是妇女获得经济权力和参与经济的一个主要障碍。A. deadlock僵局；B. concern担心；C. prevention阻止；D. barrier障碍。由上文的“difficult to participate in the formal economy, to obtain a quality education, to 3 health care, information and psychosocial support, and to have their voices heard”，“over 75 percent of women and girls will lack Internet access and 7 skills”和语境可知，由于各种原因，女性被阻止获取和使用数字技术，她们不会数字技能，也越来越难以听到自己的声音，对于女性获得经济权力和参与经济肯定是一个主要障碍。故选D项。
73．
考查介词词义辨析。句意：如果不大力增加政策努力和投资，技术变革的大部分好处将只能由男子享受，从而加剧两性不平等。A. With有；B. Without没有；C. Through通过；D. Despite尽管。由本处语境可知，此处用Without，表示如果不大力增加政策努力和投资，技术变革的大部分好处将只能由男子享受，从而加剧两性不平等。故选B项。
74．
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这也导致了经济增长和创新的丧失，经济增长和创新只有在男女平等获得技术和经济的情况下，这才有可能实现。A. faint不清楚的；B. lost失去的；C. missed错过；D. rapid快速的。由上文的“ 13 a major increase of policy effort and investment, most of the benefits of technological change will be enjoyed only by men, worsening gender inequality.”可知，上文在讲如果不对女性数字教育大力增加政策努力和投资的糟糕后果，即加剧两性不平等、经济增长和创新的丧失。故选B项。
75．
考查动词词义辨析。句意：用美国国际开发署高级性别问题协调员米歇尔·贝克林的话来说，“一个女孩的未来不应该由她的性别来决定，而应该由她对努力工作的承诺和获得成功所需资源的能力来决定。”A. defined决定；B. confined限制；C. designed设计；D. outlined概述。由本处语境可知，此处在讲女孩未来由什么决定。故选A项。
76．B
77．D
78．A
79．C
80．A
81．B
82．D
83．C
84．A
85．B
86．C
87．A
88．C
89．A
90．D
【解析】
【分析】
本文为一篇议论文，作者在文中议论了拳击运动的积极和消极的两个方面，且表达了对于侵略性运动的不认同。
【详解】
1.考查动词词义辨析。句意：报纸、杂志和电视上的体育节目经常报道拳击比赛。A. broadcast播送（电视或无线电节目）；B. cover报道；C. host举办；D. design设计。根据本句中“Newspapers, magazines and sports programmes on TV”可知，此处报纸，杂志和电视上的体育节目经常报道拳击比赛。故选B项。
2.考查动词词义辨析。句意：职业拳击手赚很多钱，而成功的拳击手则被视为大英雄。A. kept保持；B. individualized个性化；C. thought认为；D. treated对待。根据“as big heroes”可知，此处表示被视作大英雄，用be treated as。故选D项。
3.考查形容词词义辨析。句意：在我看来，有些人，尤其是男性，觉得它很有吸引力，因为它是一项有攻击性的运动。A. appealing吸引人的；B. subjective主观的；C. violent暴力的；D. challenging有挑战性的。根据下一句内容“When they watch a boxing match, they can 4 the winning boxer, and this gives them the feeling of being a 5 themselves.”可以推测，一些男性喜欢这类有攻击性的节目，觉得它们有吸引力。故选A项。
4.考查动词短语辨析。句意：当他们观看一场拳击比赛时，他们会认同获胜的拳击手，这让他们有一种自己也是赢家的感觉。A.pick up捡起；B. believe in信任；C. identify with认同……；D. long for渴望。根据“and this gives them the feeling of being a 5 themselves. ”推测，拳击运动让男性有认同感。故选C项。
5.考查名词词义辨析。句意同上。A. winner获胜者；B. spectator观众，旁观者；C. inspector检查员；D. trainer训练者。根据语境，结合“the winning boxer”可知，此处表示男性有一种自己成为赢家的感觉。故选A项。
6.考查名词词义辨析。句意：事实是，许多人不时地有攻击性，但他们不能在日常生活中表现出来。A. ambition野心；B. aggression攻击性；C. energy能量；D. strength力气。根据“have feelings of aggression”可知，此处表示许多人不时的有攻击性。故选B项。
7.考查形容词词义辨析。句意：然而，拳击也有消极的一面。A. positive积极的；B. indifferent冷漠的；C. deadly致命的；D. negative消极的。根据后一句“It can be a very dangerous sport. ”并结合“However”可知，此处表示拳击有消极的一面。故选D项。
8.考查副词词义辨析。句意：尽管拳击运动员在比赛中戴手套，业余拳击运动员甚至必须戴头盔，但在职业拳击和业余拳击比赛中经常会发生事故，有时还会带来令人吃惊的后果。A. otherwise否则，另外；B. somehow不知怎么的；C. even甚至；D. barely仅仅，几乎不。根据“and amateur boxers”可知，业余拳击运动员比专业的拳击运动员装备要更安全，even甚至，符合题意。故选C项。
9.考查形容词词义辨析。句意同上。A. dramatic戏剧性的，令人吃惊的；B. eye-catching引人注目的；C. emotional情绪的，容易激动的；D. special特殊的。结合“consequences”和“Boxers have suffered from head injuries, and occasionally, fighters have even been killed as a result of being knocked out in the 10 .”可知，此处表示拳击有时能带来令人吃惊的后果。故选A项。
10.考查名词词义辨析。句意：有些拳击手头部受伤，有时甚至会因为在拳击场上被击倒而死亡。A. court法院，球场；B. ring 圆形表演场（或竞技场）；C. pitch场地，球场；D. yard院子。此处表示“拳击场”用 ring。故选B项。
11.考查名词词义辨析。句意：此外，研究表明，拳击经常会有长期的影响，表现为严重的脑损伤，即使拳击手从未被击倒过。A. loss损失；B. drain消耗；C. damage损害；D. disorder失调。此处表示“脑损伤”用brain damage，为固定搭配。故选C项。
12.考查固定短语辨析。句意：我个人一点也不喜欢像拳击这样具有侵略性的运动。A. in favour of赞成；B. in process of在……的进程中；C. in charge of掌控，管理；D. in power of在……的影响下。根据“not at all”和“I think it would be better if less time was 13 to aggressive sports on TV, and we welcomed more men and women from non-aggressive sports as our heroes and heroines in our society. I believe that the world is aggressive enough already! ”可知，作者是不赞成攻击性运动的。故选A项。
13.考查动词词义辨析。句意：我认为如果少花点时间在电视上播放攻击性体育节目会更好，我们欢迎更多的非攻击性体育节目中的男女成为我们社会中的英雄。A. shifted轮换；B. transformed改变；C. given给；D. delivered传递。 作者认为，电视上更少的时间被用来播放攻击性的节目会更好。故选C项。
14.考查形容词词义辨析。句意：当然，人们喜欢竞技运动，我也喜欢，但是我认为以攻击性的方式打别人不应该被视为一项运动。A. competitive有竞争力的；B. quiet安静的；C. cooperative合作的；D. regular有规律的。根据“but I think that 15 other people in an aggressive way is not something that should be regarded as a sport.”可知，拳击一类的运动属于有竞争力的运动。故选A项。
15.考查动名词词义辨析。句意同上。A. invading侵略；B. insulting侮辱；C. teasing戏弄；D. hitting击打。本文讲述的运动是拳击，为一项击打运动。故选D项。
完形填空
Some fifteen years ago, when smartphone apps were new and few truly understood their potentials, retailers (零售商) barely knew that consumers could browse in stores while comparing prices and __1__ from other item providers through certain apps before __2__ making the purchase online. Ten years ago, brick-and-mortar (实体店) retailers had to acknowledge that showrooming existed and appeared to be a threat. That’s the year when retailers were up in arms as online giant Amazon released an “evil” promotion that encouraged consumers to visit __3__ stores and use Amazon’s Price Check app at the same time. Any purchase completed through the app was given __4__ discounts, which significantly stimulated sales and __5__ many shop owners to the edge of bankruptcy.
