英语九年级上册（新版）Unit 5 The human brain导学案

这是一份英语九年级上册（新版）Unit 5 The human brain导学案，共12页。学案主要包含了知识拓展，常用搭配，随堂小练，keys，指点迷津，随堂练习，典型错误，正确答案等内容，欢迎下载使用。

牛津上海版9A Unit 5
Words.
1. agree v. 同意
e. g. He agrees with me. 他同意我的意见。
(1)agree with表示“同意……，适合……”，后面一般接人作宾语。
e. g. I said that she'd better finish the work first. But she didn't agree with me.
我说她最好先完成工作，但她不同意我的话。
(2)agree to也表示“同意……”，但其后一般接办法、计划、提议或某事件作宾语。
e. g. We agreed to the plan. 我们同意那个计划。
(3) agree on表示“双方就……达成协议，取得一致意见”。
e. g. We agreed on the question. 我们就这个问题取得了一致意见。

2. injure vt. 损害; 伤害
e. g. There were two people injured in the car accident. 有两个人在车祸中受了伤。
She was injured badly in an accident during the work. 她在一次工伤事故中受了重伤。
(1)injure vt. 损害，伤害，毁坏；指在事故中受到的意外伤害或情感、名誉上的伤害。
e. g. Don't injure his pride(reputation). 不要伤害他的自尊心（名誉）。
(2)hurt vt.＆vi. 使受伤痛，损害，危害，指肉体或精神上的伤害、创伤，强调伤害造成的痛苦。
e. g. It hurts your eyes to read in bed. 在床上看书对眼睛有害。
(3) harm n.＆vt. 伤害；损害，危害，指对人或事物的危害。
e. g. Animals are our friends. We can’t harm them. 动物是人类的朋友，我们不要伤害它们。
(4)damage vt. ＆vi. 损害，毁坏，破坏，指因损害而使之失去使用价值、用途等。
e. g. The acid rain damaged the crops. 酸雨毁坏了庄稼。
(5)wound vt. ＆vi. ＆n. 使受伤，打伤，伤口。指利器或子弹给身体造成的伤害。
e. g. The bullet wounded him in the shoulder. 子弹打伤了他的肩膀。
(6) destroy vt. 破坏，摧毁，毁坏。指有目的有意图地破坏。
e. g. They had destroyed the bridge before the enemy came. 他们在敌人到来之前已经毁坏了这座桥。

3. afterward adv. 然后，后来地
e. g. We saw the film and afterwards walked home together. 我们看了电影后一起走回了家。
【知识拓展】-ward(s)（后缀）
(1)构成形容诃，表示“向……的”；
(2)构成副词，表示“向”。
e. g. forwards向前 backwards向后 downwards向下
upwards向上 northwards向北 southwards向南

4. basic adj. 基本的
e. g. basic data基本数据 basic industry基础工业
The basic reason why he made so many mistakes in his homework is that he didn’t go over his lessons yesterday.
在他的家庭作业中犯这么多错的根本原因是他昨天没有复习功课。
【近义】essential adj. 基本的，必需的
【知识拓展】base n.基础
e. g. She used her family's history as a base for her novel. 她把她一家人的经历作为她小说的素材。

5. improve v. 改善，改进
e. g. He had a haircut to improve his appearance. 为了改变形象，他理了发。
【近义】 get better 转好 progress v. 进步，前进

6. link v. 联结; 联合
e. g. The two towns are linked by a railway. 这两个城镇由一条铁路连接起来。
【常用搭配】link A to B/link A together with B将A和B连接在一起
e. g. The new bridge will link the island fo the mainland.新的桥梁将把该岛与大陆连接在一起。

