北京高考英语语法填空练习题

语法填空

阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。

一、I grew up in a remote village. There was no such thing as a book in most families. It was at the school library that I ____1____(discover) the joy of reading. There I spent hours reading whatever attracted my interest. I’m sure I did not understand everything in those books at the time. ____2____ I did understand was the pleasure that good stories offer and the power of books to introduce me to lives and experiences ____3____ my own. I was “hooked on books,” as the saying goes.

二、Wind is one of our cleanest and most abundant power sources. Europe is leading the way in wind power. Nearly 75% of all turbines(风力发电机) ____1____(locate) there. The country that produces the most energy from wind is Germany. However, Germany ___2____(consume) a lot of energy, and wind only supplies about 5% of all its electrical needs. Denmark is the global leader in this field, which uses wind ____3____   (supply) almost 20% of its energy.

三、There are two different ways to think about an old shipwreck(沉船). Some people value its financial worth. They’ve spent a lot of time and money searching for the wreck. When they ____1____(final) find it, they believe that the ship and its contents should be ____2____(they). These people are usually referred to as treasure hunters. For other people, however, a ship ____3____(lie) at the bottom of the sea is a valuable opportunity to study how citizens from past cultures lived and traveled. Those people are marine archaeologists, ____4____ study underwater historical sites.

四、Evan is a wildlife photographer. Once, two tigers ___1___ (run) past him, stopped a meter away from his truck and began to fight. He was too afraid to photograph them. Another time in Namibia, one lion came even ___2___ (close). It went all the way round his truck. Then it got up on the back and looked at him ___3___ the window, which was one of his happiest moments. Evan’s pictures make people think about animals in danger, which matters a great deal to him.

五、Rubbish and litter is not just a problem in the countryside-our cities and towns also suffer. The Big Tidy Up was started in 2008 and volunteers in the UK ___1___(collect) more than 50,000 bags of litter in streets and parks up to now. Many schools organise events in September ___2___(tidy) up their areas. They get help with special jackets, so they are safe when they clean up. The project aims to get bigger each year and get more people to take responsibility for their ___3___(community).

六、Parents these days seem to protect their children more than ever before. And yet the truth is that children must ___1___ (give) the opportunity to take risks in order to aid their development. By the time a child becomes an adult, he needs to learn ___2___ they can deal with the success and failure connected with risk-taking. It is a real shame that nowadays there are many children ___3___ (miss) out on typical childhood activities such as tree climbing. That is mostly because of their parents’ fear of ___4___ (injure), especially as many of those parents may have enjoyed such activities when they were growing up.

七、I can well remember the first time I was asked to deliver a speech before the whole class. You can imagine how shy I was with so many eyes ____1____ (fix) on me. Drafting the speech was a piece of cake for me, but the difficult part lay in oral____2____ (present). The real moment began when I stood on the stage with my legs trembling and my mind blank. But my listeners were waiting patiently without rushing me. Gradually I found myself back, ____3____ (deliver) the speech with difficulty. After____4____ seemed to be a hundred years, I found my audience applauding — I made it!

八、Halfway through his lecture, Eric gave each person a balloon and asked everyone to write their name on it. Later all the balloons were collected. He then asked them to find the balloons that they had their names written ____1____ within five minutes. Everyone was pushing and bumping into each other. It was chaos. At the end of the five minutes, no one could find their own balloon. Now they were asked to randomly collect a balloon and give it to the person ____2____ name was on it. Within two minutes everyone got his own balloon. Psychologists argue our happiness sometimes ____3____ (lie) in the happiness of others. You will get your own by giving them theirs.

九、Pixar is one of the world’s ____1____ (famous) and successful film studios. ____2____ (it) latest animated film, Soul, was released last November. Soul tells the story of Joe Gardner, an aspiring jazz musician living in New York. One day, after an accident, Gardner ends up in the Great Before—a place where souls must “find their spark” before entering a human body. When Gardner ____3____ (give) the job of mentoring a soul called 22, he tries to find his way back to Earth.

十、Blind boxes are popular with the young people nowadays. Archaeological blind boxes ____1____ (make) by several museums in China are trending on a major online shopping platform. The idea ____2____ (receive) wildly by many fans ever since it was released. Most of the blind boxes are sold out as soon as they are restocked every day. “You don't know how difficult archaeology is until you’ve done it yourself,” a buyer said, expressing her admiration ____3____ archaeologists and recommending that everyone try it.

十一、After a two-week-long trip to China, Dar became a skillful user of WeChat, an application that almost every Chinese would use in their daily life. During his stay in Beijing, Dar ____1____ (recommend) his family and friends to download WeChat so that they could contact through free WeChat video calls. And via the function of translation, Dar found it easy and efficient ____2____ (understand) what his friends were saying. As one of the many Chinese innovations nowadays, WeChat is only a glimpse of the energy and ___3____ (create) in today’s China.