From the point on, retailers began launching strategies to combat showrooming including releasing __6__ items for sale so that no reference prices from other sources are available for comparison.
“Media have reported showrooming as a big threat to physical stores,” says Casey Carl, a retailer. “However, less __7__ is the fact that it is also the greatest opportunity for us.” Retailers need to accept that the act of showrooming is not illegal and any sensible buyer tends to __8__ prices. As there’s nothing you can do about it, you might as well offer conveniences like in-store internet access to __9__ these consumers. With caring services combined with acceptable prices, the store might actually improve the likelihood for consumers to close the deal __10__.
And a showrooming study indicates that it’s wise for retailers to limit the item price to at most 5 dollars higher than what online stores charge. After all, for the majority of consumers, getting the absolute lowest price is not their __11__. Many of them, instead, are willing to pay __12__ in exchange for favourable shopping experiences, such as the pleasant store atmosphere, agreeable staff attitudes or even the merry music played, with a reasonable price __13__, of course.
Besides, adopting a strategy of __14__ channels is also essential. With many sale channels under control, retailers are sure to have access to the lowest price possible for an item. Therefore, when a customer pulls out a mobile device in store, retailers can be spared the __15__ that was unavoidable for them some ten years ago.
1．A．reviews B．locations C．rehearsals D．similarities
2．A．genuinely B．generously C．particularly D．finally
3．A．domestic B．physical C．imaginary D．parallel
4．A．superior B．compulsory C．routine D．rewarding
5．A．cornered B．messed C．overlooked D．refunded
6．A．exclusive B．alternative C．renewed D．seasonal
7．A．criticized B．publicized C．exploited D．executed
8．A．pursue B．neglect C．question D．compare
9．A．assist B．prohibit C．monitor D．expose
10．A．out of stock B．on the spot C．within reach D．at random
11．A．reputation B．greed C．priority D．devotion
12．A．attention B．deposit C．honor D．extra
13．A．disorder B．gap C．split D．deadline
14．A．accessible B．multiple C．loyal D．concrete
15．A．suspicion B．effort C．panic D．guilt
Thieving Monkeys — Name Your Price
Human beings are not the only species able to negotiate a deal.
If you visit Uluwatu temple in Bali, be careful. The long-tailed macaques (猕猴) there are well-known thieves. They make a living by ____16____ visitors of their possessions and then holding those objects until a payment in the form of food is paid. That is quite clever. But professor Jean-Baptiste Leca wondered whether these monkeys are cleverer still. Sometimes, they do not accept the first ____17____ and hold out for more. He therefore asked himself whether macaques are able to ____18____ how valuable an object is to its owner, and factor that into their negotiations.
Professor Leca and his colleagues conducted their experiment by wandering around the temple with video cameras, recording the activities of the monkeys. Every time they saw a monkey show interest in a ____19____ tourist, they recorded the interaction. Not all attempts at robbery were successful. But of those that were, they analysed the ____20____ of almost 2,200.
To work out what was going on, they had first to establish the ____21____ values of food rewards to monkeys, and of stealable objects to people. The temple staff keep three sorts of reward available for use in negotiations ____22____ tourists who want to get their property back: raw eggs, biscuits and small bags of fruit. Different monkeys have different ____23____, but professor Leca established these for ____24____ animals by offering them choices between pairs of treats in an initial experiment.
To confirm which stealable objects are most _____25_____ by people, they divided them into six classes: empty containers, such as phone cases and camera bags; accessories such as key rings; hats and headgear; shoes; spectacles and sunglasses; and electronics and wallets. They then observed, from the video recordings, how often victims _____26_____ to bargain with the thief for the return of property belonging to different classes, and _____27_____ classified objects into low value (the first two classes on the list), medium value (the second two) and high value (the third two).
They found that monkeys do have a good sense of what they are doing — _____28_____, adults and sub-adults do. These animals have a preference for stealing high-value items, and will often hold out either for more rewards, or for better ones, if they are in possession of such items. But this is something that they have to learn how to do as they grow up. Young ones make no such _____29_____, and sub-adults are less good at doing so than adults.
In monkeys, as in people, guile（狡猾）is not a trick that is inborn. It has to be _____30_____.
16．A．warning B．robbing C．reminding D．clearing
17．A．deposit B．dish C．offer D．prey
18．A．assign B．assist C．assure D．assess
19．A．particular B．principal C．peculiar D．progressive
20．A．impacts B．details C．attacks D．motions
21．A．precise B．scientific C．optional D．relative
22．A．in spite of B．in honor of C．with regard to D．on behalf of
23．A．preferences B．potentials C．performances D．predictions
24．A．individual B．independent C．collective D．cooperative
25．A．identified B．valued C．exchanged D．rewarded
26．A．refused B．managed C．bothered D．happened
27．A．instead B．otherwise C．thus D．meanwhile
28．A．in practice B．at least C．in all D．at length
29．A．differences B．distinctions C．distributions D．demands
30．A．acquired B．reversed C．managed D．informed
Many things happen when people are ageing. Apart from the greying hair and wrinkled skin, there is a(n) ___31___ change which comes with older age. When humans reach their later years, they favour more long-term ___32___ and their social cirele is reduced.
Now, for what appears to be the first time, scientists have seen the same ___33___ in another species. Twenty years of observations of chimpanzees (猩猩) reveal that older males choose to keep contact with their ___34___ friends at the expense of other relationships.
The researchers studied 78,000 hours of observations made between 1996 and 2016 that followed the social ___35___ of 21 male chimpanzees between the ages of 15 and 58 years old. They classified the chimps' ___36___ depending on the amount of time they sat with others and groomed (梳毛) them. They then rated (分类) the various pairings as mutual (相互的) friendships, where both chimps seemed to enjoy the relationship; ___37___ friendships, where one chimp was more keen to be friends than the other; and non-friendships, where neither chimp showed ___38___ the other.
When the scientists looked at the ___39___ of friendships, they found that the older chimps had more mutual friendships and fewer one-sided friendships than younger chimps. Another _____40_____ seen in older humans was also spotted in the chimps. As the males got older, their levels of _____41_____ gradually become less, meaning they started fewer fights and tended to threaten others in their group less often.
The observations have left the researchers _____42_____. According to an idea in psychology known as socio-emotional selectivity theory, older humans prefer more _____43_____ relationships because they are aware that time is running out. However many animal experts argue that chimpanzees _____44_____ the human sense of mortality (死亡) , suggesting something else is driving the behaviour.
Robin Dunbar, a professor of evolutionary psychology at the University of Oxford, said in humans, the _____45_____ social circles with age is due to declining social motivation to get out and meet people combined by lack of opportunity. In chimpanzees, as older males compete less for mates, they may focus on close, reciprocal (互惠的) relationships with trusted partners, he said.
31．A．physical B．intellectual C．emotional D．functional
32．A．habits B．friends C．tasks D．ideas
33．A．problem B．obstacle C．struggle D．behaviour
34．A．established B．respective C．experienced D．thoughtful
35．A．skills B．reputations C．interactions D．positions
36．A．intelligence B．relationships C．popularity D．performances
37．A．easy-going B．warm-hearted C．self-relying D．one-sided
38．A．respect for B．courage to C．interest in D．loyalty to
39．A．patterns B．importance C．meanings D．development
40．A．instinct B．disadvantage C．feature D．belief
41．A．responsibility B．aggression C．reliability D．advancement
42．A．delighted B．amused C．relived D．puzzled
43．A．unknown B．positive C．insecure D．senseless
44．A．lack B．obtain C．imitate D．abandon
45．A．absence from B．isolation from C．decrease in D．distinction in
Certainty：Over-rated and Over-rewarded
Type the words “kind of” or “perhaps” into an email in Microsoft Outlook and the program might well tell you to think again. If the Al-powered “Microsoft Editor” judges that you are not sounding ____46____ enough, it will soon give you a word of warning：“Words expressing uncertainty will ____47____ your impact.”
