（新高考）2023版高考英语一轮总复习 练案14 Unit 3 diverse cultures 新人教版必修第三册

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必修第三册　UNIT3　DIVERSE CULTURESⅠ.完形填空(2022·广东省梅县东山中学高三上学期期中考试)Many Western cultures measure their days with the solar calendar. Therefore, they __1.A__the coming of the New Year on January 1. Cultures in Asia use other calendars and celebrate the New Year at other times. Events and rituals __2.C__ from country to country. But in each place, New Year celebrations are a big __3.C__.Most world cultures have been celebrating the New Year for centuries. The earliest New Year celebrations took place during spring or__4.B__ time. With __5.D__weather ahead, or plenty of food to eat, people __6.B__ felt like having a party! As the days became longer and as nature renewed itself, people also felt like they could have a new start. The New Year could bring better fortune, more opportunities and new challenges. Such __7.D__ ideas remain the same today. Some cultures have__8.A__ New Year traditions. Italians throw old things out of their windows at midnight, symbolizing the __9.B__ of the old. People of the Philippines fire guns into the air to ward off __10.B__. Danes jump off chairs exactly as the clock __11.C__midnight, so they can jump into the New Year. Greek children leave their shoes by the fireplace on New Year’s Day. They hope someone will come and fill the shoes with __12.D__. In Vancouver, Canada, some people celebrate the New Year by jumping into the ocean. The weather is freezing cold! As you might expect, most people come to watch the swimmers __13.D__ swim themselves.London hosts an annual New Year’s Day parade that __14.A__ nearly a million spectators. The largest parade in Europe, it features bands, floats and enormous balloons. These balloons are so huge that they __15.C__ over nearby buildings!语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。本文主要介绍了庆祝新年的时间、以及不同国家和文化特别的庆祝传统。1．A.observe　　　　　 B．noticeC．expect　 D．decide解析：考查动词词义辨析。由下文的“celebrate the New Year”和“New Year celebrations”可知，此处指1月1日庆祝(observe)新年的到来。故选A。2．A.happen　 B．developC．vary　 D．hold解析：考查动词词义辨析。由上文的“西方1月1日庆祝新年，亚洲和中东在其他时间庆祝新年”和第三段的“不同国家不同寻常的新年传统”可知，不同国家庆祝新年的活动和仪式各不相同，vary from…to…表示“……不同于……”。故选C。3．A.burden　 B．reunionC．deal　 D．success解析：考查名词词义辨析。由下文的“Most world cultures have been celebrating the New Year for centuries.”可知，大多数世界文化庆祝新年的传统已经有几个世纪了，说明新年是很重要的一件事，a big deal表示“一件大事”。故选C。4．A.summer　 B．harvestC．labor　 D．leisure解析：考查名词词义辨析。由常识可知，粮食收获的时候是个好日子，值得庆祝，可推断出最早的新年庆祝活动可能会在收获(harvest)季节。故选B。5．A.colder　 B．changeableC．extreme　 D．better解析：考查形容词词义辨析。由下文的“As the days became longer and as nature renewed itself”可知，白天越来越长，大自然也在复苏，说明天气在变好。better更好的。故选D。6．A.eventually　 B．naturallyC．occasionally　 D．exactly解析：考查副词词义辨析。由上文语境可知，天气变好，粮食充裕，人自然(naturally)就想开派对，开心放松一下。故选B。7．A.unique　 B．challengingC．interesting　 D．universal解析：考查形容词词义辨析。由上文的“The New Year could bring better fortune, more opportunities and new challenges.”可知，新年意味着更好的财富，更多的机遇和新的挑战，这是全世界广泛适用的主题，从古至今都是这样，没有改变。universal普遍的、广泛适用的。故选D。8．A.unusual　 B．shockingC．silly　 D．typical解析：考查形容词词义辨析。由下文语境可知，意大利人、菲律宾人、丹麦人、希腊人和加拿大人庆祝新年的方式很不同寻常、与众不同。unusual不寻常的、与众不同的。故选A。9．A.coming　 B．departureC．failure　 D．developing解析：考查名词和动词词义辨析。由上文的“throw old things out of their windows”可知，把旧东西扔出窗外，表明旧东西从家里离开(departure)了。故选B。10．A.animals　 B．misfortuneC．enemies　 D．poverty解析：考查名词词义辨析。由上文的“fire guns into the air”和常识可知，向空中鸣枪一是一种保护自己的防御姿态(避免别人伤害自己，以免自己不幸)，二是为了向不幸的人/事默哀，可推断出菲律宾人向空中鸣枪是为了躲避不幸(misfortune)。故选B。11．A.reaches　 B．ringsC．strikes　 D．shows解析：考查动词词义辨析。由本处的“the clock __11__ midnight”可知，此处指午夜钟声敲响，即到了新年那一天。strike击打、撞击。故选C。12．A.kisses　 B．loveC．fortune　 D．gifts解析：考查名词词义辨析。由常识可知，Santa Claus(圣诞老人)是给孩子送新年礼物(gifts)的人。故选D。13．A.as well as　 B．so as toC．other than　 D．rather than解析：考查介词短语辨析。由上文的“The weather is freezing cold！”，“most people come to watch the swimmers”和下文的“swim themselves”可知，天气冷得要命，所以大多数人是来观看游泳运动员的，而不是自己游泳，用rather than而不是。故选D。14．A.draws　 B．requiresC．amuses　 D．provides解析：考查动词词义辨析。