十二、Smartphones are becoming more and more of a necessity for high school students. Therefore, a discussion was held about ____1____ the senior school students should use our smartphones at school. People ____2____ (support) the idea consider it convenient to contact the students’ parents when necessary. However, people who are against it find some students are addicted to playing the smartphones easily, ____3____ effect on their studies is quite worrying. It is even ___4____ (bad) that smartphones can also discourage students’ will.

十三、The carrier rocket sent a Shenzhou-II spacecraft with astronauts Chen Dong and Jing Haipeng into space. The rocket was fired ___1___ the Jiuquan Satellite Launch Center in the Gobi desert. After two days in Earth's orbit, the spacecraft was to link up with China's space laboratory,___2___ (know) as the Tiankong-2, ___3___ name means “Heavenly Palace 2”. The lab ___4___ (place) into orbit last month.

十四、There was a farmer who always sold a pound of butter to a baker. One day the baker decided to weigh the butter to see if he was getting a pound and found that he was not. This angered him, so he took the farmer to court. The judge asked the farmer ___1___   he had a __2___ (measure) tool. The farmer replied, “I have a pair of scale. I have been buying a pound of bread from him. When the baker __3__ (bring) me the bread, I always put it on my scale and give him the same weight of butter.”

十五、The year 2018 marks the 40th anniversary of China’s reform and opening-up. The past four decades has seen China shift its society from a farmers’ community to a digital culture ___1___ (successful). Under the leadership of CPC, many ___2___ (achievement) can be seen in every field. The life of the Chinese people has improved, with millions of people being lifted out of poverty. The country now has the world’s ____3____ (large) high-speed rail network. And with around 800 million Internet users, China has become the world’s fastest-growing online shopping market.

参考答案：

一、1．discovered2．What3．beyond

1．考查一般过去时。句意：是在学校图书馆我发现了阅读的乐趣。根据“It was at the school library”可知，此处应用一般过去时。故填discovered。

2．考查主语从句。句意：我真正理解的是，好故事带给我的愉悦，以及书籍的力量，它向我介绍超越我自己的生活和经历。从句在was前作主语，所以是主语从句。在主语从句中缺少understand的宾语，且是指事情，所以应用what引导。故填What。

3．考查介词。句意：我真正理解的是，好故事带给我的愉悦，以及书籍的力量，它向我介绍超越我自己的生活和经历。此处是指书籍向“我”介绍的生活和经历都是“我”自己没有的，所以是超越“我”自己的生活和经历，应用介词beyond表示“超越”。故填beyond。

二、1．are located2．consumes3．to supply

1．考查被动语态和一般现在时。句意：将近75%的涡轮机位于那里。根据“Europe is leading the way in wind power.”（欧洲在风力发电方面处于领先地位。）可知，此处应用一般现在时。动词locate意为“位于”，和主语Nearly 75% of all turbines构成被动关系。主语Nearly 75% of all turbines为复数。故填are located。

2．考查一般现在时和主谓一致。句意：然而，德国消耗了大量的能源，风能只能满足其全部电力需求的5%。文章讲述现在的事实，所以应用一般现在时。主语Germany为第三人称单数。故填consumes。

3．考查动词不定式。句意：丹麦是这一领域的全球领导者，风力供应了其近20%的能源。使用风力是为了供应能源，所以应用to do不定式表目的。故填to supply。

三、1．Finally2．theirs3．lying4．who

1．考查副词。句意：当他们最终找到它时，他们相信这艘船和里面的东西应该是他们的。修饰动词find应用副词。故填finally。

2．考查名词性物主代词。句意：当他们最终找到它时，他们相信这艘船和里面的东西应该是他们的。此处作表语应用名词性物主代词。故填theirs。

3．考查现在分词。句意：然而，对另一些人来说，一艘沉在海底的船是研究过去文化中的公民如何生活和旅行的宝贵机会。动词lie意为“躺”，和主语ship构成主动关系，所以应用现在分词作定语。故填lying。

4．考查定语从句。句意：这些人是海洋考古学家，研究水下历史遗迹。非限制性定语从句中缺少主语，且先行词为marine archaeologists，所以应用关系代词who引导。故填who。

四、1．ran2．closer3．through

1．考查一般过去时。句意：有一次，两只老虎从他身边跑过，停在离他的卡车一米远的地方，开始打架。根据once（曾经）可知，此处应用一般过去时，和下文的stopped以及began作为并列的谓语动词。故填ran。