To me, this suggestion precisely expresses something we’ve got wrong in society. We live in a world that ____48____ those who speak with confidence-even when that is misplaced-and gives very little opportunity to perform to those who ____49____ doubt. “We tend to listen to those experts who tell us a simple, clear and confident story. Why? Because that’s ____50____ satisfying,” says Dan Gardner, author of Future Babble, “That’s saying let me sweep away the uncertainty for you’.”
Research shows that the human brain is “programmed” to hate ____51____：a 2016 study found that when volunteers were given electric shocks, their stress levels were highest when they had no idea whether they were going to be given a shock-higher even than subjects who were told they would ____52____ get one.
We should first know that while confident-sounding experts might be giving us what our brains desire, the ____53____ they are providing is probably false. Psychologist Philip Tetlock divided up forecasters into “foxes” and “hedgehogs”. Foxes consider all sorts of different approaches sand perspectives, and combine those into distinct conclusions. ____54____, hedgehogs tend to view the world through the lens of one single defining idea. That makes the hedgehogs _____55_____ forecasters but more likely to get attention.
Perhaps we care less about the truth and more about enjoying some sense of _____56_____ however short-lived that might be. But wouldn’t it be better if we held experts to account? Mr. Gardner suggests tagging speakers with some kind of record of previous _____57_____ much as we are given performance statistics for racehorses or baseball players.
Highly confident statements also _____58_____ polarization（两极化）, encouraging others to respond in the same kind of language when they disagree. “There’s a natural tendency to push back with equal amounts of _____59_____ says Daniel Drezner, a political scientist.
Is it time to give a bit more attention to the _____60_____? Full of certainty on the need to stop paying so much attention to those expressing certainty, I say yes.
46．A．timid B．reasonable C．decisive D．mature
47．A．assess B．reverse C．enhance D．lessen
48．A．rewards B．relaxes C．confuses D．weakens
49．A．eliminate B．acknowledge C．emphasize D．conceal
50．A．physically B．psychologically C．politically D．professionally
51．A．uncertainty B．confidence C．dishonesty D．stress
52．A．readily B．fortunately C．definitely D．probably
53．A．desire B．depression C．shock D．relief
54．A．For instance B．In addition C．Even so D．In contrast
55．A．funnier B．worse C．less confident D．more reliable
56．A．achievement B．responsibility C．security D．justice
57．A．approaches B．attention C．predictions D．significance
58．A．prohibit B．promote C．sacrifice D．separate
59．A．firmness B．encouragement C．carefulness D．statement
60．A．foxes B．hedgehogs C．forecasters D．scientists
A Need to Close the Digital Gender Gap
One of the most efficient ways to promote peace and jump-start flagging economies is to empower girls and invest in their education. Today, girls’ lack of access to basic education is ___61___when it comes to the use of digital technology, leaving them far behind boys. And because the world is ever more digital, those who lack basic Internet skills will find it____62____difficult to participate in the formal economy, to obtain a quality education, to___63___health care, information and psychosocial support, and to have their voices heard.
Since 2013 the global gender gap in male and female access to the Internet has actually increased from 11 to 12 percent. ____64____yet, women and girls living in the poorest countries are 31 percent less____65____than men and boys to have access to the Internet. In developing countries, some 200 million fewer women than men own a mobile phone, the most common means of Internet access there. This digital____66____is increasing, and should it continue at the present pace, it is predicted that over 75 percent of women and girls will lack Internet access and ____67____skills.
There are many causes for the digital gender gap. They include girls’ obvious _____68_____from basic education, from specific technology education and design, high costs of both_____69_____and Internet access, scarcity of content relevant for women and girls, and socio-cultural biases and______70______, such as barriers to women speaking freely and privately both online and offline. Indeed, one of the most insidious (隐伏的) reasons why girls may be______71______from learning how to access and use digital technology is also a groundless one: that girls are simply not good at using technology. The United Nations has announced that human rights online are human rights offline. These stereotypes reinforce harmful norms that keep women and girls from enjoying their human rights.
According to the International Institute for Sustainable Development, an independent, non-profit and non-governmental research organization, the gender digital gap is a major_____72_____to women’s economic empowerment and participation in the economy. _____73_____a major increase of policy effort and investment, most of the benefits of technological change will be enjoyed only by men, worsening gender inequality. This also results in______74______economic growth and innovation that is possible only when men and women have equal access to technology and the economy.
In the words of USAID Senior Gender Coordinator Michelle Bekkering, “A girl’s future should be_____75_____not by her sex, but by her commitment to hard work and ability to access the resources she needs to succeed.”
61．A．improved B．eliminated C．worsened D．resulted
62．A．considerately B．increasingly C．only D．technically
63．A．access B．approach C．evaluate D．promote
64．A．However B．Worse C．And D．Strangely
65．A．possible B．probable C．likely D．feasible
66．A．gap B．difference C．data D．shortage
67．A．digital B．technical C．mathematical D．practical
68．A．restriction B．exclusion C．independence D．division
69．A．implements B．devices C．products D．experts
70．A．research B．criticism C．discrimination D．distinction
71．A．encouraged B．prevented C．denied D．disappointed
72．A．deadlock B．concern C．prevention D．barrier
73．A．With B．Without C．Through D．Despite
74．A．faint B．lost C．missed D．rapid
75．A．defined B．confined C．designed D．outlined
Boxing is a popular sport that many people seem to be fascinated by. Newspapers, magazines and sports programmes on TV frequently ____76____ boxing matches. Professional boxers earn a lot of money, and successful boxers are ____77____ as big heroes.
It seems to me that some people, especially men, find it ____78____ because it is an aggressive sport. When they watch a boxing match, they can ____79____ the winning boxer, and this gives them the feeling of being a ____80____ themselves. It is a fact that many people have feelings of aggression from time to time, but they cannot show their ____81____ in their everyday lives. Watching a boxing match gives them an outlet for this aggression.
However, there is a ____82____ side to boxing. It can be a very dangerous sport. Although boxers wear gloves during the fights, and amateur boxers ____83____ have to wear helmets, there have frequently been accidents in both professional and amateur boxing, sometimes with ____84____ consequences. Boxers have suffered from head injuries, and occasionally, fighters have even been killed as a result of being knocked out in the ____85____. Furthermore, studies have shown that there are often long-term effects of boxing, in the form of serious brain ____86____, even if a boxer has never been knocked out.
I am personally not at all in ____87____ of aggressive sports like boxing. I think it would be better if less time was ____88____ to aggressive sports on TV, and we welcomed more men and women from non-aggressive sports as our heroes and heroines in our society. I believe that the world is aggressive enough already! Of course, people like ____89____ sports, and so do I, but I think that ____90____ other people in an aggressive way is not something that should be regarded as a sport.