7.method n. 方法
e. g. The best method of keeping fit is to exercise regularly. 最好的保健方法就是有规律地锻炼。
【指点迷津：method, way】
这两个词都有“方法”或“方式”的意思。
(1) method所表示的“方法”可以指做某件事的具体步骤或程序，也可以指抽象概念“条理”。
e. g. To do this, scientists have to devise methods using radar and underwater television.
为此，科学家还要设计出使用雷达和水下电视的方法。
(2)way是个最通用的且不正式的词，可以用来代替method。由于way常出现在许多固定的词组中，可见这是个使用非常频繁的词，在不少含有way的词组中，使用method或manner等可能表意更准确些，但是那样却损害了生动性。
e. g. He always has his own way. 他总是随心所欲。
此句中的way就是manner的意思，因为说的是“个人喜爱的方式方法”。 另外do sth in this way中的way即method的意思，但并不用method。其他如：In time，all Sam’s money was paid back in this way.最后，山姆的全部钱都是用这种方式付还的。
e. g. The only way to do this was to operate. 要做到这一点的唯一方法就是动手术。
Civilized men like such away of living. 文明人喜欢这样的生活方式。

8. memorize v. 记住，记忆
e. g. He memorized the list of dates, but neglected the main facts corresponding to them.
他记住了那一系列日期，但却忽略了与其有关的主要事实。
【指点迷津：memorize 与remember】
(1) memorize指的是“记住，熟记”，是将原本无记忆的东西通过某种手段而化作记忆。
e. g. Memorize these words and you will have a dictation tomorrow.记住这些单词，明天你们将进行一次听写。
(2) remember指的是“回忆，忆起”，是将原来记忆中的东西挖掘出来。
e. g. Can you remember what happened yesterday? 你还能回想起昨天发生了什么吗？

9. silly adj. 愚蠢的，傻的
e. g. Don’t be silly; that insect won't hurt you. 别傻了，那虫子不会伤你的。
Don’t stand there，you silly ass!别站在那儿，你这笨蛋！
【近义】foolish adj. 愚蠢的，傻的，笨的
【反义】wise adj. 英明的，明智的，聪明的 clever adj. 聪明的，机灵的

10. colourful adj. 鲜艳的；彩色的; 生动的，刺激的
e. g. a colourful shirt 鲜艳的衬衫
a colourful story饶有趣味的故事
She has a rather colourful past. 她过去的生活多姿多彩。
【知识拓展】colour n.颜色
e. g. You need more colour in this room. 你这房间的色调需要丰富些。

11. imagine v. 想象，设想
e. g. Can you imagine what it would be like to live without electricity?
你能想象出生活中没有电会是一幅什么样的情景吗？
I can’t imagine living anywhere but Shanghai. 我很难设想能到上海以外的地方去生活。
【近义】suppose v. 假设，推想，猜想 guess v. 猜测，猜想
【知识拓展】imagination n.想象力，想象
e. g. His writing lacks imagination. 他的写作缺乏想象力。

12. connect v. 联合，连接
e. g. Will you connect this wire to the television? 你要把电线接到电视上吗？
【指点迷津：join, connect】
两个词都含有“联合，结合，接合”的意思。
(1)join常指把明显分离的东西连接起来。
e. g. The new highway has joined the two cities. 新高速公路把那两个城市连接起来。
(2) connect语意较弱，连接的事物通常有直接接触。
e. g. A minor road connects the highways. 一条小路同几条公路相连。

13. dramatic adj. 戏剧性的；生动的
e. g. The meeting between the mother and her son was dramatic indeed. 母子之间的见面真的很有戏剧性。
【知识拓展】drama n.戏剧，戏剧艺术
e. g. My grandma prefers dramas to popular songs. 我奶奶喜欢戏剧而不喜欢流行歌曲。

