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2020-2021学年Unit 3 On the move课后复习题
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这是一份2020-2021学年Unit 3 On the move课后复习题，文件包含20212022版新教材高中英语Unit3Onthemove课件外研版必修第二册ppt、20212022版新教材高中英语Unit3Onthemove单元测评含解析外研版必修第二册doc等2份试卷配套教学资源，其中试卷共26页， 欢迎下载使用。
Unit 3 On the move
必备词汇速记
重点单词·快速记 □represent v. 代表,表示□basis n. 基础;根据□content n. 满意,满足□factor n. 因素,要素□defend v. (在比赛中)防守,防卫 □conflict n.武装冲突,战斗,战争□ideal adj. 理想的,最好的
□display n. 显示器□monitor v. 监视,监测□available adj. 可用的,可获得的 □skip v.跳绳□interpret v.理解,了解,解释□data n. 数据,资料□label n. 标记,标签□network n. 人际关系网,联络网
□tension n.紧张,焦虑□ache v. (持续而隐隐地)作痛□persuade v. 说服,劝服 □champion n. (尤指体育比赛中的)冠军,第一名□ultimate adj. (目标等)最终的
拓展单词·联想记□equipment n.装备,设备,用具→equip v.装备,配备 □death n. 死,死亡 →die v. 死,死亡 →dead adj. 死亡的→dying adj. 垂死的□adjustable adj. 可调整的,可调节的→adjust v. 调整,调节→adjustment n.调整,调节□balance n.平衡→balanced adj. 平衡的□involve v. 包含,需要 →involved adj.参与的,有关联的 →involvement n.参与,牵涉
□response n. 回答,答复 → respond v. 回答,答复,回应□power n.力量→powerful adj.有力的,强大的□disappear v.消失,不见→disappearance n.消失,不见→appear v.出现□sweaty adj.满是汗的,被汗水湿透的→sweat n.汗水□inspire v. 鼓舞,激励 →inspiring adj.鼓舞人心的→inspiration n.鼓舞,灵感
重点短语·高效记□given that 鉴于,考虑到□go back to 追溯到,回到□to one’s heart’s content 尽情地,心满意足地□put down 放下,记下□a matter of life and death 生死攸关的事情,成败的关键
□as well as 除……之外,也,此外□around the corner 即将发生□in turn 反过来,依次□raise money 筹集资金□die out 消失,灭绝
Period 1 Starting out & Understanding ideasNO.1 benefit n. 益处v.对……有用;使受益【教材语境】What benefits can you get from doing sports? (P25) 做运动能给你带来什么好处?
核心词汇探究
【语块归纳】benefit from/by 得益于;得利于be of benefit to 对……有利for one’s benefit=for the benefit of sb. 为了某人的利益beneficial adj.有益的;受益的be beneficial to 有益于
【语境助记】▶Good writing skills will help us improve our grades and benefit us later in life.良好的写作技巧将有助于我们提高成绩,并有利于我们以后的生活。▶I hope what I have written will be of benefit to someone else who may feel the same way. 我希望我所写的内容能对其他和我有同感的人有所裨益。
【链接高考】(2020•江苏高考)For those who can stomach it, working out before breakfast may be more beneficial for health than eating first, according to a study of meal timing and physical activity.根据一项关于用餐时间和体育活动的研究,对于那些不吃早饭也能锻炼的人来说,早餐前锻炼可能比先吃早餐更有利于健康。
NO.2 equipment n. 装备,设备,用具【教材语境】You don’t need expensive equipment; even the ball doesn’t have to cost much money.(P26)你不需要昂贵的设备;即使是球也不需要花很多钱。
【语块归纳】a piece of equipment 一件设备(注意:equipment是不可数名词)equip vt.装备;配备equip...with... 用……装备……be equipped with... 装备有……
【语境助记】▶Many robots are equipped with high-tech sensors and complex learning algorithms. 许多机器人配备有高科技传感器和复杂的学习算法。▶We should equip ourselves with knowledge to keep up with the pace of social development. 我们应该用知识武装自己以跟上社会发展的步伐。
NO.3 defend v.(在比赛中)防守;防卫【教材语境】You do not have to be a fan to recognize the skill of professional players—how they use their bodies to pass,score and defend can be amazing to see.(P26)你不一定要成为一名球迷才能认识到职业球员的技术——他们如何利用自己的身体传球、得分和防守,让人惊叹不已。
【语块归纳】defend...against/from (doing...) 保护……免受……defend oneself 自卫;为自己辩护defence n.防御;防卫in defence (of) 为了保卫;(为……)辩护come to one’s defence 保护某人;为某人辩护
【语境助记】▶The first law of Kung Fu is to defend yourself. 功夫的首要原则是自卫。▶They fought bravely in defence of hearth and home. 他们为了保卫家园英勇作战。▶It’s the duty for every soldier to defend our country against enemies.卫国抗敌是每个军人的职责。
【链接高考】(2020•天津高考)“Small does not mean weak, sir,” she defended herself. “小并不意味着软弱,先生,”她为自己辩解道。
NO.4 conflict n.武装冲突;战斗;战争 v.冲突;抵触【教材语境】World War Ⅰ had broken out months before,but British and German soldiers put down their guns and played football together—one moment of peace to remember during years of conflict. (P27)第一次世界大战几个月前就爆发了,但是英国和德国的士兵放下武器,一起踢足球——这是多年冲突中值得铭记的和平时刻。
【语块归纳】in conflict with 与……有冲突come into conflict with 与……产生冲突conflict with 与……相冲突
【语境助记】▶She found herself in conflict with her parents over her future career.她发现自己在将来择业的问题上与父母存在着分歧。▶The boy often comes into conflict with his classmates, which makes his parents worried.这个男孩经常与他的同学发生冲突,这使他的父母很担心。▶It is obvious that our interests conflict with yours.很明显,我们的利益和你们的相冲突。
NO.5 given that 鉴于;考虑到【教材语境】Given that Neil Armstrong wanted to take a football to the Moon, we could even say that it is also the most popular sport out of this world!(P26)鉴于尼尔·阿姆斯特朗想把足球带上月球,我们甚至可以说它也是地球之外最受欢迎的运动!
