（新高考）2023版高考英语一轮总复习 练案22 Unit 1 science and scientists 新人教版选择性必修第二册

这是一份（新高考）2023版高考英语一轮总复习 练案22 Unit 1 science and scientists 新人教版选择性必修第二册，共8页。试卷主要包含了C__，A__，B__，067公顷)的新纪录等内容，欢迎下载使用。
选择性必修第二册　UNIT 1　SCIENCE AND SCIENTISTSⅠ.阅读理解A(2022·湖北省八市联考)Most Chinese know the story of the mythological Chang’e，the Chinese goddess of the moon. It’s a story about a woman who takes an immortality pill and flies to the moon. It is told every year during China’s Mid-Autumn Festival, so people can’t hear the word “Change” without thinking of romantic images of a moon goddess.For this reason, China’s mission to the moon was calling out for a strong female figure. Therefore, pictures of a 24-year-old female space commander have gone viral on Chinese social media for her work on the Chang’e-5 lunar exploration program with comments about how she is a “frontline soldier in the field of aerospace” that young Chinese can look up to.Ms. Zhou, a 24-year-old lady of Tujia ethnic group, is China’s youngest ever space commander. She was involved in the successful launch of the Chang’e-5 lunar probe on 24 November, in charge of the rocket connector system, described as a key role.In Wenchang space launch site, though she is only 1.58 meters and looks “mini”， she is called “big sister” for her powerful “core and energy”．Since senior high, she has dreamed of being a member of a space research team. With her great efforts, she was admitted to an aircraft system and engineering major of a domestic university in 2014, making her aerospace dream come true. To grow into a commander, in two and a half years, she changed five positions to be familiar with multiple posts and types of work, each of which takes great courage and is full of challenges. In a working space with no air conditioning and narrow space to accommodate only three people, she worked for 60 days until the completion of the “Long March 5 rocket goes around” battle.Her story has received attention from Chinese state-run media as well as overseas media outlets. However, it has not appeared to have much of an effect on her. According to the media, she declined repeated requests for interviews as she does not wish to let fame get in the way of her work.语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了参与“嫦娥五号”探月工程、目前中国最年轻的女航天指挥员周承钰为实现航天梦想而不断努力的故事。1．Why does the writer mention the myth of Chang’e at the beginning of the passage？__A__A．To introduce the topic. B．To give an example.C．To tell a romantic story. D．To spread Chinese culture.解析：推理判断题。文章第一段介绍了嫦娥奔月的神话故事；第二段首句“For this reason, China’s mission to the moon was calling out for a strong female figure.”引出文章中心思想：参与中国“嫦娥五号”探月工程的女航天指挥员为实现航空梦而努力的故事。由此可知，文章第一段提到嫦娥奔月的神话是为了引出话题。故选A。2．What makes people think of Ms. Zhou as a pioneer for the youth in aerospace？__D__A．Her youth and beauty.B．Her pictures on the media.C．Her identity of Tujia ethnic group.D．Her performance in the moon-landing program.解析：细节理解题。根据第二段第二句中的“for her work on the Chang’e-5 lunar exploration program with comments about how she is a ’frontline soldier in the field of aerospace’ that young Chinese can look up to”可知，周女士在登月计划中的优异表现让人们认为她是年轻人在航天领域的先锋。故选D。3．Why did Ms. Zhou reject the media’s invitation to interviews？__C__A．Because she was too shy.B．Because she was not available.C．Because she feared her fame might affect her career.D．Because she considered fame nothing but a burden.解析：细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“According to the media, she declined repeated requests for interviews as she does not wish to let fame get in the way of her work.”可知，周女士拒绝媒体采访是因为她不想让名声妨碍她的工作。故选C。4．What can we learn from Ms. Zhou’s story？__A__A．Attitude is altitude.B．The early bird catches the worms.C．Many hands make light work.D．Diligence makes up for inability.解析：推理判断题。通读全文，特别是根据第四段中的“To grow into a commander, in two and a half years, she changed five positions to be familiar with multiple posts and types of work, each of which takes great courage and is full of challenges.”可知，周女士为了实现自己的航天梦，付出了很大的决心和努力。A项(态度决定高度。)符合文章主旨。故选A。B(2021·烟台市高考诊断性测试)Every year, the brightest young scientists from around the globe come together to participate in the world’s largest pre-college science competition，the Intel International Science and Engineering Fair (ISEF)．