76．A．broadcast B．cover C．host D．design
77．A．kept B．individualized C．thought D．treated
78．A．appealing B．subjective C．violent D．challenging
79．A．pick up B．believe in C．identify with D．long for
80．A．winner B．spectator C．inspector D．trainer
81．A．ambition B．aggression C．energy D．strength
82．A．positive B．indifferent C．deadly D．negative
83．A．otherwise B．somehow C．even D．barely
84．A．dramatic B．eye-catching C．emotional D．special
85．A．court B．ring C．pitch D．yard
86．A．loss B．drain C．damage D．disorder
87．A．favour B．process C．charge D．power
88．A．shifted B．transformed C．given D．delivered
89．A．competitive B．quiet C．cooperative D．regular
90．A．invading B．insulting C．teasing D．Hitting
参考答案：
1．A
2．D
3．B
4．D
5．A
6．A
7．B
8．D
9．A
10．B
11．C
12．D
13．B
14．B
15．C
【解析】
【分析】
这是一篇说明文。文章通过介绍网络巨头亚马逊引入手机应用。实现了网络购物，进而提到手机应用程序的发展给顾客带来的好处，和给零售商们带来的挑战，以及零售商们如何面对和利用该挑战。
【详解】
1. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：大约15年前，那时智能手机应用程序还很新，很少有人真正了解它们的潜力，零售商几乎不知道消费者可以通过某些应用程序浏览商店，比较其他商品供应商的价格和评论，然后最终在网上购买。A.reviews 评论；B.locations 位置；C.rehearsals 排练；D.similarities相似性。根据前文“comparing prices ”和后文“from other item providers through certain apps”可知，此处指通过某些应用软件来比较其它商家提供的产品的价格和其他消费者的评论。故选A。
2. 考查副词词义辨析。句意同上。A.genuinely真正地；B.generously慷慨地；C.particularly 尤其地，特别地；D.finally最后。根据前文“...before”和后文“making the purchase online”可知此处指之前通过比价和看评论，最终从网上购买。故选D。
3. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：那一年，零售商们对网络巨头亚马逊发布的一个“邪恶”促销活动表示强烈抗议，该活动鼓励消费者去实体店购物，同时使用亚马逊的价格查询应用程序。A.domestic国内的；B.physical 实物的，实体的；C.imaginary 想象的；D.parallel平行的。根据前文“encouraged consumers to visit”和后文“use Amazon’s Price Check app at the same time”，结合本句中的“ online giant Amazon”，可知，相对于网络巨头亚马逊而言，此处指让顾客使用价格查询应用程序来和实体店的价格进行比价。故选B。
4. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：通过该应用程序完成的任何购买都会获得奖励折扣，这极大地刺激了销售，并将许多店主逼到了破产的边缘。A.superior 优越的，优良的；B.compulsory强制的，强迫的； C.routine日常的，例行的；D.rewarding有报酬的，值得的。根据下文的“ which significantly stimulated sales ”可知，该活动刺激了销售，由此推知通过这个应用程序完成的购买都会有奖励的折扣。故选D。
5. 考查动词词义辨析。句意同上。A.cornered 把......逼入困境；B.messed使混乱； C.overlooked 俯视，忽视；D.refunded退款。根据下文“many shop owners to the edge of bankruptcy”可知此处指许多店主被逼入困境，接近到破产边缘。故选A。
6. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：从那一刻起，零售商开始采取策略来打击展厅销售，包括发布独家商品出售，以便没有其他来源的参考价格可供比较。A.exclusive排他的，专有的； B.alternative可供替换的； C.renewed更新的； D.seasonal季节性的。根据下文“no reference prices from other sources are available for comparison”可知，此处指没有可用于比较的其它来源的参考价格，即这个产品是独有的，专有的。故选A。
7. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：“然而，较少公开的事实是，这也是我们最大的机会。”A.criticized批评的； B.publicized 公开的；C.exploited 被开发的；D.executed已执行的，已生效的。根据上文“Media have reported showrooming as a big threat to physical stores”结合however表示转折，可知人们都认为展示销售给给实体商店带来威胁，但鲜为人知的是这其实也是实体店的机会。故选B。
8. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：零售商需要接受这样一个事实，那就是展厅的举动并不违法，任何明智的买家都倾向于比较价格。A.pursue购买；B.neglect 忽略；C.question询问； D.compare比较。根据上文“ no reference prices from other sources are available for comparison.”可知，此处指理智的购买者都会倾向于比较价格。故选D。
9. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：既然你对此无能为力，你不妨提供店内网络连接等便利，来帮助这些消费者。A.assist帮助；B.prohibit禁止；C.monitor监督；D.expose暴露。根据上文“ you might as well offer conveniences like in-store internet access ”可知此处指提供店内的网络连接来帮助消费者进行价格比较，故选A。
10. 考查短语辨析。句意：通过关怀服务和可接受的价格，商店实际上可能会提高消费者当场成交的可能性。A.out of stock缺货；B.on the spot在现场；C.within reach触手可及；D.at random随机的。根据上文“you might as well offer conveniences...to 9 these consumers ”及“the store might actually improve the likelihood for consumers to close the deal”可知，此处指商店如果做好了服务，可以提高了现场成交的可能性。故选B。
11. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：毕竟，对于大多数消费者来说，获得绝对最低的价格并不是他们的优先考虑的事。A.reputation 名声，声誉；B.greed贪婪，贪欲； C.priority优先权，优先考虑的事；D.devotion奉献。根据下文“Many of them, instead, are willing to pay 12 in exchange for favourable shopping experiences, ”可知，很多消费者在乎的是购物的体验，而获取最低的价格并不是他们优先考虑的事。故选C。
12. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：相反，他们中的许多人愿意支付额外费用，以换取良好的购物体验，例如愉快的店铺气氛、令人愉快的员工态度，甚至是欢快的音乐，当然，价格差距也是合理的。A.attention注意力； B.deposit 押金；C.honor荣耀； D.extra额外的东西（指金钱）。根据下文“in exchange for favourable shopping experiences, ”可知，此处指顾客们愿意为良好的购物体验支付额外的费用。故选D。
13. 考查名词词义辨析。句意同上。A.disorder 无秩序，混乱；B.gap 间隙，差距；C.split劈开，裂口；D.deadline截止时间，最后期限。根据前文“it’s wise for retailers to limit the item price to at most 5 dollars higher than what online stores charge”可知，此处指合理的价格差距。故选B。
14. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：此外，采取多渠道的策略也很重要。A.accessible可达到的，易取得的；B.multiple 复合的，多样的；C.loyal 忠实的；D.concrete具体的。根据下文“With many sale channels under control”可知，此处指采用多渠道的策略很重要。故选B。
15. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：因此，当顾客在商店里拿出移动设备时，零售商可以避免10年前不可避免的恐慌。A.suspicion 怀疑；B.effort努力；C.panic恐慌；D.guilt内疚。结合上文内容可知，以前展示销售几乎把零售商逼到破产的边缘，再根据下文“that was unavoidable for them some ten years ago”可知此处指零售商可以避免10年前不可避免的恐慌，即被逼到破产边缘。故选C。
16．B
17．C
18．D
19．A
20．B
21．D
22．D
23．A
24．A
25．B
26．C
27．C
28．B
29．B
30．A
【解析】
【分析】
这是一篇说明文。文章援引研究发现，成年猴子的偷窃行为和与受害者的讨价还价并获得高回报的行为是后天习得的。
16．
考查动词词义辨析。句意：他们以抢劫来访者的财物为生，然后持有这些物品，直到r人们以食物的形式支付报酬。A. warning警告；B. robbing抢劫；C. reminding提醒；D. clearing清理。根据前文“The long-tailed macaques (猕猴) there are well-known thieves.”以及后文“Not all attempts at robbery were successful.”可知，他们抢劫来访者的财物。故选B项。