【语块归纳】in view of 鉴于;考虑到considering prep.考虑到;就……而论in consideration of 鉴于;考虑到
【语境助记】▶Residents were warned not to waste water, in view of the low rainfall this year. 鉴于今年降雨量少,居民被告诫不得浪费水。▶She’s very active, considering her age. 鉴于她的年龄,她是十分活跃的。
NO.6 go back to 回去;追溯【教材语境】The history of the game goes back over two thousand years to Ancient China. (P26)这项运动的历史要追溯到两千多年前的古代中国。
【语块归纳】date back to 始于;追溯到date from 始于;追溯到
【语境助记】▶Music Television is a remarkable culture phenomenon which can date back to last century. 音乐电视是始于上个世纪末的一种显著的文化现象。▶The origins of gunpowder in China also date from the 9th century AD.火药在中国也是起源于公元9世纪。
【易混提醒】表示“追溯到……,始于……”的这三个短语都不能用于被动。①They discovered paintings dating from the 17th century. 他们发现了17世纪的画作。②In China the needle treatment dates back to ancient times. 在中国,针灸疗法从古代就有了。③The stone steps, dating back to 1855, are beginning to wear.那些可以追溯到1855年的石阶开始出现磨损。
Period 2 Using languageNO.1 adjustable adj.可调整的;可调节的【教材语境】It also has a voice control setting that enables you to stay hands-free, while its waterproof band is fully adjustable so that it is comfortable to wear. (P29)它还有一个语音控制设置,使您可以保持免提状态,而它的防水带是完全可调的,这样戴起来很舒服。
【语块归纳】adjust to 调整;调节adjust ...to 调整……以适应adjust oneself to 使自己适应于……(注意:to为介词)adjustment n.调整;调节;适应
【语境助记】▶It took her a while to adjust to living alone. 她过了一段时间才适应独自生活。▶Adjust your language to the age of your audience. 要根据听众的年龄使用相应的语言。▶I find it difficult to adjust myself to Professor Chamberlain’s way of teaching, which is a far cry from what I have been used to. 我觉得我自己很难适应张伯伦教授的教学方法,它和我所习惯的方法差别很大。
【链接高考】(2019•江苏高考)Adjusting to an upright position was quite a challenge, especially when the bones had to support an extra-large skull. 调整到直立姿势是一个相当大的挑战,尤其是当骨头必须支撑一个超大的头骨时。
【知识拓展】后缀-able-able是形容词后缀,“可……的,能……的;具有……性质的”。
NO.2 available adj.可使用的;可获得的【教材语境】DX Sports Watch is only available online, so go to our website and place your order today! (P29)DX Sports Watch仅在网上提供,请访问我们的网站并立即订购!