14. ceremony n. 典礼；仪式
e. g. The wedding ceremony was held on National Day. 婚礼在国庆节举行。
I watched the opening ceremony of the Shanghai World Expo. 我观看了上海世博会的开幕式。
I attended the closing ceremony of Beijing Olympic Games in 2008. 2008年我参加了北京奥运会的闭幕式。
日常表达
1. lose one's memory 失去记忆
e. g. The boy lost his memory after the car accident.车祸后那个男孩失去了记忆。
2. be essential for…对……至关重要
e. g. Memory is essential for life. 记忆在生活中很重要。
Food is essential for life. 食物是维持生命不可或缺的。
3. in hospital住院
e. g. I’ve never been in hospital. 我从未住过院。
4. be angry with sb对某人生气
e. g. He was often angry with his wife because he thought that she never visited him.
因为他认为他妻子从来不看他，所以他经常生他妻子的气。
【指点迷津：be angry with, be angry at】
两者都表示“对……生气”的意思。
(1)前者常表示对“人”生气，后者常表示对“事”或“物”生气。
e. g. The mother was quite angry with the son. 母亲对儿子十分光火。
The guests were quite angry at the terrible service in the restaurant. 顾客对这家饭店差劲的服务质量十分生气。
5. be connected with…=be joined／linked with… 与……相连
e. g. France is connected with Britain by the Channel Tunnel. 英吉利海峡隧道将英国和法国连接在了一起。
That solitary old man was suspected to be connected with the crime. 那个孤独的老头被怀疑与犯罪事件有关。
Memory is connected with our feelings. 记忆力是和我们的情感相联系的。
6. the Olympic Games奥运会
e. g. The next Olympic Games will be held in London. 下届奥运会将在伦敦举行。
The first modern Olympic Games was held in 1896 in Athens. 第一届现代奥运会于1896年在希腊举行。
7. such…as 例如
e. g. Animals such as rabbits and deer continue to be active all winter, finding food wherever they can.
像兔和鹿这样的动物整个冬天都是很活跃的，它们到处寻找食物。
for example，such as和 Iike都可用来举例，但用法有所不同。
(l)for example作“例如”讲时，一般只以同类事物或人中的“一个”为例，作插入语，用逗号隔开，可置于句首、句中或句末。
e. g. For example，air is invisible. 僻如，空气是看不见的。
He，for example，is a good student. 例如，他就是个好学生。
(2)such as也作为“例如”讲，用来列举耐类人或事物中的几个例子。
e. g. Some of the European languags come from Latin, such as French, Italian and Spanish.
有些欧洲语言来源于拉丁语，例如，法语、意大利语和西班牙语。
Boys such as John and James are very friendly. 像约翰和詹姆斯这样的男孩都很友好。
(3)like也常用来表示举例，可与such as互换。但such as用于举例可以分开使用，此时不可与like互换。
e. g. Some warm-blooded animals, like/such as the cat, the dog or the wolf, do not need to hibernate.
一些温血动物，像猫、狗和狼都不需要冬眠。
He has several such reference books as dictionaries and handbooks.他有几本像字典、手册之类的参考书。
8. as well as 也，还；而且
e. g. He grows flowers as well as vegetables. 他既种菜也种花。
(l)as well的同义词为too，意为“也”。
e. g. He can speak French as well. 他也会说法语。
(2)as well as意为“同；和; 也”。用来连接名词和代词等。谓语动词用单数还是用复数形式，要根据as well as前的名词或代词来确定。与动词连用时，用v. -ing形式。as well as的同义词组为not only …but also，但侧重点不同。
e. g. Tom is as strong as Jack. 汤姆和杰克一样结实。
He draws as well as his cousin.他和他表哥画得一样好。
9. in addition另外
e. g. In addition (to the names on the list) there are six other applicants. 除此（名单上的名字）之外，还有六个申请人。
【随堂小练】
Ⅰ. Choose the right word to complete each sentence
1. I often have of my childhood. (memories, memorized)
2. This course will help the students to their spoken English. (improve, prove)
3. Look carefully and you'll see something happen. (dramatically, dramatic)
4. Please send this article to the at once. He'll print it for you. (director, editor)
5. As he is an elderly man, his memory becomes worse and worse. (short-term, long-term)
6. It's very hot. Put the meat into the fridge, or it will go . (badly, bad)
【keys】1. memories 2. improve 3. dramatic 4. editor 5. short-term 6. bad
Ⅱ. Choose the right expression to replace the underlined part in each sentence below
A. put into his memory B. methods C. join; connect
D. dramatic E. making sth get better F. losing your memory
( )1. Teachers adjust their ways of teaching in order to make them fit their students.
( )2. Don't expect anything very exciting will happen.
( )3. He can't memorize everything though he is very bright.
( )4. The medicine can keep you from being unable to remember things.
( )5. We should link theory with practice.
【keys】 l. B 2. D 3. A 4. F 5. C
Important Sentences structures.
1. …, but we can still remember things that happened along time ago.
...that happened a long time ago为定语从句，that为定语从句的引导词。
【知识拓展】在复合句中作定语，修饰主句中某一名词或代词的从句叫做定语从句。被定语从句所修饰的词叫先行词，通常位于定语从句之前。引导定语从句的是关系代词that，which，who( whom，whose)和关系副词when，where，why。关系代词或关系副词位于先行词和定语从句之间，它既起联系作用，又充当从句中的一个成分。定语从句的基本结构为：先行词+关系词+定语从句。
e. g. Do you know the girl who/that is standing under a tree? 你知道站在树下的女孩是谁吗？
She got a computer which／that her parents bought for her. 她有一台电脑，这台电脑是她父母买给她的。
The boy whose father is a doctor studies very hard. 他爸爸是位医生的那个男孩学习非常刻苦。
The classroom whose window is open is mine. 开着窗户的那个教室是我的教室。
I still remember the day when you leave for Beijing. 我仍然记得你去北京的那一天。
This is the school where my mother works. 这就是我妈妈工作的那所学校。
Could you explain the reason why you were late? 你能解释一下你迟到的原因吗？
2. When you get old, three things start to go wrong.
此处get和go都是连系动词，意为“变得”；类似的动词还有turn和become。
【指点迷津】become; get; turn
这几个词作为系动词，都可以表示“变成”之意，但其用法不同。become和get指变化过程已经完成；become比较正式，get则更加口语化。turn指变得与原来完全不同。
e. g. He became very angry. 他变得很生气。
It’s getting dark. 天变黑了。
Her love turned into hate. 她的爱变成了恨。
Leaves turned yellow in autumn. 秋天树叶变黄。
3. If you want to memorize something, you should make a picture in your mind.
If the picture is silly, strange and colorful, you will remember it better.
If someone says…，you will…
画线部分是由if引导的条件状语从句，时态为一般现在时。而主句则使用一般将来时。
e. g. If it rains tomorrow, I'll stay at home. 如果明天下雨，我将呆在家里。
If you feel cold, put on the warm coat. 如果你感到冷，穿上这件暖和的外套。
如表示自然规律，客观事实，主句和从句都为一般现在时。
e. g. If you take a fish out of water, it dies. 如果你让鱼离开水，它会死去。