17．
考查名词词义辨析。句意：有时，他们不接受第一次提供（的食物），坚持要求更多。A. deposit押金；B. dish菜碟；C. offer提供；D. prey捕食（习性）。根据上文“They make a living by 1 visitors of their possessions and then holding those objects until a payment in the form of food is paid.”可知，猴子们有时不接受第一次提供的食物。故选C项。
18．
考查动词词义辨析。句意：因此，他问自己，猕猴是否能够评估一件物品对其主人的价值，并将其考虑到谈判中。A. assign分配；B. assist协助；C. assure保证；D. assess评估。根据本句中“how valuable an object is to its owner, and factor that into their negotiations.”以及后文“These animals have a preference for stealing high-value items, and will often hold out either for more rewards, or for better ones, if they are in possession of such items.”可以判断，这是看猴子们能否评估物品的价值。故选D项。
19．
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：每当他们看到猴子对某个特定的游客表现出兴趣，他们就会记录下互动过程。A. particular特指的；B. principal最重要的；C. peculiar怪异的；D. progressive进步的。根据常识及前文中“show interest”可知，猴子要选准一个特定的（感兴趣的）游客进行抢劫。故选A项。
20．
考查名词词义辨析。句意：但其中，他们分析了近2200个细节。A. impacts巨大影响；B. details细节；C. attacks攻击；D. motions运动。根据常识及句中“But of those that were”和具体数字“2200”以及下一段“To work out what was going on…”等内容可知，他们为了弄清是怎么回事，分析了2200个细节。故选B项。
21．
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：为了弄清楚到底是怎么回事，他们首先要确定猴子获得食物奖励的相对价值，以及人类可偷物品的相对价值。A. precise精确的B. scientific科学的；C. optional可选择的；D. relative相对的。猴子确定的食物奖励以及所偷物品的价值是根据不同的需要而决定的，所以是相对的。故选D项。
22．
考查固定（介词）短语词义辨析。句意：寺庙工作人员有三种奖励可供游客在谈判中使用：生鸡蛋、饼干和小袋水果。A. in spite of尽管；B. in honor of为了纪念；C. with regard to关于；D. on behalf of代表某人，为了某人。根据句意可知，提供给猴子的食物并不是被偷游客自己提供的，而是由寺庙工作人员为他们提供的。故选D项。
23．
考查名词词义辨析。句意：不同的猴子有不同的偏好，但在最初的实验中，Leca教授通过让猴子在两组食物中进行选择，为单个动物确立了这些偏好。A. preferences偏好；B. potentials潜力；C. performances表演；D. predictions预言。根据本句中“but professor Leca established these for 9 animals by offering them choices between pairs of treats in an initial experiment.”可知，不同的猴子有不同的偏好。后文“These animals have a preference for stealing high-value items, and will often hold out either for more rewards, or for better ones, if they are in possession of such items.”可以验证答案。故选A项。
24．
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：不同的猴子有不同的偏好，但在最初的实验中，Leca教授通过让猴子在两组食物中进行选择，为单个动物确立了这些偏好。A. individual单个的，个别的；B. independent独立的；C. collective集体的；D. cooperative合作的。基于前文的分析可知，猴子们的表现是不同的，所以要对单个的猴子进行实验，才能有所区别。故选A项。
25．
考查动词词义辨析。句意：为了确定哪些偷窃物品最受猴子们重视，他们将偷窃物品分为六大类：空容器，如手机套和相机袋；钥匙圈等配件；帽子和头饰；鞋子；眼镜和太阳镜；还有电子产品和钱包。A. identified识别；B. valued重视，珍视；C. exchanged交换；D. rewarded奖励。根据后文“they divided them into six classes: empty containers, such as phone cases and camera bags; accessories such as key rings; hats and headgear; shoes; spectacles and sunglasses; and electronics and wallets.”可知，实验中，为了确定哪些物品受猴子们重视。故选B项。
26．
考查动词词义辨析。句意：然后，他们从录像中观察受害者为归还属于不同类别的财物而花费时间和精力与窃贼讨价还价的频率，从而将物品分为低价值(清单上的前两类)、中价值(后两类)和高价值(第三类)。A. refused拒绝；B. managed管理；C. bothered打扰，花费时间和精力（做某事）；D. happened发生。根据常识以及后文“to bargain with the thief for the return of property belonging to different classes”可知，受害游客需要花费时间和精力和猴子们讨价还价。故选C项。
27．
考查副词词义辨析。句意：然后，他们从录像中观察受害者为归还属于不同类别的财物而与窃贼讨价还价的频率，从而将物品分为低价值(清单上的前两类)、中价值(后两类)和高价值(第三类)。A. instead代替；B. otherwise否则；C. thus因此，从而；D. meanwhile同时。后文“classified objects into low value (the first two classes on the list), medium value (the second two) and high value (the third two).”和前文“They then observed, from the video recordings, how often victims 11 to bargain with the thief for the return of property belonging to different classes,”存在因果关系。故选C项。
28．
考查介词短语词义辨析。句意：他们发现，猴子确实对自己在做什么有很好的意识——至少成年和半成年的猴子是这样的。A. in practice实际上；B. at least至少；C. in all总计；D. at length最终。根据后文“Young ones make no such 14 , and sub-adults are less good at doing so than adults.”可知，只有成年和半成年的猴子有很好的意识，所以说，不是所有的猴子都有很好的意识，至少成年和半成年的猴子是这样的。故选B项。
29．
考查名词词义辨析。句意：年幼的猴子没有这样的区别，而且半成年的猴子在这方面不如成年的猴子擅长。A. differences差别；B. distinctions对比，区别；C. distributions分配；D. demands要求。根据上文“But this is something that they have to learn how to do as they grow up.”可知，这种意识是随着成长学会的，此处指幼年猴子没有这种意识，它们没有区别。differences常指颜色、尺寸和数量等普通的差别；distinctions意思是相似的或相关的事物之间细节的差异，只能通过仔细检查才能确定的。故选B项。
30．
考查动词词义辨析。句意：它是被获得的。A. acquired (被通过努力)获得；B. reversed(被)撤销；C. managed(被)监管；D. informed(被)通知。根据上文“In monkeys, as in people, guile（狡猾）is not a trick that is inborn.”可知，猴子们的狡诈不是与生俱来的，是后天习得的。故选A项。
31．C
32．B
33．D
34．A
35．C
36．B
37．D
38．C
39．A
40．C
41．B
42．D
43．B
44．A
45．C
【解析】
【分析】
本文是一篇说明文。文章通过科学研究来说明猩猩与人类一样，随着年龄变大，他们所交的朋友类型也会发生变化，年老时喜欢选择少数几个亲近的又积极活跃的朋友。
31．
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：除了白发和皮肤起皱外，还有随年龄增长而来的情绪变化。A. physical身体的；B. intellectual智力的；C. emotional感情的；D. functional实用的。根据“According to an idea in psychology known as socio-emotional selectivity theory, older humans prefer more 13 relationships because they are aware that time is running out.”可知，人类随年龄增长而带来情绪变化。故选C。
32．
考查名词词义辨析。句意：当人到了晚年，他们更喜欢长期的朋友，他们的社交圈减少了。A. habits习惯；B. friends朋友；C. tasks任务；D. ideas想法。根据“Twenty years of observations of chimpanzees (猩猩) reveal that older males choose to keep contact with their 4 friends at the expense of other relationships.”可知，当人到了晚年更喜欢长期的朋友。故选B。
33．