【语块归纳】available time 可用时间available data 可用数据be available to do sth. 可用来做某事
【语境助记】▶We must make good use of the available time. 我们必须充分利用可用时间。▶Further information is available from the local tourist office. 进一步信息可向当地的旅游办事处询问。▶This service should be available to everybody, irrespective of whether they can afford it. 这项服务应该面向所有人,不管他们是否负担得起。
【链接高考】(2020•江苏高考)Many lessons are now available online, from which students can choose for free.许多课程现在都可以在网上找到,学生们可以从中免费选择。
NO.3 balance n.平衡 vt.使平衡【教材语境】Using only a rope, you can develop your footwork and balance. (P30)只用一根绳子,你就可以发展你的步法和平衡。
【语块归纳】the balance of nature 生态平衡keep a balance between...and... 保持……与……之间的平衡a balanced diet 平衡的饮食keep one’s balance 保持某人的平衡lose one’s balance 失去某人的平衡out of balance 不平衡
【语境助记】▶She tries to keep a balance between home life and career. 她力图兼顾家庭生活和事业。▶Everyone should keep a balanced diet for health. 为了健康,每个人都应该保持平衡的膳食。▶The girl seemed to be out of balance on the ice.这个女孩在冰上似乎失去了平衡。
【知识拓展】熟词生义Could you please tell me what my bank balance is? ( )
balance n.余额
NO.4 involve v.包含;需要;牵涉;参与【教材语境】It involves doing very slow physical exercises to relax your mind and calm your body. (P31)太极需要做非常缓慢的体育锻炼,以放松你的思想和平静你的身体。
【语块归纳】involvement n.涉及;参与involved adj.涉及的;有关联的be involved in 涉及;卷入
【语境助记】▶Through school projects, students can learn to be involved in community projects ranging from planting trees to cleaning up a park to helping elderly people. 通过学校的项目,学生们可以学着参与一些社区活动,从植树到清理公园再到帮助老年人。▶Deep down, she supported her husband’s involvement in the organization. 在心底里,她支持丈夫参加这个组织。
【链接高考】(2020•天津高考) All who participated have gained a positive outcome from getting involved. 所有参与的人都从参与中获得了积极的结果。
NO.5 response n.回答;答复;回应【教材语境】During the interview, listen carefully to each question and try to understand the main ideas within the interviewee’s responses. (P31)在面试过程中,仔细听每一个问题,并试图理解受访者回答中的主要观点。
【语块归纳】respond v.回应;回答;答复respond to 响应;回应a response to 对……的回应in response to 回应
【语境助记】▶There’s been a positive response to the UN Secretary-General’s recent peace efforts. 联合国秘书长近期为和平所作出的努力得到了积极的回应。▶The report found that youngsters felt their friendships could be at risk if they did not respond to social media posts quickly and around the clock.报告发现,如果年轻人不快速、全天候地回复社交媒体的帖子,他们就会感觉他们之间的友谊可能会面临风险。
【链接高考】(2018•北京高考)Not everyone acts the same in response to events, and that is why what triggers one person may or may not trigger another.不是每个人对事件的反应都是一样的,这就是为什么触怒一个人的东西可能触怒另一个人,也可能不触怒另一个人。
NO.6 as well as 除……之外;也; 此外; 还【教材语境】It has a digital display that records your steps, speed and distance, as well as monitoring your heart rate and calories burnt.(P29)它有一个数字显示器,记录着你的步数、速度和距离,还可以监测你的心率和燃烧的热量。
【语块归纳】as well 也,还in addition(to) 另外,除……之外(还)besides prep.除……之外(还)what’s more 而且;另外
【语境助记】▶In addition to giving a general introduction to computers, the course also provides practical experience.课程除了对计算机进行总体介绍外,还提供实际操作的机会。▶You should remember it, and what’s more, you should get it right. 你应该记住它,更重要的是,应该正确理解它。
【链接高考】(2020•天津高考)He got up and shook Vinnie’s hand warmly, “I’ve heard that you are a talented young woman, and I have found you charming and intelligent as well.”他站起来,热情地握着文尼的手,“我听说你是一个有才华的年轻女子,我发现你也很迷人、很聪明。
【知识拓展】
当as well as连接并列主语时(多数可理解为插入语,有无逗号均可),句中谓语动词的数应该和真正的主语,也就是as well as前面的主语,保持一致,即就远原则。①Helen, as well as her brothers, has gone abroad.海伦和她的兄弟们都出国了。②Tom as well as his parents enjoys fishing.汤姆和他的父母都喜欢钓鱼。
Period 3 Developing ideasNO.1 power n.力量;权力;职权;政权 【教材语境】Then I discovered an app called Running Power.(P33)然后我发现了一个名为Running Power的应用程序。
【语块归纳】come to power 上台,当权(表示动作,不能和一段时间连用)be in power 当权,执政(表示状态,可以和一段时间连用)have the power to do sth.具有做某事的能力/权力beyond/out of one’s power 某人力所不能及的powerful adj.强有力的;强大的
【语境助记】▶It is beyond my power to help you. 我爱莫能助。▶There was a time when the little girl lost the power of speech.有一段时间,这个小女孩失去了说话的能力。▶Biden came to power on January 20, 2021.拜登2021年1月20号上台执政。▶With one heart and mind, we are building a modern, powerful socialist country. 我们正万众一心建设社会主义现代化强国。
NO.2 inspire v. 激励;鼓舞;激发;启示【教材语境】End by saying why he/she inspires you. (P34)最后说说他/她为什么会激励你。
【语块归纳】inspire sb.to do sth. 激励某人做某事inspiring adj.令人鼓舞的,鼓舞人心的inspired adj.受到鼓舞的inspiration n.灵感;鼓舞
【语境助记】▶The book was inspired by a real person, namely Tamara de Treaux. 这本书的灵感源于一个真实人物,即塔玛拉·德特罗。▶We need an adult who can inspire the team to cheer up.我们需要一位能激励团队振奋起来的成年人。
【链接高考】(2021•浙江高考) It was inspiring but the evidence was unreliable.这很鼓舞人心,但证据不可靠。
NO.3 persuade v. 说服;劝服【教材语境】He then persuaded me to try ice hockey. (P35)然后他说服我去打冰球。
【语块归纳】persuade sb. to do sth.=persuade sb. into doing sth.说服某人做某事persuade sb. not to do sth.=persuade sb. out of doing sth.说服某人不要做某事persuade sb. of sth.说服某人相信某事
【语境助记】▶They tried to persuade us of the truth of the report. 他们设法让我们相信报道是真实的。▶He is so stubborn that no one can persuade him to do/into doing anything. 他是如此的固执以至于没人能说服他做任何事。▶None of us could persuade him out of lending his money to that untrustworthy man. 我们谁都不能说服他不要借钱给那个不可靠的人。
【链接高考】(2020•全国Ⅲ卷) I do know how upset the shop staff can get, but I try to persuade them to keep smiling.我知道店员会有多沮丧,但我努力说服他们保持微笑。
【知识拓展】persuade & advise
NO.4 around the corner 在拐角处;即将发生;即将来临【教材语境】As a computer engineer, there’s always a new challenge just around the corner!(P33) 作为一名计算机工程师,总是会有一个新的挑战即将来临!
