2022年高考英语二轮复习专题一阅读理解考点分类练十一词句猜测题__代词指代类含解析

这是一份2022年高考英语二轮复习专题一阅读理解考点分类练十一词句猜测题__代词指代类含解析，共9页。
考点分类练(十一)　词句猜测题——代词指代类A(2021·山东淄博一模)Several years ago, when someone used camera covers to protect against possible monitoring, it was not popular to talk about it. Today, people use various types of tapes to cover the web cameras and microphones.There are many types of spyware that can dive into our devices and secretly spy on them, recording everything they do. Such programmes may infect not only computers but also smartphones. Your data may be used by hackers who will try to request money for not exposing your private information or by companies like NSO Group who created a kind of spyware to “provide authorised governments with technology that helps struggle against terror and crime”.In my opinion, the protection technique is highly overestimated. Users tape the cameras and microphones through lack of understanding of how their devices work and how the malware(恶意软件) works. Hackers and even secret services do not have enough resources to monitor all victims using the cameras or microphones. If they need to get any information, they get it by sending a targeted virus to your device, which will not be stopped by the tapes. Such a virus will find what to steal—from personal photos and videos to passwords from social networks, browser history, bank accounts and so on.It is unwise to believe that attackers will not be able to find a way to spy on you, even if the device, discharged to zero, can still deliver data about your location, using the smartphones of the surrounding people as signal repeaters. Let us face it: we live in an era when it is extremely difficult to hide something and a piece of tape is clearly not the most useful tool in the struggle for your privacy.Again, to be able to spy on you, attackers need to plant the malware in your device. To prevent the malware from entering your device, do not click suspected links and email attachments. Use strong passwords for email, social media and online bank accounts.1.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“them”inparagraph2referto? A.Cameras.　　　　　　　B.Types.C.Programmes. D.Devices.2.What is NSO Group? A.A group of hackers.B.A company developing spyware.C.A group of terrorists and criminals.D.A company fighting against crime.3.Why does the author think “the protection technique is highly overestimated”? A.People know little about their devices.B.Hackers have no access to others.C.It hardly prevents the malware from getting privacy.D.It can’t cover the cameras completely. B(2021·安徽合肥高三第二次教学质量检测)Ever since she received a little toy airliner as a birthday gift, Kate has been attracted by flight. From flying remote-controlled airplanes to building her own model ones, Kate has always considered flying a plane one of her passions, but only until recently has she been able to take that to new heights.When Kate heard about the Upwind Scholarship from her school counselor, she knew it was an extraordinary opportunity to realise her dream. The programme’s mission is to provide all the training necessary to obtain a private pilot’s license (PPL) for students in between their junior and senior year of high school free of charge.After completing a lengthy application and her subsequent acceptance into the programme, Kate began her training last spring. Normally, recipients of the scholarship would attend ground school in person where they learn the fundamentals of flying. Due to the pandemic, however, Kate spent hours each weekend studying online lessons in her room whenever she got a break from homework. Once summer came around, Kate and three peers put in two straight weeks of ground school, reviewing flight training from nine to five every day.