4. An easy way to do this is to imagine there…
这句话中有两个不定式短语，但它们起的作用不同。to do this作定语修饰An easy way,而to imagine there…在整句话中作的是表语。

5. 单词way在句中的不同意思
(l)One basic way of improving your memory is to use the link method. An easier way to do this is to imagine there is a‘mile’ between the first letter and the last letter.
In this way, you can work out the problem.（方式，方法）
(2)On the way to the office, he came across an old friend.（在去某地的路上）
(3)By the way, have you been there?（顺便问一下）
(4)Water is very important in many ways. （方面）
(5)Excuse me, could you tell me the way to the theatre?（路线）
【随堂练习】
I .Choose the best answer
( )1. Will you go to the Great Wall if it tomorrow?
A. rain B. doesn't rain C. not rain D. won't rain
( )2. Success is connected hard work.
A. with B. to C for D. from
( )3. Good memory by making a picture in your mind.
A. will improve B. will be improved
C. improves D. will be improvemented
( )4. I prefer a walk to in front of the TV.
A. taking; sitting B. to take; sit
C. take；sit D. take; sitting
( )5. The maths teacher is giving a lesson.
He says who can find out a line to________the two triangles.
No one responses.
A. connect with B. link with
C. divide by D. connect
( )6. Some of the wheat is from Canada. What about ?
A. another B. the other C others D the rest
( )7. Don't tell anybody about it. Keep it you and me.
A. among B. between C. in D. with
( )8. —Where is the scientist gave us the talk yesterday?
—He has gone back to Qinghua University.
A. whom B. who C. whose D. which
( )9. On Tree Planting Day, we planed over 100 trees on sides of the road.
A. both B. all C. each D. another
( )10. You shouldn't keep silent when .
A. speaking B. spoken to C spoken D. speaking to
( )11. —I hear another new building , isn't it?
—Yes, it in two months.
A. is building; will complete B. is being built; will be completed
C. has been built; is completed D. is built; will finish
( )12. I love people are friendly to others.
A. which B. whose C. what D. who
【keys】 1. B 2. A 3. B 4. A 5. D 6. D 7. B 8. B 9. A 10. B 11. B 12. D
Ⅱ. Rewrite the sentences as required
1. Unless you are honest, he won't believe you. (用if改写)