【语块归纳】in a corner 在角落里;处于困境;秘密地
【语境助记】▶There’s a little gift shop around the corner. 在拐角处有一家小礼品店。
【链接高考】(2020•天津高考) And you might find it relaxing to bring your small kid to a half-hour Story Time while you sit quietly in a corner with a good book.或许你会发现带着小孩到图书馆的半小时的“故事时间”,而你坐在角落里品读一本好书,这是多么惬意的一件事情啊。
NO.5 in turn 反过来;依次 【教材语境】 It can be quite stressful at times, though, which in turn makes me feel anxious. (P33) 但有时压力很大,这反过来又让我感到焦虑。
【语块归纳】in return (for...) 作为(……的)回报take turns to do sth. 轮流做某事It’s one’s turn to do sth. 轮到某人做某事
【语境助记】▶The girls took turns to wipe down the tables after meals.女孩子们饭后轮流擦桌子。▶He gave me a gift in return for my help. 他给我一个礼物作为我帮助他的报答。▶It’s your turn to take the dog for a walk. 轮到你去遛狗了。
【高频句式】句式1 “be+adj.+to do”结构 【教材语境】It is fun enough to attract millions of people. (P26)它很有趣,足以吸引数百万的人。
疑难句式破解
【句式解构】本句是“It is+adj.+to do”表示“做某事是……”,it是形式主语,真正的主语是不定式。在“be+adj.+to do”句型中,形容词多为表示主语的性质、特征的词,如easy,hard,difficult,interesting,heavy,pleasant,good 等;不定式和句子主语是动宾关系,但用主动形式表示被动意义。
【语境助记】▶The sentence is difficult for us to understand.这个句子我们很难理解。
句式2 “ see+宾语+宾语补足语”【教材语境】All over the world you can see kids playing to their hearts’ content with a ball made of plastic bags. (P26)在世界各地,你都可以看到孩子们尽情地踢由塑料袋做成的球。
【句式解构】see在句中接复合宾语,宾语是kids,宾语补足语是playing。宾语与宾语补足语之间构成主动关系,故此处使用现在分词。
【语境助记】▶When the actor woke up,he saw his bag stolen.当这位演员醒来时,发现他的包被偷了。(过去分词作宾语补足语表示被动)▶When she woke up,she saw herself in hospital.当她醒来时,发觉自己在医院里。(介词短语作宾语补足语)
【长难句分析】难句1 Football as we know it today started in Great Britain, where the game was given new rules. (P26)
【句子解构】
【深度分析】这是一个主从复合句,主句是Football started in Great Britain。as是关系代词,意为“正如”,引导定语从句修饰先行词Football;关系副词where引导非限制性定语从句,修饰先行词Great Britain。【参考译文】我们今天所知道的足球起源于英国;在那里,足球运动有了新的规则。
难句2 All over the world you can see kids playing to their hearts’ content with a ball made of plastic bags; just like Pelé did when he was a boy.(P26)
【句子解构】
【深度分析】这是一个主从复合句,主句是you can see kids playing。All over the world在主句中作地点状语;to their hearts’ content with a ball作方式状语;made of plastic bags是过去分词短语作后置定语,修饰名词ball;just like Pelé did是方式状语从句,just like意为“就像……”;when引导时间状语从句。【参考译文】在世界各地,你可以看到孩子们玩着塑料袋做成的足球,玩得心满意足;就像贝利小时候做的那样。
一、动词不定式的结构 动词不定式有形式和语态变化,通常有下表中的几种形式(以do为例):
语法精讲突破
二、动词不定式作定语 动词不定式作定语,一般都是作后置定语,修饰前面的名词或代词。以下几种情况常使用动词不定式作定语:
1.被修饰词是表示将来的动作时。根据需要,动词不定式可用主动或被动形式,但其含义有所不同。▶I have a composition to write.我有一篇作文要写。(不定式to write的动作执行者是主语I)▶The building to be built next month will be a modern hospital.下个月要建的那座楼将是一个现代化的医院。(不定式to be built的动作执行者是“别人”,和句子主语The building之间是被动关系)。