They demonstrate their knowledge of science and engineering to improve the way we work and live.One of 2019’s winners Katie Lu, found a method for removing oil from water.This concept can also be applied to the removal of microplastics from our oceans as well.Here is what Katie told reporters：My experience at the Intel ISEF was amazing! I remember the judging day，walking the exhibit hall and looking at the people gathered outside waiting to get in.My teacher turned to me and said，“That’s the future right there.”It was so amazing to spend time with all of these participants who are going to do amazing things in the future.My scientific career has taught me not to fear failure and not to be afraid to ask for help.It’s really easy to be overwhelmed (击败)and wonder if what you’re doing is going to work out but even if it doesn’t work out, it’s OK! Always look on the positive side! A failure now doesn’t mean you’re a failure forever. Failure makes success feel earned when it comes. Also，asking for help is good when you’re struggling. You learn how to do things a lot faster and more efficiently.I’m shocked that some people are still skeptical about climate change.It is real, it is dangerous and it is one of the most important issues of our generation.Reducing carbon emissions isn’t a “should”； it is a “must” to continue living on the planet. Additionally, people aren’t really worried about their personal impact on the earth in terms of littering, overusing plastic or wasting resources.If we don’t curb harmful human activity before it’s too late，it will be a problem that affects all humans, not just those that contribute.语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。讲述了英特尔国际科学与工程大奖赛2019年的获奖者Katie Lu对于这次参赛经历的回忆及体会。5．What seems to concern Katie most？__C__A．Ocean exploration. B．The overpopulation on the earth.C．Environmental problems. D．The shortage of natural energy.解析：推理判断题。根据第二段中的“This concept...as well.”以及最后一段中的“I’m shocked that some people are still skeptical about climate change.”可推知，Katie最关注的是环境问题。故选C。6．What can we learn from what Katie’s teacher said？__C__A．No Intel ISEF，no future.B．All the talents are at the Intel ISEF.C．The participants will make the future.D．Katie should try to do better than the other participants.解析：细节理解题。根据第四段中老师的话“That’s the future right there.”可知，老师认为这些优秀的参赛者都是未来的希望，能创造未来。故选C。7．What does Paragraph 5 mainly tell us？__D__A．The setbacks Katie experienced in her science.B．The relationship between failure and success.C．Seeking help is a shortcut to doing things well.D．What Katie has gained from her scientific career.解析：段落大意题。第五段首句“My scientific career has taught me not...help.”是该段的主题句。这一段表明了Katie在科学生涯中获得的积极向上、迎难而上的态度。故选D。8．What does the underlined word “curb” in the last paragraph most probably mean？__B__A．Punish.　　　　　 B．Control.C．Deny.　　 D．Measure.解析：词义猜测题。根据“people aren’t really...resources”可知，人类的行为活动对地球造成了不好的影响。由此可推知，画线词应是“控制，抑制”的意思。故选B。Ⅱ.七选五(2021·济南五校联考)Wanda Austin, an internationally celebrated engineer and aerospace industry(航空航天工业) leader, has been a part of the STEM (Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics) industry since her earliest professional days working at Rockwell International.__1.E__. Raised in a low-income neighborhood in the Bronx, Dr. Austin always favored math in school above all else; she found comfort in the fact that math’s answers couldn’t be argued. __2.D__. It wasn’t until she started working as an engineering tutor when receiving the higher education that she realized what she really wanted to be occupied in：STEM.Austin began working at Aerospace as one of the few female engineers, a trend that hasn’t changed much between her start at the company in 1982 and now. __3.C__. The success in the GPS satellite Air Force communications and the Pentagon’s global network of strategic communications, all led to her eventual promotion to CEO and President of Aerospace.__4.A__. Her most recent commitment is to motivate the next generation of learners to study STEM disciplines, as she hopes to serve as a role model for young women and minorities looking to go down similar paths. And she’s started programs to strengthen STEM learning for everyone.Austin’s advice for aspiring engineers is around something you might not expect. __5.B__. To her, it is just as important to study as it is to be able to talk about the impact of the STEM work to those outside of the disciplines. A．Dr. Austin pays great attention to the education B．She highlights the virtue of strong communication C．Still, she achieved a series of impressive performances D．The passion drove her undergraduate and graduate studies E．Her love for STEM began long before the start of her career F．Dr. Austin is never one to shy away from a difficult challenge G．Maybe her initiatives will be enough to inspire the next generation of STEM leaders语篇解读：本文是记叙文，主题是“人与社会”。文章介绍了国际知名的工程师和航空航天工业方面的领袖人物Wanda Austin的学习经历、所取得的成就等。 解析：1．