考查名词词义辨析。句意：现在，科学家们似乎首次在另一个物种身上发现了同样的行为。A. problem问题；B. obstacle障碍；C. struggle奋斗；D. behaviour行为。根据“Twenty years of observations of chimpanzees (猩猩) reveal that older males choose to keep contact with their 4 friends at the expense of other relationships.”可知，科学家发现黑猩猩的行为和人类的行为相似。故选D。
34．
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：对黑猩猩长达20年的观察表明，年长的雄性选择与已有的朋友保持联系，而牺牲其他关系。A. established建立的；B. respective各自的；C. experienced有经验的；D. thoughtful体贴的。根据“at the expense of other relationships.”可知，年长的黑猩猩选择与已建立关系的朋友保持联系而牺牲其他关系。故选A。
35．
考查名词词义辨析。句意：研究人员研究了1996年至2016年期间进行的7.8万个小时的观察，这些观察跟踪了21只15至58岁雄性黑猩猩的社会互动。A. skills技巧；B. reputations名声；C. interactions相互作用；D. positions位置。根据“The researchers studied 78,000 hours of observations made between 1996 and 2016”可知，研究人员跟踪研究了黑猩猩的社会互动。故选C。
36．
考查名词词义辨析。句意：他们根据黑猩猩与其他黑猩猩坐在一起和为它们梳理毛发的时间长短来划分黑猩猩之间的关系。A. intelligence智力；B. relationships关系；C. popularity流行；D. performances表现。根据“They then rated (分类) the various pairings as mutual (相互的) friendships, where both chimps seemed to enjoy the relationship;”可知，研究人员通过观察来了解黑猩猩之间的关系。故选B。
37．
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：单方面的友谊，其中一只黑猩猩比另一只更愿意成为朋友。A. easy-going随和的；B. warm-hearted热心的；C. self-relying自力更生的；D. one-sided片面的。根据“where one chimp was more keen to be friends than the other;”可知，这是单方面的友谊。故选D。
38．
考查短语词义辨析。句意：以及非友谊，即两只黑猩猩都没有对对方表现出兴趣。A. respect for尊敬；B. courage to勇气；C. interest in兴趣；D. loyalty to忠诚。show interest in对……有兴趣。根据“ 7 friendships, where one chimp was more keen to be friends than the other;”和“and non-friendships,”可知，两只黑猩猩没有友谊就对彼此之间没有兴趣。故选C。
39．
考查名词词义辨析。句意：当科学家们观察友谊的模式时，他们发现年长的黑猩猩比年轻的黑猩猩有更多的共同友谊，而更少的是单方面的友谊。A. patterns模式；B. importance重要性；C. meanings意义；D. development发展。根据“they found that the older chimps had more mutual friendships and fewer one-sided friendships than younger chimps.”可知，这里指科学家们观察黑猩猩的友谊模式。故选A。
40．
考查名词词义辨析。句意：老年人类的另一个特征也出现在黑猩猩身上。A. instinct直觉；B. disadvantage缺点；C. feature特色；D. belief信念。根据“Now, for what appears to be the first time, scientists have seen the same 3 in another species.”可知，这里指研究人员发现老年人类的另一个特征也出现在黑猩猩身上。故选C。
41．
考查名词词义辨析。句意：随着雄性年龄的增长，它们的攻击性会逐渐减弱，这意味着它们开始很少打架，也不会经常威胁群体中的其他成员。A. responsibility责任；B. aggression侵犯；C. reliability可靠性；D. advancement进步。根据“meaning they started fewer fights and tended to threaten others in their group less often.”可知，雄性黑猩猩随着年龄的增长攻击性会逐渐减弱。故选B。
42．
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这些观察让研究人员感到困惑。A. delighted高兴的；B. amused愉快的；C. relived再生的；D. puzzled困惑的。根据“According to an idea in psychology known as socio-emotional selectivity theory, older humans prefer more 13 relationships because they are aware that time is running out. However many animal experts argue that chimpanzees 14 the human sense of mortality (死亡), suggesting something else is driving the behaviour.”可知，研究人员对这些观察感到困惑。故选D。
43．
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：根据心理学上被称为社会情感选择性理论的观点，老年人更喜欢积极的关系，因为他们意识到时间不多了。A. unknown未知的；B. positive积极的；C. insecure不安全的；D. senseless无意义的。根据“because they are aware that time is running out.”可知，老年人因为意识到时间不多了，更喜欢积极的关系。故选B。
44．
考查动词词义辨析。句意：然而，许多动物专家认为，黑猩猩缺乏人类的死亡意识，这表明有其他因素驱动着这种行为。A. lack缺乏；B. obtain获得；C. imitate仿效；D. abandon抛弃。根据“suggesting something else is driving the behaviour.”可知，动物专家认为黑猩猩缺乏人类的死亡意识。故选A。
45．
考查介词短语辨析。句意：牛津大学进化心理学教授罗宾·邓巴表示，就人类而言，随着年龄的增长，社交圈的减少是由于缺少机会，人们走出去和他人见面的动机下降。A. absence from缺；B. isolation from疏远；C. decrease in减少；D. distinction in区分。根据“due to declining social motivation to get out and meet people combined by lack of opportunity.”可知，人类随着年龄的增长，社交圈的减少是由于缺乏机会而减少的。故选C。
46．C
47．D
48．A
49．B
50．B
51．A
52．C
53．D
54．D
55．B
56．C
57．C
58．B
59．A
60．A
【解析】
【分析】
本文是一篇议论文。文章主要介绍表达不确定性的词会影响你的影响力，鼓励人们像狐狸一样考虑不同的方法和观点，并把它们结合成不同的结论。
46．
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：如果Al-powered“微软编辑”认为你听起来不够果断，它很快会给你一个警告：“表达不确定性的词语会降低你的影响力。” A. timid胆小的；B. reasonable合理的；C. decisive决定性的；D. mature成熟的。根据“Type the words “kind of’ or “perhaps” into an email in Microsoft Outlook and the program might well tell you to think again.”和“it will soon give you a word of warning：“Words expressing uncertainty will lessen your impact.””可知，你输入电子邮件的内容不够果断。故选C。
47．
考查动词词义辨析。句意：如果Al-powered“微软编辑”认为你听起来不够果断，它很快会给你一个警告：“表达不确定性的词语会降低你的影响力。”A. assess评估；B. reverse改变；C. enhance提高；D. lessen减少。根据“If the Al-powered “Microsoft Editor” judges that you are not sounding 1 enough, it will soon give you a word of warning：”可知，表达不确定性的词语会降低你的影响力。故选D。
48．
考查动词词义辨析。句意：我们生活在一个奖励那些充满信心的人的世界——即使是在错误的时候——给那些承认怀疑的人很少表现的机会。A. rewards奖励；B. relaxes放松；C. confuses使困惑；D. weakens削弱。根据“even when that is misplaced-and gives very little opportunity to perform to those who 4 doubt.”可知，自信地说话的人会得到激励。故选A。
49．
考查动词词义辨析。句意：我们生活在一个奖励那些充满信心的人的世界——即使是在错误的时候——给那些承认怀疑的人很少表现的机会。 A. eliminate消除；B. acknowledge承认；C. emphasize强调；D. conceal隐藏。根据“We live in a world that 3 those who speak with confidence-even when that is misplaced”可知，这里与那些充满信心的人对比，指承认怀疑的人。故选B。
50．
考查副词词义辨析。句意：《喋喋不休的未来》一书的作者丹•加德纳说：“因为这是一种心理上的满足，也就是说，让我为你扫除不确定性吧。”A. physically生理上；B. psychologically心理上；C. politically政治上地；D. professionally专业地。根据“That’s saying let me sweep away the uncertainty for you”可知，自信和不确定性都是心理上的。故选B。
51．