2.放在序数词、形容词最高级,the last, the only, no, any, all等之后或被这些词修饰的名词/代词之后。▶He is the best man to do the job.他是做这项工作的最佳人选。3.被修饰词是表示抽象意义的名词时,常用动词不定式作后置定语,且动词不定式常用主动形式。常见的此类名词有ability, chance, idea, right, evidence, attempt, plan, way, reason, opportunity, time等。 ▶He has a strange way to make his classes lively and interesting.他有一种奇特的方法使他的课生动有趣。
【易错提示】动词不定式的执行者是句子的主语,用主动形式to do作定语;强调动词不定式另有一个执行者,用被动形式to be done作定语。▶I have a letter to post,so I can’t go to swim with you.我有一封信要寄,所以我不能和你一起去游泳。(寄信的执行者是句子主语I)
▶I have a letter to be posted.Can you help me? (寄信的执行者是其他人)我有一封信要寄出去,你能帮我吗?注意:动词不定式为不及物动词时,应有必要的介词。▶Do you have enough paper to write on?你有足够的纸来写字吗?
三、动词不定式作状语1.动词不定式作目的状语,可与so as to/in order to替换,但so as to一般不可置于句首。▶They started early so as to/in order to /to get there in time.为了及时赶到那里,他们很早就出发了。2.动词不定式作结果状语,常表示意想不到的结果,常用only to do。▶He hurried to the railway station,only to find the train had left.他匆忙赶到火车站,却发现火车已经开走了。
3.enough+名词+to do或形容词/副词+enough+to do“足够……”,动词不定式作结果状语。▶The Californian ship didn’t arrive early enough to save more people.=The Californian ship arrived too late to save more people.加利福尼亚号来得太晚,没能挽救更多的人。4.so+形容词/副词+as to do或such+形容词+名词+as to do“如此……以至于……”,动词不定式作结果状语。▶He is so kind as to help the old lady off the bus.他是如此善良以至于帮助这位老太太下车。
Unit 3 On the move
必备词汇速记
重点单词·快速记 □represent v. 代表,表示□basis n. 基础;根据□content n. 满意,满足□factor n. 因素,要素□defend v. (在比赛中)防守,防卫 □conflict n.武装冲突,战斗,战争□ideal adj. 理想的,最好的
□display n. 显示器□monitor v. 监视,监测□available adj. 可用的,可获得的 □skip v.跳绳□interpret v.理解,了解,解释□data n. 数据,资料□label n. 标记,标签□network n. 人际关系网,联络网
□tension n.紧张,焦虑□ache v. (持续而隐隐地)作痛□persuade v. 说服,劝服 □champion n. (尤指体育比赛中的)冠军,第一名□ultimate adj. (目标等)最终的
拓展单词·联想记□equipment n.装备,设备,用具→equip v.装备,配备 □death n. 死,死亡 →die v. 死,死亡 →dead adj. 死亡的→dying adj. 垂死的□adjustable adj. 可调整的,可调节的→adjust v. 调整,调节→adjustment n.调整,调节□balance n.平衡→balanced adj. 平衡的□involve v. 包含,需要 →involved adj.参与的,有关联的 →involvement n.参与,牵涉
□response n. 回答,答复 → respond v. 回答,答复,回应□power n.力量→powerful adj.有力的,强大的□disappear v.消失,不见→disappearance n.消失,不见→appear v.出现□sweaty adj.满是汗的,被汗水湿透的→sweat n.汗水□inspire v. 鼓舞,激励 →inspiring adj.鼓舞人心的→inspiration n.鼓舞,灵感
重点短语·高效记□given that 鉴于,考虑到□go back to 追溯到,回到□to one’s heart’s content 尽情地,心满意足地□put down 放下,记下□a matter of life and death 生死攸关的事情,成败的关键
□as well as 除……之外,也,此外□around the corner 即将发生□in turn 反过来,依次□raise money 筹集资金□die out 消失,灭绝
Period 1 Starting out & Understanding ideasNO.1 benefit n. 益处v.对……有用;使受益【教材语境】What benefits can you get from doing sports? (P25) 做运动能给你带来什么好处?