2．考查比较级。句意：还有一次在纳米比亚，一只狮子更靠近了。在even后应用比较级。故填closer。

3．考查介词。句意：然后它爬上车后面，透过窗户看着他，这是他最快乐的时刻之一。根据“It went all the way round his truck”（它一直绕着他的卡车）可知，这只狮子在车外面，所以此处是指透过窗户看着他，应用介词through。故填through。

五、1．have collected2．to tidy3．communities

1．考查动词时态。句意：“大清洁”活动始于2008年，到目前为止，英国的志愿者已经在街道和公园里收集了5万多袋垃圾。根据后文“up to now”可知，应用现在完成时，主语为volunteers，助动词用have。故填have collected。

2．考查非谓语动词。句意：许多学校在九月组织活动来整理他们的区域。分析句子结构可知，tidy在句中应用非谓语动词形式，此处作目的状语，应用不定式。故填to tidy。

3．考查名词的数。句意：该项目旨在每年扩大规模，让更多的人为他们的社区承担责任。 community为可数名词，根据上文their可知，数量大于一，应用复数形式。故填communities。

六、1．be given2．how3．missing4．injury

1．考查被动语态和情态动词用法。句意：然而，事实是，为了帮助孩子们的发展，必须给他们冒险的机会。动词give和主语children构成被动关系，在情态动词must后应用动词原形。故填be given。

2．考查宾语从句。句意：当一个孩子长大成人后，他需要学习如何处理与冒险有关的成功和失败。在宾语从句中，不缺少主语、宾语或表语，根据learn可知，此处是指如何处理与冒险有关的成功和失败，应用连接副词how表示“如何”。故填how。

3．考查现在分词。句意：现在有许多孩子错过了像爬树这样典型的童年活动，这是一件令人遗憾的事情。动词miss意为“错过”，和逻辑主语children构成主动关系，所以应用现在分词作后置定语。故填missing。

4．考查名词。句意：这主要是因为他们的父母害怕受伤，尤其是这些父母在成长过程中可能已经享受过这样的活动。在of后作宾语应用名词injury表示“伤害”。故填injury。

七、1．fixed2．presentation3．delivering4．what

1.句意：你可以想象当那么多双眼睛盯着我的时候我是多么的害羞。分析句子可知，句子中含有with复合结构，构成“with+宾语+分词”结构，eyes和fix为逻辑上的被动关系，用fix的过去分词形式作宾语补足语。故填fixed。

2.句意：起草演讲稿对我来说是小菜一碟，但困难的部分在于口头表达。分析句子可知，空处缺少名词，与oral一起构成短语作in的宾语。present“陈述”，名词形式为presentation。故填presentation。

3.句意：渐渐地，我发现自己恢复了常态，困难地进行演讲。分析句子结构可知，空处作句子的状语，且逻辑主语I与deliver为主动关系，此处用动词的现在分词delivering作句子的伴随状语。故填delivering。

4.句意：在好像过了一百年之后，我发现观众在为我鼓掌——我成功了！分析句子结构可知，after“在……之后”为时间介词，后面缺少介词的宾语；seems为谓语动词，因此，此句为宾语从句，从句中缺少主语成分，用what引导宾语从句。故填what。

八、1．on2．whose3．lies

1．考查介词。句意：然后，他要求他们在五分钟内找到写有自己名字的气球。呼应上文“asked everyone to write their name on it”指在气球表面写下自己的名字，应用介词on。故填on。

2．考查定语从句。句意：现在他们被要求随机收集一个气球，并把它给上面有名字的人。此处为定语从句修饰先行词person，先行词在从句中作定语，故用关系代词whose引导。故填whose。

3．考查时态。句意：心理学家认为，我们的幸福有时在于别人的幸福。根据上文“”可知为一般现在时，主语为happiness，谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。故填lies。

九、1．most famous2．Its3．is given

1．考查形容词最高级。句意：皮克斯是世界上最著名和最成功的电影制片厂之一。此处为“one of+形容词最高级+可数名词复数形式”，表示“最……之一”，famous最高级前面添加most。故填most famous。

2．考查代词。句意：它的最新动画电影《心灵奇旅》于去年11月上映。修饰后文名词film应用形容词性物主代词its，句首单词首字母要大写。故填Its。

3．考查动词时态语态。句意：当Gardner得到指导一个名叫22的灵魂的工作时，他试图找到返回地球的路。根据后文“he tries”可知应用一般现在时，且主语与谓语动词构成被动关系，故用一般现在时的被动语态，主语为Gardner，谓语用单数。故填is given。