由下文的“nearly a million spectators. The largest parade in Europe, it features bands, floats and enormous balloons.”可知，伦敦举办的新年游行是欧洲最大的游行，有乐队、彩车和巨大的气球，无疑会吸引(draw)观众前来观看。故选A。15．A.watch　 B．goC．tower　 D．take解析：考查动词词义辨析。由常识可知，气球会飘向天空，而伦敦新年游行的气球太大了，以至于飘的位置高于附近的建筑物。tower远远高于、高耸。故选C。Ⅱ.阅读理解(2021·郑州市高中毕业年级第三次质检)I’m now living in the south of France with my husband Keith and three small children, and   I feel like a fish out of water   everywhere but one place—the Saturday street market. It’s been operating in our small town of Sommières since the 13th century, but we’ve only lived here for three months.From Monday to Friday, life is all about the kids. I’m busy helping my children deal with life in a French school. It’s not easy, and their stress is the whole family’s stress, as Keith and I are occupied with the daily school run, piles of homework and school notes in French.But on Saturday, the market is for me. I feel so peaceful as I walk along the quiet street toward the busy town square. The knife-sharpening man is there, operating a machine that looks like it dates from the Industrial Revolution. There’re street musicians with guitars and microphones, and the sound of beautiful songs fills the air. And the food, of course, is delicious. The cheese man doesn’t speak—he just points and cuts，offering a piece from his knife. Lines come out of the door for fresh bread at the bakery. Organic vegetables, herbs and desserts are a feast for the eyes, before being put into the bag to be enjoyed later for lunch. The noises smells of the market are unfamiliar, but their rocedures are clear to me. This is part of why I love the place so much：Unlike during the week, when I’m constantly faced with my own difficulties, I know how this place works. My terrible French isn’t the barrier to communication that it is in other circumstances.At school and in the village, I can’t joke or join a conversation, and although the other parents at school are kind, I’m an outsider. But at the market, I’m just another customer with a basket. Surrounded by day trippers, I feel like a local—greeting people I know and petting dogs.My Saturday experiences allow me to hope that in the near future I’ll feel equally confident in my everyday life. Until then, Saturdays prepare me for the coming week of the school run. 文章大意：本文是一篇记叙文。作者一家在法国南部生活时间不长，由于语言不通，人生地不熟，且作者忙于孩子们在法语学校的日常生活和学业，新的环境让作者觉得不舒服，只有一个地方除外，那就是周六街市。1．What does the author mean by saying “I feel like a fish out of water”？__C__A．She feels lonely without her children.B．She feels free out of her daily housework.C．She feels uncomfortable in new surroundings.D．She feels unable to make a living in another country.解析：句意理解题。根据第一段中的“but we’ve only lived here for three months”和下文可以判断，作者刚在法国南部生活不久，新的环境让她感觉很不舒服，就像鱼儿离开了水一样。故选C。2．What can be learned about the author’s life during weekdays？__D__A．She learns French together with her children.B．She tries to balance her job and the housework.C．She runs to school every day to help her children.D．She devotes herself to her children in a French school.解析：细节理解题。根据第二段内容可知，作者周一到周五忙于孩子们在法语学校的日常生活和学业。故选D。3．Why does the author like going to the Saturday street market？__A__A．She feels relaxed and comfortable there.B．She can talk with other customers freely there.C．She wants to get away from her family’s stress.D．She tries to gain confidence in the busy atmosphere.解析：推理判断题。根据第三段中的“I feel so peaceful as I walk along the quiet street toward the busy town square.”以及第四段内容可以推断，作者喜欢去周六街市是因为在那里作者感觉放松和舒服。故选A。4．What is the author’s attitude towards her future life？__C__A．Objective.　　 B．Satisfied.C．Optimistic. 　　 D．Worried.解析：观点态度题。根据最后一段中的“My Saturday experiences allow me to hope that in the near future I’ll feel equally confident in my everyday life.”可知，作者对于自己未来的生活持乐观的态度。故选C。Ⅲ.