核心词汇探究
【语块归纳】benefit from/by 得益于;得利于be of benefit to 对……有利for one’s benefit=for the benefit of sb. 为了某人的利益beneficial adj.有益的;受益的be beneficial to 有益于
【语境助记】▶Good writing skills will help us improve our grades and benefit us later in life.良好的写作技巧将有助于我们提高成绩,并有利于我们以后的生活。▶I hope what I have written will be of benefit to someone else who may feel the same way. 我希望我所写的内容能对其他和我有同感的人有所裨益。
【链接高考】(2020•江苏高考)For those who can stomach it, working out before breakfast may be more beneficial for health than eating first, according to a study of meal timing and physical activity.根据一项关于用餐时间和体育活动的研究,对于那些不吃早饭也能锻炼的人来说,早餐前锻炼可能比先吃早餐更有利于健康。
NO.2 equipment n. 装备,设备,用具【教材语境】You don’t need expensive equipment; even the ball doesn’t have to cost much money.(P26)你不需要昂贵的设备;即使是球也不需要花很多钱。
【语块归纳】a piece of equipment 一件设备(注意:equipment是不可数名词)equip vt.装备;配备equip...with... 用……装备……be equipped with... 装备有……
【语境助记】▶Many robots are equipped with high-tech sensors and complex learning algorithms. 许多机器人配备有高科技传感器和复杂的学习算法。▶We should equip ourselves with knowledge to keep up with the pace of social development. 我们应该用知识武装自己以跟上社会发展的步伐。
NO.3 defend v.(在比赛中)防守;防卫【教材语境】You do not have to be a fan to recognize the skill of professional players—how they use their bodies to pass,score and defend can be amazing to see.(P26)你不一定要成为一名球迷才能认识到职业球员的技术——他们如何利用自己的身体传球、得分和防守,让人惊叹不已。
【语块归纳】defend...against/from (doing...) 保护……免受……defend oneself 自卫;为自己辩护defence n.防御;防卫in defence (of) 为了保卫;(为……)辩护come to one’s defence 保护某人;为某人辩护
【语境助记】▶The first law of Kung Fu is to defend yourself. 功夫的首要原则是自卫。▶They fought bravely in defence of hearth and home. 他们为了保卫家园英勇作战。▶It’s the duty for every soldier to defend our country against enemies.卫国抗敌是每个军人的职责。
【链接高考】(2020•天津高考)“Small does not mean weak, sir,” she defended herself. “小并不意味着软弱,先生,”她为自己辩解道。
NO.4 conflict n.武装冲突;战斗;战争 v.冲突;抵触【教材语境】World War Ⅰ had broken out months before,but British and German soldiers put down their guns and played football together—one moment of peace to remember during years of conflict. (P27)第一次世界大战几个月前就爆发了,但是英国和德国的士兵放下武器,一起踢足球——这是多年冲突中值得铭记的和平时刻。
【语块归纳】in conflict with 与……有冲突come into conflict with 与……产生冲突conflict with 与……相冲突
【语境助记】▶She found herself in conflict with her parents over her future career.她发现自己在将来择业的问题上与父母存在着分歧。▶The boy often comes into conflict with his classmates, which makes his parents worried.这个男孩经常与他的同学发生冲突,这使他的父母很担心。▶It is obvious that our interests conflict with yours.很明显,我们的利益和你们的相冲突。
NO.5 given that 鉴于;考虑到【教材语境】Given that Neil Armstrong wanted to take a football to the Moon, we could even say that it is also the most popular sport out of this world!(P26)鉴于尼尔·阿姆斯特朗想把足球带上月球,我们甚至可以说它也是地球之外最受欢迎的运动!
【语块归纳】in view of 鉴于;考虑到considering prep.考虑到;就……而论in consideration of 鉴于;考虑到
【语境助记】▶Residents were warned not to waste water, in view of the low rainfall this year. 鉴于今年降雨量少,居民被告诫不得浪费水。▶She’s very active, considering her age. 鉴于她的年龄,她是十分活跃的。
NO.6 go back to 回去;追溯【教材语境】The history of the game goes back over two thousand years to Ancient China. (P26)这项运动的历史要追溯到两千多年前的古代中国。
【语块归纳】date back to 始于;追溯到date from 始于;追溯到
【语境助记】▶Music Television is a remarkable culture phenomenon which can date back to last century. 音乐电视是始于上个世纪末的一种显著的文化现象。▶The origins of gunpowder in China also date from the 9th century AD.火药在中国也是起源于公元9世纪。
【易混提醒】表示“追溯到……,始于……”的这三个短语都不能用于被动。①They discovered paintings dating from the 17th century. 他们发现了17世纪的画作。②In China the needle treatment dates back to ancient times. 在中国,针灸疗法从古代就有了。③The stone steps, dating back to 1855, are beginning to wear.那些可以追溯到1855年的石阶开始出现磨损。
Period 2 Using languageNO.1 adjustable adj.可调整的;可调节的【教材语境】It also has a voice control setting that enables you to stay hands-free, while its waterproof band is fully adjustable so that it is comfortable to wear. (P29)它还有一个语音控制设置,使您可以保持免提状态,而它的防水带是完全可调的,这样戴起来很舒服。
【语块归纳】adjust to 调整;调节adjust ...to 调整……以适应adjust oneself to 使自己适应于……(注意:to为介词)adjustment n.调整;调节;适应
【语境助记】▶It took her a while to adjust to living alone. 她过了一段时间才适应独自生活。▶Adjust your language to the age of your audience. 要根据听众的年龄使用相应的语言。▶I find it difficult to adjust myself to Professor Chamberlain’s way of teaching, which is a far cry from what I have been used to. 我觉得我自己很难适应张伯伦教授的教学方法,它和我所习惯的方法差别很大。
【链接高考】(2019•江苏高考)Adjusting to an upright position was quite a challenge, especially when the bones had to support an extra-large skull. 调整到直立姿势是一个相当大的挑战,尤其是当骨头必须支撑一个超大的头骨时。
【知识拓展】后缀-able-able是形容词后缀,“可……的,能……的;具有……性质的”。
NO.2 available adj.可使用的;可获得的【教材语境】DX Sports Watch is only available online, so go to our website and place your order today! (P29)DX Sports Watch仅在网上提供,请访问我们的网站并立即订购!