2. I am told that I have passed the exam. (改为被动语态)
I am told that by me.
3. His memory was too poor to remember anything. (用so... that改写 )
His memory was poor remember anything.
4. Practise English every day, or you won't make progress. (写出同义句)

5. You'd better stop smoking at once. (写出同义句)
at once.
【keys】1. If you aren't honest, he won't believe you.
2. the exam has been passed
3. so, that he couldn't
4. If you don't practise English every day, you won't make progress.
5. Please stop smoking
Grammar.
由if, if…not，unless引导的条件状语从句
（一）条件状语从句的含义
由一个主句和一个或一个以上的从句构成的句子叫复合句。在复合句中修饰主句申的动词、形容词或副词等的从句叫做状语从句。状语从句根据它表达的意思可分为很多种，if引导的句子在复合句中表示条件，作主句的条件状语，因此称为条件状语从句。
e. g. If you don’t hurry, you'll be late. 如果你不抓紧时间，你将会迟到的。
（二）if引导的条件状语从句与主句时态的一致性
在复合句中，从句中的动词时态在一定程度上受到主句中动词时态的制约，英语语法中称为时态呼应。
1.在含有条件状语从句的复合句中，如果主句是一般将来时，从句则用一般现在时代替一般将来时。
e. g. If it rains, I will stay at home. 如果下雨，我将待在家里。
I'll go with you if you don't want to go alone. 如果你不想一个人去，我将陪你去。
2.如果主句含有must、may、can等情态动词，从句也要用一般现在时。
e. g. If you drive too fast, you may have an accident. 如果你把车开得太快，你可能会出交通事故。
You must stop if the traffic light is red. 如果红灯亮了，你必须停下来。
3.如果主句是祈使句，从句用一般现在时。
e. g. Don't go and play football if you don't finish your homework. 如果你不完成家庭作业，就不要去踢足球。
（三）unless除非，如果不，可替换if…not
e. g. If you don't keep ice-cream in a fridge, it melts quickly. =Unless you keep ice-cream in a fridge, it melts quickly.
如果你不把冰淇淋放在冰箱里，它就会很快融化掉。
If you don't invite me, I will not go to the party.
=Unless you invite me, I will not go to the party. 如果你不邀请我，我就不去这个舞会。
If the thief isn't caught red-handed, he will not admit anything.
=Unless the thief is caught red-handed, he will not admit anything.
如果这个小偷不是被当场抓获，他就什么也不承认。
【例1】We will have no water to drink we don't protect the earth.
A. until B. before C. though D. if
【答案】D

【例2】--May I surf the Internet now?
--No, you have finished doing the dishes.
A. unless B. if C. because D. when
【答案】A

【例3】I usually sleep with the window open it's very cold.
A. until B. unless C. as D. if
【答案】B

【例4】We won't wait for you you come here on time.
A. if B. unless C. when D. till
【答案】B

【例5】I don't know if he tomorrow. If he , I'll tell you.
A. will come; comes B. will come; will come
C. comes; comes D. comes; will come
【典型错误】D
【正确答案】A
【例6】You fail if you study hard.
A. may; won't B. will; won't C. will; don't D. may; /
【典型错误】A
【正确答案】C
Homework
Ⅰ. Reading Comprehension
(A)
Man has a big brain. He can think, learn and speak. Scientist once thought that men are different from animals because they could think and learn. They know now that dogs, rats, birds can learn too. They are beginning to understand that men are different from animals because they can speak.
Animals can not speak. They make noises when they are afraid, angry or unhappy. Apes(类人猿)can understand some things more quickly than men. One or two of them have learned a few words. But they can not put words together to make sentences. They can not think as we do because they have no languages. The language is a wonderful thing. Man has been able to build a modern world because he has language.
True or False
( )1. Men are different from animals in the way that men have brains.
( )2. Animals as well as man can think and speak.
( )3. An ape can not understand things or speak like man.
( )4. Apes can not put together the words they know.
( )5. Apes have no languages though they can learn some words.
( )6. Some animals can learn too, though they can not speak.
【keys】l. F 2. F 3. F 4. T 5. T 6. T