“It was the toughest part of the programme,” Kate said.After completing that portion of ground school, Kate was finally able to begin flying at the San Carlos Airport with the other scholarship recipients from around the Bay Area. Flying, especially for first-timers like Kate, is a hands-on process involving lots of checklists to make sure the important tasks are being taken care of.Now, having finished the programme and earned her PPL, Kate plans on training as a flight instructor and hopes to become an airline pilot in her future.She credits the Upwind Scholarship for all she’s been able to accomplish so far and hopes that anyone who shares her passion will look into it.“It is a very hard scholarship to win, and you have to be truly interested in flight,” Kate said.“It can’t be something like ‘Oh, why don’t I try flying this summer?’ You have to be ready to do a lot of work and put effort into succeeding in the programme.”4.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“that”inparagraph1referto? A.Her skill of building model airplanes.B.Her wish to travel around the world.C.Her childhood dream of becoming a pilot.D.Her desire to fly remote-controlled airplanes.5.What is the goal of the Upwind Scholarship? A.To help students in need to achieve their dreams.B.To provide necessary training for private pilots for free.C.To give students expert advice on earning a scholarship.D.To prepare high school students to become a private pilot.6.What did Kate do in ground school? A.She took online lessons on flying.B.She went over the fundamentals of flying.C.She did some research into the pandemic.D.She finished applying for the programme.7.Which of the following best describes Kate? A.Confident and aggressive.B.Strong-willed and patient.C.Demanding and courageous.D.Ambitious and hard-working. C(2021·河北秦皇岛二模)Every four or five years, vast quantities of warm water build up along the west coast of South America. This phenomenon, El Niño, creates storms that cause destructive floods. The result is costly.Modern farmers come to terms with El Niño. They use money saved in good years to rebuild in bad ones. But history suggests it need not be like that. In a paper published recently, Ari Caramanica, an archaeologist in Lima, shows how it used to be done. And the answer seems to be “better”.Dr Caramanica and her colleagues have been studying the Pampa de Mocan, a coastal desert plain in northern Peru. It is not suitable for farming. Its soil contains little organic matter and the annual rainfall in non-Niño years is usually less than two centimetres. Today’s farmers therefore depend on canals to carry water from local rivers to their fields.It had been assumed that ancient farmers had a similar arrangement—and so they did. But Dr Caramanica also found eight canals that could carry water far beyond the range of modern farms. She thought that they were intended to guide the floodwaters arriving during Niño years. Around a quarter of the ancient agricultural infrastructure of this area seemed to have been built only for managing Niño-generated floodwaters.Evidence from pollen supports this theory, revealing that the Pampa de Mocan produced lots of crops in some years, while remaining nearly barren in others. The team also uncovered two cisterns(蓄水箱) in the area serviced by the extended canals. These, probably, were used to store extra floodwaters.These findings suggest that, rather than resisting El Niño, early farmers in the Pampa de Mocan were ready to make use of it when it arrived. Modern farmers might do well to learn from them.8.What does the recent study focus on? A.Living with El Niño.B.Effects of El Niño.C.Farming in the desert.D.Water shortage in Peru.9.