【语块归纳】available time 可用时间available data 可用数据be available to do sth. 可用来做某事
【语境助记】▶We must make good use of the available time. 我们必须充分利用可用时间。▶Further information is available from the local tourist office. 进一步信息可向当地的旅游办事处询问。▶This service should be available to everybody, irrespective of whether they can afford it. 这项服务应该面向所有人,不管他们是否负担得起。
【链接高考】(2020•江苏高考)Many lessons are now available online, from which students can choose for free.许多课程现在都可以在网上找到,学生们可以从中免费选择。
NO.3 balance n.平衡 vt.使平衡【教材语境】Using only a rope, you can develop your footwork and balance. (P30)只用一根绳子,你就可以发展你的步法和平衡。
【语块归纳】the balance of nature 生态平衡keep a balance between...and... 保持……与……之间的平衡a balanced diet 平衡的饮食keep one’s balance 保持某人的平衡lose one’s balance 失去某人的平衡out of balance 不平衡
【语境助记】▶She tries to keep a balance between home life and career. 她力图兼顾家庭生活和事业。▶Everyone should keep a balanced diet for health. 为了健康,每个人都应该保持平衡的膳食。▶The girl seemed to be out of balance on the ice.这个女孩在冰上似乎失去了平衡。
【知识拓展】熟词生义Could you please tell me what my bank balance is? ( )
balance n.余额
NO.4 involve v.包含;需要;牵涉;参与【教材语境】It involves doing very slow physical exercises to relax your mind and calm your body. (P31)太极需要做非常缓慢的体育锻炼,以放松你的思想和平静你的身体。
【语块归纳】involvement n.涉及;参与involved adj.涉及的;有关联的be involved in 涉及;卷入
【语境助记】▶Through school projects, students can learn to be involved in community projects ranging from planting trees to cleaning up a park to helping elderly people. 通过学校的项目,学生们可以学着参与一些社区活动,从植树到清理公园再到帮助老年人。▶Deep down, she supported her husband’s involvement in the organization. 在心底里,她支持丈夫参加这个组织。
【链接高考】(2020•天津高考) All who participated have gained a positive outcome from getting involved. 所有参与的人都从参与中获得了积极的结果。
NO.5 response n.回答;答复;回应【教材语境】During the interview, listen carefully to each question and try to understand the main ideas within the interviewee’s responses. (P31)在面试过程中,仔细听每一个问题,并试图理解受访者回答中的主要观点。
【语块归纳】respond v.回应;回答;答复respond to 响应;回应a response to 对……的回应in response to 回应
【语境助记】▶There’s been a positive response to the UN Secretary-General’s recent peace efforts. 联合国秘书长近期为和平所作出的努力得到了积极的回应。▶The report found that youngsters felt their friendships could be at risk if they did not respond to social media posts quickly and around the clock.报告发现,如果年轻人不快速、全天候地回复社交媒体的帖子,他们就会感觉他们之间的友谊可能会面临风险。
【链接高考】(2018•北京高考)Not everyone acts the same in response to events, and that is why what triggers one person may or may not trigger another.不是每个人对事件的反应都是一样的,这就是为什么触怒一个人的东西可能触怒另一个人,也可能不触怒另一个人。
NO.6 as well as 除……之外;也; 此外; 还【教材语境】It has a digital display that records your steps, speed and distance, as well as monitoring your heart rate and calories burnt.(P29)它有一个数字显示器,记录着你的步数、速度和距离,还可以监测你的心率和燃烧的热量。
【语块归纳】as well 也,还in addition(to) 另外,除……之外(还)besides prep.除……之外(还)what’s more 而且;另外
【语境助记】▶In addition to giving a general introduction to computers, the course also provides practical experience.课程除了对计算机进行总体介绍外,还提供实际操作的机会。▶You should remember it, and what’s more, you should get it right. 你应该记住它,更重要的是,应该正确理解它。
【链接高考】(2020•天津高考)He got up and shook Vinnie’s hand warmly, “I’ve heard that you are a talented young woman, and I have found you charming and intelligent as well.”他站起来,热情地握着文尼的手,“我听说你是一个有才华的年轻女子,我发现你也很迷人、很聪明。