十、1．made

2．has been received

3．for

1．考查非谓语动词。句意：中国几家博物馆制作的考古盲盒正在一个主要网购平台上流行。空处应用非谓语形式，动词make和逻辑主语boxes之间是动宾关系，应用过去分词作定语。故填made。

2．考查时态、语态和主谓一致。句意：这个想法一经发布就受到了众多粉丝的热烈欢迎。由“since it was released”可知，句子用现在完成时，且主语The idea和谓语动词receive之间是被动关系，应用被动语态，主语是名词单数，故填has been received。

3．考查介词。句意：“直到你自己做过，你才会知道考古学家有多么不容易。” 一位买家说，她对考古学家表示钦佩，并建议每个人都试一试。express one’s admiration for sb.表示“表达对某人的钦佩之情”，固定搭配。故填for。

十一、1．recommended2．to understand3．creativity

1．考查时态。句意：在北京期间，达尔建议他的家人和朋友下载微信，这样他们就可以通过免费的微信视频电话联系。设空处为谓语动词，陈述过去事情，用一般过去时。故填recommended。

2．考查非谓语动词。句意：通过翻译功能，达尔发现理解朋友们在说什么既简单又有效。固定句型：find + it + 形容词 + to do sth.发现做某事……，其中it是形式宾语，不定式为真正宾语。故填to understand。

3．考查名词。句意：微信作为当今中国众多的创新之一，只是当今中国活力和创造力的冰山一角。介词of后接名词形式，creativity“创造力”，抽象概念，不可数。故填creativity。

十二、1．whether

2．supporting

3．whose

4．worse

1．考查宾语从句。句意：因此，关于高中生是否应该在学校使用手机的一场讨论会被举办。句中出现两个谓语动词was和should use，故该无提示词空格处应填写从句连词。后半句作介词about的宾语，并且句意为“关于应不应该在学校使用手机”，故填whether。

2．考查非谓语动词。句意：支持这一观点的人认为这样在必要时联系父母会很方便。句中已出现谓语动词consider，空处需填非谓语动词作后置定语。Support与前面名词people为主动关系，需用现在分词形式。故填supporting。

3．考查定语从句。句意：然而，反对这一观点的人发现，一些学生很容易沉迷于手机，这对他们学习的消极影响让人担忧。分析句子可知，逗号后为非限定性定语从句，先行词为前面整个主句所表述的现象，关系词在从句中充当定语，故填whose。

4．考查形容词比较级。句意：更糟糕的是，智能手机也消磨学生的意志。此处形容词作表语，空格前的even常置于形容词比较级前强调相差程度。又根据句意可知，比起手机对学习的影响，更糟糕的是它不利于学生坚强意志的培养。故填worse。

十三、1．in2．known3．whose4．was placed

1．考查介词。句意：火箭是在位于戈壁沙漠的酒泉卫星发射中心发射的。结合句意表示“在位于戈壁沙漠的酒泉卫星发射中心”应用介词in。故填in。

2．考查非谓语动词。句意：在地球轨道上飞行两天之后，飞船将与被称为“天宫2号”的中国空间实验室对接。结合句意表示“被称为……”可知短语为be known as，此处省略be动词，用过去分词作定语。故填known。

3．考查定语从句。句意：在地球轨道上飞行两天之后，飞船将与被称为“天宫2号”的中国空间实验室对接。此处为非限制性定语从句修饰先行词Tiankong-2，先行词且在从句中作定语，故用关系代词whose。故填whose。

4．考查动词时态语态。句意：这个实验室上个月被送入轨道。根据时间状语last month可知用一般过去时，且主语lab与谓语动词构成被动关系，故用一般过去时的被动语态，主语为The lab，谓语动词用单数。故填was placed。

十四、1．if/whether2．measuring3．brings

1．考查宾语从句。句意：法官问农夫是否有测量工具。空处引导宾语从句，从句中不缺少成分，表示“是否”应用if或whether引导。故填if/whether。

2．考查形容词。句意：法官问农夫是否有测量工具。修饰后文名词tool，应用形容词measuring，作定语。故填measuring。

3．考查动词时态。句意：当面包师给我拿来面包时，我总是把它放在秤上，给他同样重量的黄油。根据后文“I always put it on my scale”可知从句应用一般现在时，主语为baker，谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。故填brings。

十五、1．successfully2．achievements3．largest

1．考查副词。句意：在过去的四十年里，中国成功地从一个农民社区转型为数字文化社会。shift为动词需要副词修饰，故填successfully。

2．考查名词的数。句意：在中国共产党的领导下，各个领域都取得了许多成就。achievement为可数名词，由many修饰故填复数形式achievements。

3．考查形容词最高级。句意：中国现在拥有世界上最大的高速铁路网。根据上文the world’s可知应用形容词最高级，故填largest。