空前一段提到了Austin在STEM方面的成就，空后讲述在从事专业领域前，她与STEM的渊源，故E项“Her love for STEM began long before the start of her career”承接上下文，符合语境。故选E。2．空前提到“Dr. Austin always favored math in school above all else；she found comfort in the fact that math’s answers couldn’t be argued.”，D项是这一内容的顺承，符合语境，且D选项中的“undergraduate and graduate studies”与空后的“the higher education”呼应。故选D。3．由后一句可知，此处叙述Dr.Austin在公司中工作出色，取得了一系列成就，与空前一句谈到的“Austin是公司为数不多的几个女性工程师之一”形成轻微的转折关系，故C项符合语境。故选C。4．根据本段中的“Her most recent commitment is to motivate the next generation of learners to study STEM disciplines... go down similar paths.”“strengthen STEM learning for everyone.”可知，本段强调Dr.Austin为教育付出了很多，A项能概括段落内容。故选A。5．根据空后的“it is just important to study...talk about the impact of the STEM work to those outside of the disciplines.”可知，Dr.Austin认为学习知识和沟通一样重要，所以她也很重视沟通，B项符合语境。故选B。Ⅲ.语法填空(2022·广东省梅县东山中学高三上学期期中考试)Chinese scientists have achieved a record rice yield of almost 23 metric tons per hectare from an __1.experimental__ (experiment) field of hybrid rice in Hunan Province.On Tuesday, Yuan Longping, a scientist at the Chinese Academy of Sciences __2.who__leads the nation’s research in hybrid rice, proudly announced a record production of 1,500 kilograms per mu (0.067 hectares)．__3.Compared__(compare) with other high-yield hybrid varieties in the market, the average yield for the third-generation strain is 10 to 20 percent higher, The 90-year-old scientist was rejoicing like a child while making the announcement at a news conference, saying “I am more than excited and __4.extremely__ (extreme) satisfied with the results. The results are of __5.significance__ (significant) to not only China, but the entire world. Yuan’s achievement is a major contribution to __6.the__global fight against hunger.For China, more rice production means greater food security. The achievement would not have been possible __7.without__Yuan and his team. Since the 1960s, Yuan, then a fresh university graduate, has devoted himself wholly to research on hybrid rice. In the last 60 years, he __8.has_taught__(teach) generations of students.Yuan said he still has a clear mind and hopes to work __9.until__he turns 100. There are lots of scientists like Yuan in every field，__10._so__China is to enjoy its long-term prosperity.语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了“杂交水稻之父”袁隆平对全球抗击饥饿做出的重大贡献。1．考查形容词。句意：中国科学家在湖南省的一个杂交水稻试验田获得了每公顷近23吨的水稻产量。名词field前用形容词修饰。故填experimental。2．考查定语从句。句意：周二，中国科学院的科学家袁隆平领导了国家杂交水稻研究，他自豪地宣布了亩产1 500公斤(0.067公顷)的新纪录。分析句子结构可知，本句先行词为a scientist，指人，关系词在定语从句中作主语，所以用关系代词who引导定语从句。故填who。3．考查非谓语动词。句意：与其他市场高产杂交品种相比，第三代应变的平均收益率高出10～20%。compare与其逻辑主语the average yield for the third-generation strain之间是被动关系，用过去分词作状语。故填Compared。4．考查副词。句意：我非常兴奋，对结果非常满意。形容词satisfied前用副词修饰。故填extremely。5．考查名词。句意：这些成果不仅对中国具有重要意义，而且对整个世界都具有重要意义。固定结构be of＋抽象名词，相当于be＋形容词。故填significance。6．考查冠词。句意：袁隆平的成就对全球抗击饥饿做出了重大贡献。名词global fight against hunger是特指具体事件，所以用定冠词the。故填the。7．考查介词。句意：没有袁隆平和他的团队，这一成就是不可能的。分析句意可知，这里是“没有”的意思。故填without。8．考查动词时态。句意：在过去的60年里，他教过几代学生。根据时间状语In the last 60 years，可知要用现在完成时。故填has taught。9．考查连词。句意：袁隆平说，他仍然头脑清醒，希望工作到100岁。分析句意可知，这里是“直到”的意思。故填until。10．考查连词。句意：在各个领域都有很多像袁隆平这样的科学家，所以中国将享有长期的繁荣。本句前半句是解释原因，后半句中国繁荣是结果，所以用连词so。故填so。Ⅳ.应用文写作(2021·重庆市第八中学高三下新高考“二诊”)假如你是李华。你们学校正在进行科技节的活动，你所在的学生会组织了一场介绍屠呦呦以及她的成就的讲座。请根据以下内容，用英文写一则通知，邀请感兴趣的学生来参加讲座。1．通知的目的；2．讲座的主题以及举办时间及地点；3．简要介绍屠呦呦及她的成就：(1)1930年出生于浙江省宁波市；1951年考入北京大学医学部药学系；(2)1955年毕业于北京大学医学部药学系；(3)2015年10月，因发现青蒿素这一治疗疟疾的新药物而获诺贝尔医学奖。屠呦呦是第一位获得诺贝尔科学奖项的中国科学家。4．邀请感兴趣的同学来参加讲座。参考词汇：北京大学医学部药学系Peking University Health Science Center；青蒿素artemisinin；疟疾malaria；诺贝尔医学奖Nobel Prize in Medicine注意：1.词数80左右，开头和结尾已为你写好，但不计入总词数；2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；3．文中不得透露个人姓名和学校名称。 NoticeDear students，Attention, please. _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________That’s all.Thank you.Students’ Union参考范文：NoticeDear_students，Attention,_please. In order to broaden students’ horizon, the Students’ Union will hold a lecture in the science festival, introducing the great scientist Tu Youyou as well as her achievements. The lecture will be given in the new-built gymnasium from 9：00 a.m. to 11：00 a.m. on Monday, September 24.Born in Ningbo, Zhejiang Province in 1930, Tu Youyou was admitted into Peking University Health Science Center in 1951，and she graduated in 1955. Together with her colleagues, Tu found artemisinin, an effective cure for malaria. Due to making such a great contribution to the world, she was awarded with the 2015 Nobel Prize in Medicine, becoming the first Chinese scientist who got the prize.Anyone who is interested in knowing more about the great scientist is welcome to attend the lecture.That’s_all.Thank_you.Students’_Union