七选五(2021·成都市高三第一次诊断性检测)A grateful heart is a satisfied heart.A satisfied heart is a simple heart which leads to a simplified life.Gratitude opens the door to simplicity.But we live in a culture that produces dissatisfaction. __1.G__Intentionally choose it.Gratitude will never be a result of your next success or accomplishment. __2.D__ And you will never find it in life until you intentionally decide to choose it.Count your blessings.A new day，a warm bed，a unique personality, or a special talent... __3.E__ Gratitude quickly sets in when we begin to spend a quiet moment each day remembering them.This practice alone has the potential to change your heart and life immeasurably.__4.C__ Almost half the world live on less than $2.50 a day.1.1 billion people have inadequate access to clean water.Let those facts sink in for just a moment and slowly allow gratitude to become part of the solution to take their place.Find gratitude in difficulty. __5.F__ But it can be more difficult during the trials of life: the death，disease，or failure. The truth is that no one is exempt (获豁免的)from the sufferings. However, good can be found even in the worst of times. Being grateful during those difficulties may get you through them.In daily life we must see it is not happiness that makes us grateful, but gratefulness that makes us happy.A．Ignore what you don’t have.B．We can learn how to be grateful.C．Open your eyes to those with less.D．Gratitude is available in your heart right now.E．You have wonderful things in your life already.F．It’s easy to be grateful when things are going well.G．How can we find gratitude in a world that seeks to destroy it?语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。感恩之心即满足之心，满足之心即简单之心；感恩打开了通往简单生活的大门，但是我们生活在产生不满的文化中。本文主要介绍了四个找回感恩之心的方法。1．根据空前一句并结合下文介绍的四个找回感恩之心的方法可知，空处承上启下，故选G。2．根据空前一句可知，感恩从不是你下次的成功或成就的结果，感恩是现在在你内心可找到的，故选D。3．空前列举的都是美好的事，E项中的“wonderful things in your life”与此呼应，故选E。4．根据空处所在位置可知，空处为该段的主题句，本段主要讲述的是世界上有很多悲苦大众，我们应该看到他们，故选C。5．根据空后一句中的“But it can be more difficult during the trials of life”可知，空处与空后一句形成对比，应是说明万事顺利时感恩是很容易做到的，故选F。Ⅳ.语法填空(2021·云南省七校高考适应性考试三)Duilian，is traditional Chinese couplets (对联)，also known as yinglian or duizi. According to the usage, it can be __1.generally__ (general) classified into Spring Festival couplets，wedding couplets, trade couplets，social couplets and entertaining or __2.humorous__ (humor)couplets. The traditional couplets vary greatly in__3.length__ (long)．The shortest one contains one or two characters，and the longest one contains several hundred characters, usually __4.found__(find) on ancient Chinese buildings.A couplet must have the following features：__5.the__ number of characters of one line is equal to that of the other line and both lines have the same sense groups.A couplet writer may show his feelings __6.by__means of describing the scenery or express his wishes in his works. __7.Whatever__ he wants to convey , the writer is expected to be good at summarization and Chinese __8.to_produce__ (produce) a couplet with a few characters that is excellent in both content and language.With the cultural exchanges among different countries all over the world，Chinese couplets __9.began__(begin) to spread to Vietnam，Japan，and Singapore in the 20th century.As a result，the custom of putting up Spring Festival couplets __10.is_observed__ (observe) in these countries at present as well.语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章以中国的对联为话题，介绍了对联的种类、特征及表达的含义，且对联现在在其他一些国家也可看到。解析：1．考查副词。空处修饰动词be classified，应用副词形式，故填 generally。2．考查形容词。根据空前的entertaining和空后的couplets可知，此处应用形容词作定语，故填humorous。3．考查名词。根据语境可知，此处表示对联在长度上差别很大。vary in sth.“在某方面有差异/不同”，跟在介词in后面应用名词，故填length。4．考查非谓语动词。空处所在部分作后置定语修饰前面提到的“the longest one”，主语 the longest one与find之间是逻辑上的动宾关系，故填found。5．考查冠词。此处表达“……的数量”，表示特指，故填the。6．考查介词。此处表示“借助于”，故用介词by构成by means of“借助……手段”短语，故填by。7．考查让步状语从句。无论作者想传达什么，他都得有好的概括力和驾驭汉语的本领。根据句意并分析句子结构可知，空处所在的句子为让步状语从句，从句中的convey是及物动词，故引导词作 convey的宾语，此处表示“无论什么”，故填Whatever。8．考查非谓语动词。分析句意可知，此处作目的状语，故填to produce。9．考查动词的时态。空处作句子谓语，根据语境以及后面的时间状语“in the 20th century”可知，谓语动词应用一般过去时，故填began。10．考查时态、语态和主谓一致。结合语境以及时间状语“at present”可知，此处描述现在存在的情况，应用一般现在时。主语为custom，且与谓语动词之间是被动关系，故填is observed。