(B)
Some people from the country think that city life is the most interesting. They come to visit friends or go to a hotel in the city. They may stay for a few days or as long as a week.
Some visitors think that foreign restaurants are the best part of city life. Others have the nicest time in museums. But many people think that movies or concerts are the most important attractions of the city. And most visitors like to go shopping for clothes or presents.
In the city there are also many parks, different types of people, tall buildings, and other interesting things to see. Cities have the busiest streets and city life seems very busy, too.
After a few days in the city, the visitors begin to think about the country. They remember the trees and flowers. Suddenly they do not want to be near the tallest buildings or the busiest streets. Now they want to return home in the country. Answer the questions according to the passage
1. What do some people think the city life is?

2. What's the best part of city life for some visitors?

3. What do most visitors like to do in the city?

4. How is the life in the city?

5. Do country people want to stay in the city?

6. What do the visitors do at last?

【keys】l. It's the most interesting. 2. Foreign restaurants.
3. Go shopping. 4. Busy streets and busy life.
5. No, they don't. 6. Return home in the country.

Ⅱ. Choose the words or expressions and complete the passage
Do you know how to study better and make your study more effective? We all know that Chinese students usually study very hard for long 1 .This is very good but it doesn't help a lot, for an effective student must have enough sleep, enough food and enough rest and exercise. Every day you need to go out for a walk or visit some friends or some nice places. It's good for your study.
When you 2 studies, your mind will be refreshed and you'll learn more and study better. Psychologists （心理学家) have found that learning takes place this way. Here take English learning 3 example. First you make a lot of progress and you feel happy. Then your language study seems 4 the same. So you will think you're learning 5 and you may give up. This can last for days or even for weeks, yet you needn't give up. At some point your language study will again take another big 6 You will see that you really have been learning all along. If you get enough sleep, food, rest and exercise, studying English can be very effective and
7 . Don't give up along the way. Learn slowly and you are sure to get a good result.
( ) 1. A. days B. time C. hours D. weeks
( )2. A. return to B. come to C. learn D. go to
( )3. A. with B. for C as D. to
( )4. A. to have B. to make C to take D. to stay
( )5. A. something B. anything C. nothing D. everything
( )6. A. work B. jump C. result D. walk
( )7. A. interesting B. hard C. common D. possible
【keys】1.C 2. A 3.C 4. D 5.C 6. B 7. A

Ⅲ. Read the passage and All in the blanks with proper words
Ben Kitson, the w 1 of stories and plays for c 2 , has died at his h 3 . He was 82. His most
f 4 book "The Gentleman's House", is sold all o 5 the world, in m 6 than 25 1 7 .
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7.
【keys】1. writer 2. children 3. home 4. famous 5. over 6. more 7. languages
Ⅳ. Writing
假设你校即将开展“读好书，促成长”的活动。请你根据这次活动的主题，向全校同学发出倡议。请根据表格中所给信息，用英语写一篇倡议书。
读书的意义：获取知识，增长见识，使人聪明，使人快乐，有助于学习，有助于成长，
目前的状况：听音乐，看电视，上网等占去了学生大部分的读书时间。
发出倡议：多读书，读好书。
注意：1. 词数：80～100个。
2. 倡议书的开头和结尾已为你写好，不计人总词数。
3. 倡议书须包括所有内容要点，行文连贯，表达清楚，书写规范。
参考词汇: gain knowledge 获取知识
open the mind 增长见识
My dear friends,
Reading is /very important in our life.





Let's start reading now!
【keys】One possible version;
My dear friends, Reading is very important in our life. We can gain knowledge through reading. It can not only open our minds but also make us cleverer and happier. Our study can be improved if we read more books. Reading also helps us grow as a person.
However, it's a great pity that many activities such as listening to music, watching TV and going online take up much of our reading time. So here, I would like to suggest that everyone should read more books and read good books. It will do us good!
Let's start reading now!