考查名词词义辨析。句意：研究表明，人类的大脑是“编程”讨厌不确定性：2016年的一项研究发现，当志愿者电击，他们的压力水平最高，当他们不知道他们是否会是由甚至比的给定一个轮冲击波受试者被告知他们肯定会得到一个。A. uncertainty不确定；B. confidence自信；C. dishonesty不诚实；D. stress压力。根据“That’s saying let me sweep away the uncertainty for you”可知，人类的大脑是“编程”也讨厌不确定性。故选A。
52．
考查副词词义辨析。句意：研究表明,人类的大脑被“编程”讨厌不确定性：2016年的一项研究发现，当志愿者被电击时，他们的压力水平最高，当他们不知道他们是否会是由甚至比的给定一个轮冲击波受试者被告知他们肯定会得到一个。A. readily容易地；B. fortunately幸运地；C. definitely当然地；肯定地； D. probably可能地。根据“they had no idea whether they were going to be given a shock-higher even than subjects”可知，这里与不确定性进行对比，所以是肯定地。故选C。
53．
考查名词词义辨析。句意：我们首先应该知道，虽然听起来很自信的专家可能给了我们大脑想要的东西，但他们提供的安慰可能是错误的。A. desire欲望；B. depression沮丧；C. shock震惊；D. relief安慰。根据“confident-sounding experts might be giving us what our brains desire,”可知，专家给我们的大脑提供了想要的东西，即安慰。故选D。
54．
考查短语词义辨析。句意：相反，刺猬倾向于通过一个单一的定义概念来看待世界。A. For instance例如；B. In addition此外；C. Even so即便如此；D. In contrast相反。根据“Foxes consider all sorts of different approaches sand perspectives, and combine those into distinct conclusions.”可知，与狐狸考虑了各种不同的方法和观点不同，刺猬是相反的，即只考虑一个单一的概念。故选D。
55．
考查形容词比较级词义辨析。句意：这使得“刺猬”预测能力更差，但更有可能得到关注。 A. funnier更可笑的；B. worse更糟糕的；C. less confident不自信的；D. more reliable更可靠的。根据“hedgehogs tend to view the world through the lens of one single defining idea.”可知，“刺猬”预测能力更差。故选B。
56．
考查名词词义辨析。句意：也许我们更关心的不是真相，而是享受一种安全感，不管这种安全感多么短暂。A. achievement成就；B. responsibility责任；C. security安全；D. justice公正。结合前文“刺猬”看待世界的方法可知，人们大多是享受目前的一种安全感。故选C。
57．
考查名词词义辨析。句意：加德纳建议给演讲者贴上某种先前预测的记录，就像我们收到赛马或棒球运动员的表现统计数据一样。A. approaches方法；B. attention注意；C. predictions预测；D. significance重要性。根据“we are given performance statistics for racehorses or baseball players.”可知，加德纳建议给演讲者者加上某种先前预测的记录。故选C。
58．
考查动词词义辨析。句意：高度自信的陈述也会加剧两极分化，鼓励别人在表达不同意见时用同样的语言回应。A. prohibit禁止；B. promote提升；C. sacrifice牺牲；D. separate分开。根据“encouraging others to respond in the same kind of language when they disagree.”可知，高度自信的陈述会加剧两极分化。故选B。
59．
考查名词词义辨析。句意：政治学家丹尼尔•德雷兹纳表示，人们自然会倾向于以同样坚定的态度予以回击。A. firmness坚定；B. encouragement鼓励；C. carefulness细心；D. statement声明。根据“Highly confident statements also 13 polarization（两极化）, encouraging others to respond in the same kind of language when they disagree.”可知，人们会以坚定的态度予以回击。故选A。
60．
考查名词词义辨析。句意：是时候对狐狸给予更多的关注了吗?A. foxes狐狸；B. hedgehogs刺猬；C. forecasters预报员；D. scientists科学家。根据前文“Psychologist Philip Tetlock divided up forecasters into “foxes” and “hedgehogs”. Foxes consider all sorts of different approaches sand perspectives, and combine those into distinct conclusions.”结合之前讲述了“刺猬”可知，此处表示考虑狐狸的观点。故选A。
61．C
62．B
63．A
64．B
65．C
66．A
67．A
68．B
69．B
70．C
71．B
72．D
73．B
74．B
75．A
【解析】
【分析】
这是一篇议论文。文章讲述了，当今男女教育不平等，女孩们缺少基本网络技能的现状，其原因，结果和解决措施，强调没有政府的帮助，技术变革的大部分好处只有男人才能享受，从而加剧性别的不平等。
61．
考查动词词义辨析。句意：今天，在使用数字技术方面，女孩得不到基础教育的情况更加恶化，使她们远远落后于男孩。A. improved提高；B. eliminated消灭；C. worsened恶化；D. resulted发生。由下文的“when it comes to the use of digital technology, leaving them far behind boys”，可知在使用数字技术方面，女孩远远落后于男孩，说明女孩得不到基础教育的情况在更加恶化。故选C项。
62．
考查副词词义辨析。句意：由于世界越来越数字化，那些缺少基本互联网技能的人将越来越难以参与正规经济、获得高质量的教育、获得医疗保健、信息和心理社会支持，也越来越难以听到自己的声音。A. considerately体贴地；B. increasingly越来越多地；C. only只有；D. technically技术上。由上文的“because the world is ever more digital”可知，是由于世界越来越数字化，缺少基本互联网技能的人才会在社会上越来越难。故选B项。
63．
考查动词词义辨析。句意：由于世界越来越数字化，那些缺少基本互联网技能的人将越来越难以参与正规经济、获得高质量的教育、获得医疗保健、信息和心理社会支持，也越来越难以听到自己的声音。A. access使用；B. approach靠近；C. evaluate评估；D. promote提高。由“health care”可知，此处指使用（获得）医疗保健。故选A项。
64．
考查副词词义辨析。句意：更糟糕的是，生活在最贫穷国家的妇女和女孩上网的可能性比男子和男孩低31%。A. However然而；B. Worse更糟糕地；C. And并且；D. Strangely奇怪地。由上文的“Since 2013 the global gender gap in male and female access to the Internet has actually increased from 11 to 12 percent.”和下文的“women and girls living in the poorest countries are 31 percent less 5 than men and boys to have access to the Internet”可知，上文陈述了自2013年以来，全球男女上网的性别差距实际上从11%增加到了12%，后文讲生活在最贫穷国家的妇女和女孩上网的可能性比男子和男孩低31%，说明数字性别差距的情况更加糟糕。故选B项。
65．
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：更糟糕的是，生活在最贫穷国家的妇女和女孩上网的可能性比男子和男孩低31%。A. possible（客观上）可能的；B. probable（有充分的依据或者理由）很可能发生的；C. likely（暗示有较大的）可能的；D. feasible可行的。由上文语境可知，全球男女上网的性别差距实际上从11%增加到了12%，而此处讲最贫穷国家的妇女和女孩上网的可能性问题，possible和probable可用物或it作主语，一般不用人来作主语；而likely可以用人或物或it来作主语，本句主语是人women and girls living in the poorest countries，用likely。故选C项。
66．
考查名词词义辨析。句意：这一数字差距正在扩大，如果按目前的速度继续下去，预计75%以上的妇女和女孩将缺少互联网接入和数字技能。A. gap差距；B. difference不同；C. data数据；D. shortage短缺。由标题“A Need to Close the Digital Gender Gap”和本段上文可知，全球男女上网的性别差距实际上从11%增加到了12%，生活在最贫穷国家的妇女和女孩上网的可能性比男子和男孩低31%，在发展中国家，拥有手机的妇女比男子少2亿左右，说明数字性别差距正在扩大。故选A项。
67．
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这一数字差距正在扩大，如果按目前的速度继续下去，预计75%以上的妇女和女孩将缺少互联网接入和数字技能。A. digital数字的；B. technical技术上的；C. mathematical数学的；D. practical实际上。由标题“A Need to Close the Digital Gender Gap”和本段上文可知，文章在讲，相对于男性，女性在数字科技上缺少接触的机会，造成了数字性别差距，如果差距一直扩大，不会上网的女性会缺少数字技能。故选A项。
68．
考查名词词义辨析。句意：其中包括女孩明显被排除在基础教育之外，被排除在特定的技术教育和设计之外，设备和互联网接入费用高昂，与妇女和女孩有关的内容匮乏，以及社会文化偏见和歧视，例如阻碍妇女在网上和网下自由和私下发言的障碍。A. restriction限制；B. exclusion排斥；C. independence独立；D. division分开。由上文的“Today, girls’ lack of access to basic education”和“There are many causes for the digital gender gap.”可知，此处在讲造成数字性别差距的原因，女孩得不到基础教育，说明女孩明显被排除在基础教育之外了。故选B项。
69．