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“they”inparagraph4referto? A.Ancient farmers. B.Rivers.C.Farms. D.Canals.10.What lesson can be learned from early farmers? A.Every advantage has its disadvantage.B.In every difficulty lies an opportunity.C.Sharp tools make good work.D.It’s never too late to mend.11.In which section of a website may this text appear? A.Education. B.Travel.C.Business. D.Science.  考点分类练(十一)　词句猜测题——代词指代类【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。文章讲述的是如何保护我们设备上的隐私。1.D　解析:代词指代题。根据第二段的 “Therearemanytypesofspywarethatcandiveintoourdevicesandsecretlyspyonthem,recordingeverythingtheydo.” 可知, 有许多类型的间谍软件可以潜入我们的设备并秘密监视它们, 记录它们所做的一切。由此推知, 画线词them指代的是前面提到的devices。故选D项。2.B　解析:推理判断题。根据第二段的 “...bycompanieslikeNSOGroupwhocreatedakindofspywareto ‘provideauthorisedgovernmentswithtechnologythathelpsstruggleagainstterrorandcrime’.” 可知, 这些公司为所授权的政府提供有助于打击恐怖行动和犯罪的科技。由此推断,NSOGroup是研发间谍软件的公司。故选B项。3.C　解析:推理判断题。由题干信息可定位到文章第三段的首句, 根据第三段的 “Iftheyneedtogetanyinformation,theygetitbysendingatargetedvirustoyourdevice,whichwillnotbestoppedbythetapes.Suchaviruswillfindwhattosteal—frompersonalphotosandvideostopasswordsfromsocialnetworks,browserhistory,bankaccountsandsoon.” 可知, 这种保护技术很难阻止恶意软件获取隐私。故选C项。【帮你拓知识】必背单词①devicen.设备; 装置; 仪器②exposev.暴露; 揭露; 显露重点语块③spyonsb 暗中监视, 窥探某人④behighlyoverestimated 被过高估计⑤bankaccounts 银行账户【语篇导读】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了凯特从小就爱好飞行, 并且为了实现成为一名飞行员的梦想所做出的努力。4.C　解析:代词指代题。根据画线词前一句提到的Katehasalwaysconsideredflyingaplaneoneofherpassions和第二段开头提到itwasanextraordinaryopportunitytorealiseherdream可知, 凯特从小就爱好飞行, 驾驶飞机是她的梦想。由此推测,that指代 “她想成为一名飞行员的梦想”。故选C项。5.D　解析:细节理解题。根据第二段的 “Theprogramme’smissionistoprovideallthetrainingnecessarytoobtainaprivatepilot’slicense(PPL)forstudentsinbetweentheirjuniorandsenioryearofhighschoolfreeofcharge.” 可知, 它的目标是让高中生为成为一名私人飞行员做好准备。故选D项。6.B　解析:细节理解题。根据第三段的 “...recipientsofthescholarshipwouldattendgroundschoolinpersonwheretheylearnthefundamentalsofflying.” 和 “...Kateandthreepeersputintwostraightweeksofgroundschool,reviewingflighttraining...” 可知, 凯特在地面学校回顾飞行的基础知识。故选B项。7.D　解析:推理判断题。根据倒数第二段的内容可推断, 凯特很有志向; 再由最后一段中凯特所说的话 “Itisaveryhardscholarshiptowin,andyouhavetobetrulyinterestedinflight...Youhavetobereadytodoalotofworkandputeffortintosucceedingintheprogramme.” 可知, 凯特为了获得奖学金很努力。由此推断, 凯特很有雄心壮志, 而且为了梦想非常努力。故选D项。【帮你拓知识】重点语块①freeofcharge 免费②alengthyapplication 很长的申请③inperson 亲自【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。在最近发表的一篇论文中, 一位考古学家展示了过去的农民是如何利用厄尔尼诺现象来帮助农业生产的, 文章介绍了这一研究开展的过程以及发现。8.A　解析:细节理解题。根据第二段的 “ModernfarmerscometotermswithElNiño...Inapaperpublishedrecently...showshowitusedtobedone.Andtheanswerseemstobe ‘better’.” 可知, 最近的研究集中在与厄尔尼诺现象共存。故选A项。9.D　解析:代词指代题。根据画线词前一句 “ButDrCaramanicaalsofoundeightcanalsthatcouldcarrywaterfarbeyondtherangeofmodernfarms.” 以及后面的wereintendedtoguidethefloodwatersarrivingduringNiñoyears可知,Caramanica博士认为上文提到的八条运河是为了引洪。由此推知,they指代的是 “运河”。故选D项。10.B　解析:推理判断题。根据最后一段的 “Thesefindingssuggestthat,ratherthanresistingElNiño,earlyfarmersinthePampadeMocanwerereadytomakeuseofitwhenitarrived.” 可知, 当厄尔尼诺现象到来时, 早期农民并没有进行抵制, 而是做好了利用它的准备。由此推知, 我们可以从早期农民那里学到 “每一个困难中都蕴藏着机会” 这一道理。故选B项。11.D　解析:推理判断题。通读文章可知, 在最近发表的一篇论文中, 一位考古学家展示了过去的农民是如何利用厄尔尼诺现象来帮助农业生产的, 而文章正是介绍了这一研究开展的过程以及发现。由此推知, 文章可能选自网站的 “科学” 版面。故选D项。【帮你拓知识】必背单词①destructiveadj.破坏性的②uncoverv.发现③extendedadj.延长了的; 扩展了的重点语块④cometotermswith... 与……达成协议, 妥协⑤beyondtherangeof... 超出……的范围⑥beintendedto... 旨在; 意图……精彩句式⑦Modernfarmersmightdowelltolearnfromthem.现代农民不妨向他们学习。