考查名词词义辨析。句意：其中包括女孩明显被排除在基础教育之外，被排除在特定的技术教育和设计之外，设备和互联网接入费用高昂，与妇女和女孩有关的内容匮乏，以及社会文化偏见和歧视，例如阻碍妇女在网上和网下自由和私下发言的障碍。A. implements工具；B. devices装置；C. products产品；D. experts专家。由本处的“both 9 and Internet access”可知，此处指设备和互联网接入的事情。故选B项。
70．
考查名词词义辨析。句意：其中包括女孩明显被排除在基础教育之外，被排除在特定的技术教育和设计之外，设备和互联网接入费用高昂，与妇女和女孩有关的内容匮乏，以及社会文化偏见和歧视，例如阻碍妇女在网上和网下自由和私下发言的障碍。A. research研究；B. criticism批评；C. discrimination歧视；D. distinction区别。由上文的“socio-cultural biases and”可知，此处选择内容应与“对女性的社会文化偏见”有关，“歧视”符合语境。故选C项。
71．
考查动词词义辨析。句意：事实上，女孩学习如何获取和使用数字技术可能被阻止的一个最隐伏的原因也是毫无根据的：女孩根本不擅长使用技术。A. encouraged鼓励；B. prevented阻止；C. denied否定；D. disappointed使失望。由上文语境可知，本段主要讲，因为女孩明显被排除在基础教育之外，被排除在特定的技术教育和设计之外，设备和互联网接入费用高昂等原因，女性就被阻止获取和使用数字技术，导致数字性别差距变大。故选B项。
72．
考查名词词义辨析。句意：国际可持续发展研究所是一个独立、非营利和非政府的研究组织，它认为，性别数字差距是妇女获得经济权力和参与经济的一个主要障碍。A. deadlock僵局；B. concern担心；C. prevention阻止；D. barrier障碍。由上文的“difficult to participate in the formal economy, to obtain a quality education, to 3 health care, information and psychosocial support, and to have their voices heard”，“over 75 percent of women and girls will lack Internet access and 7 skills”和语境可知，由于各种原因，女性被阻止获取和使用数字技术，她们不会数字技能，也越来越难以听到自己的声音，对于女性获得经济权力和参与经济肯定是一个主要障碍。故选D项。
73．
考查介词词义辨析。句意：如果不大力增加政策努力和投资，技术变革的大部分好处将只能由男子享受，从而加剧两性不平等。A. With有；B. Without没有；C. Through通过；D. Despite尽管。由本处语境可知，此处用Without，表示如果不大力增加政策努力和投资，技术变革的大部分好处将只能由男子享受，从而加剧两性不平等。故选B项。
74．
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这也导致了经济增长和创新的丧失，经济增长和创新只有在男女平等获得技术和经济的情况下，这才有可能实现。A. faint不清楚的；B. lost失去的；C. missed错过；D. rapid快速的。由上文的“ 13 a major increase of policy effort and investment, most of the benefits of technological change will be enjoyed only by men, worsening gender inequality.”可知，上文在讲如果不对女性数字教育大力增加政策努力和投资的糟糕后果，即加剧两性不平等、经济增长和创新的丧失。故选B项。
75．
考查动词词义辨析。句意：用美国国际开发署高级性别问题协调员米歇尔·贝克林的话来说，“一个女孩的未来不应该由她的性别来决定，而应该由她对努力工作的承诺和获得成功所需资源的能力来决定。”A. defined决定；B. confined限制；C. designed设计；D. outlined概述。由本处语境可知，此处在讲女孩未来由什么决定。故选A项。
76．B
77．D
78．A
79．C
80．A
81．B
82．D
83．C
84．A
85．B
86．C
87．A
88．C
89．A
90．D
【解析】
【分析】
本文为一篇议论文，作者在文中议论了拳击运动的积极和消极的两个方面，且表达了对于侵略性运动的不认同。
【详解】
1.考查动词词义辨析。句意：报纸、杂志和电视上的体育节目经常报道拳击比赛。A. broadcast播送（电视或无线电节目）；B. cover报道；C. host举办；D. design设计。根据本句中“Newspapers, magazines and sports programmes on TV”可知，此处报纸，杂志和电视上的体育节目经常报道拳击比赛。故选B项。
2.考查动词词义辨析。句意：职业拳击手赚很多钱，而成功的拳击手则被视为大英雄。A. kept保持；B. individualized个性化；C. thought认为；D. treated对待。根据“as big heroes”可知，此处表示被视作大英雄，用be treated as。故选D项。
3.考查形容词词义辨析。句意：在我看来，有些人，尤其是男性，觉得它很有吸引力，因为它是一项有攻击性的运动。A. appealing吸引人的；B. subjective主观的；C. violent暴力的；D. challenging有挑战性的。根据下一句内容“When they watch a boxing match, they can 4 the winning boxer, and this gives them the feeling of being a 5 themselves.”可以推测，一些男性喜欢这类有攻击性的节目，觉得它们有吸引力。故选A项。
4.考查动词短语辨析。句意：当他们观看一场拳击比赛时，他们会认同获胜的拳击手，这让他们有一种自己也是赢家的感觉。A.pick up捡起；B. believe in信任；C. identify with认同……；D. long for渴望。根据“and this gives them the feeling of being a 5 themselves. ”推测，拳击运动让男性有认同感。故选C项。
5.考查名词词义辨析。句意同上。A. winner获胜者；B. spectator观众，旁观者；C. inspector检查员；D. trainer训练者。根据语境，结合“the winning boxer”可知，此处表示男性有一种自己成为赢家的感觉。故选A项。
6.考查名词词义辨析。句意：事实是，许多人不时地有攻击性，但他们不能在日常生活中表现出来。A. ambition野心；B. aggression攻击性；C. energy能量；D. strength力气。根据“have feelings of aggression”可知，此处表示许多人不时的有攻击性。故选B项。
7.考查形容词词义辨析。句意：然而，拳击也有消极的一面。A. positive积极的；B. indifferent冷漠的；C. deadly致命的；D. negative消极的。根据后一句“It can be a very dangerous sport. ”并结合“However”可知，此处表示拳击有消极的一面。故选D项。
8.考查副词词义辨析。句意：尽管拳击运动员在比赛中戴手套，业余拳击运动员甚至必须戴头盔，但在职业拳击和业余拳击比赛中经常会发生事故，有时还会带来令人吃惊的后果。A. otherwise否则，另外；B. somehow不知怎么的；C. even甚至；D. barely仅仅，几乎不。根据“and amateur boxers”可知，业余拳击运动员比专业的拳击运动员装备要更安全，even甚至，符合题意。故选C项。
9.考查形容词词义辨析。句意同上。A. dramatic戏剧性的，令人吃惊的；B. eye-catching引人注目的；C. emotional情绪的，容易激动的；D. special特殊的。结合“consequences”和“Boxers have suffered from head injuries, and occasionally, fighters have even been killed as a result of being knocked out in the 10 .”可知，此处表示拳击有时能带来令人吃惊的后果。故选A项。
10.考查名词词义辨析。句意：有些拳击手头部受伤，有时甚至会因为在拳击场上被击倒而死亡。A. court法院，球场；B. ring 圆形表演场（或竞技场）；C. pitch场地，球场；D. yard院子。此处表示“拳击场”用 ring。故选B项。
11.考查名词词义辨析。句意：此外，研究表明，拳击经常会有长期的影响，表现为严重的脑损伤，即使拳击手从未被击倒过。A. loss损失；B. drain消耗；C. damage损害；D. disorder失调。此处表示“脑损伤”用brain damage，为固定搭配。故选C项。
12.考查固定短语辨析。句意：我个人一点也不喜欢像拳击这样具有侵略性的运动。A. in favour of赞成；B. in process of在……的进程中；C. in charge of掌控，管理；D. in power of在……的影响下。根据“not at all”和“I think it would be better if less time was 13 to aggressive sports on TV, and we welcomed more men and women from non-aggressive sports as our heroes and heroines in our society. I believe that the world is aggressive enough already! ”可知，作者是不赞成攻击性运动的。故选A项。
13.考查动词词义辨析。句意：我认为如果少花点时间在电视上播放攻击性体育节目会更好，我们欢迎更多的非攻击性体育节目中的男女成为我们社会中的英雄。A. shifted轮换；B. transformed改变；C. given给；D. delivered传递。 作者认为，电视上更少的时间被用来播放攻击性的节目会更好。故选C项。
14.考查形容词词义辨析。句意：当然，人们喜欢竞技运动，我也喜欢，但是我认为以攻击性的方式打别人不应该被视为一项运动。A. competitive有竞争力的；B. quiet安静的；C. cooperative合作的；D. regular有规律的。根据“but I think that 15 other people in an aggressive way is not something that should be regarded as a sport.”可知，拳击一类的运动属于有竞争力的运动。故选A项。
15.考查动名词词义辨析。句意同上。A. invading侵略；B. insulting侮辱；C. teasing戏弄；D. hitting击打。本文讲述的运动是拳击，为一项击打运动。故选D项。
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