【知识拓展】
当as well as连接并列主语时(多数可理解为插入语,有无逗号均可),句中谓语动词的数应该和真正的主语,也就是as well as前面的主语,保持一致,即就远原则。①Helen, as well as her brothers, has gone abroad.海伦和她的兄弟们都出国了。②Tom as well as his parents enjoys fishing.汤姆和他的父母都喜欢钓鱼。
Period 3 Developing ideasNO.1 power n.力量;权力;职权;政权 【教材语境】Then I discovered an app called Running Power.(P33)然后我发现了一个名为Running Power的应用程序。
【语块归纳】come to power 上台,当权(表示动作,不能和一段时间连用)be in power 当权,执政(表示状态,可以和一段时间连用)have the power to do sth.具有做某事的能力/权力beyond/out of one’s power 某人力所不能及的powerful adj.强有力的;强大的
【语境助记】▶It is beyond my power to help you. 我爱莫能助。▶There was a time when the little girl lost the power of speech.有一段时间,这个小女孩失去了说话的能力。▶Biden came to power on January 20, 2021.拜登2021年1月20号上台执政。▶With one heart and mind, we are building a modern, powerful socialist country. 我们正万众一心建设社会主义现代化强国。
NO.2 inspire v. 激励;鼓舞;激发;启示【教材语境】End by saying why he/she inspires you. (P34)最后说说他/她为什么会激励你。
【语块归纳】inspire sb.to do sth. 激励某人做某事inspiring adj.令人鼓舞的,鼓舞人心的inspired adj.受到鼓舞的inspiration n.灵感;鼓舞
【语境助记】▶The book was inspired by a real person, namely Tamara de Treaux. 这本书的灵感源于一个真实人物,即塔玛拉·德特罗。▶We need an adult who can inspire the team to cheer up.我们需要一位能激励团队振奋起来的成年人。
【链接高考】(2021•浙江高考) It was inspiring but the evidence was unreliable.这很鼓舞人心,但证据不可靠。
NO.3 persuade v. 说服;劝服【教材语境】He then persuaded me to try ice hockey. (P35)然后他说服我去打冰球。
【语块归纳】persuade sb. to do sth.=persuade sb. into doing sth.说服某人做某事persuade sb. not to do sth.=persuade sb. out of doing sth.说服某人不要做某事persuade sb. of sth.说服某人相信某事
【语境助记】▶They tried to persuade us of the truth of the report. 他们设法让我们相信报道是真实的。▶He is so stubborn that no one can persuade him to do/into doing anything. 他是如此的固执以至于没人能说服他做任何事。▶None of us could persuade him out of lending his money to that untrustworthy man. 我们谁都不能说服他不要借钱给那个不可靠的人。
【链接高考】(2020•全国Ⅲ卷) I do know how upset the shop staff can get, but I try to persuade them to keep smiling.我知道店员会有多沮丧,但我努力说服他们保持微笑。
【知识拓展】persuade & advise
NO.4 around the corner 在拐角处;即将发生;即将来临【教材语境】As a computer engineer, there’s always a new challenge just around the corner!(P33) 作为一名计算机工程师,总是会有一个新的挑战即将来临!
【语块归纳】in a corner 在角落里;处于困境;秘密地
【语境助记】▶There’s a little gift shop around the corner. 在拐角处有一家小礼品店。
【链接高考】(2020•天津高考) And you might find it relaxing to bring your small kid to a half-hour Story Time while you sit quietly in a corner with a good book.或许你会发现带着小孩到图书馆的半小时的“故事时间”,而你坐在角落里品读一本好书,这是多么惬意的一件事情啊。
NO.5 in turn 反过来;依次 【教材语境】 It can be quite stressful at times, though, which in turn makes me feel anxious. (P33) 但有时压力很大,这反过来又让我感到焦虑。
【语块归纳】in return (for...) 作为(……的)回报take turns to do sth. 轮流做某事It’s one’s turn to do sth. 轮到某人做某事
【语境助记】▶The girls took turns to wipe down the tables after meals.女孩子们饭后轮流擦桌子。▶He gave me a gift in return for my help. 他给我一个礼物作为我帮助他的报答。▶It’s your turn to take the dog for a walk. 轮到你去遛狗了。
【高频句式】句式1 “be+adj.+to do”结构 【教材语境】It is fun enough to attract millions of people. (P26)它很有趣,足以吸引数百万的人。
疑难句式破解
【句式解构】本句是“It is+adj.+to do”表示“做某事是……”,it是形式主语,真正的主语是不定式。在“be+adj.+to do”句型中,形容词多为表示主语的性质、特征的词,如easy,hard,difficult,interesting,heavy,pleasant,good 等;不定式和句子主语是动宾关系,但用主动形式表示被动意义。
【语境助记】▶The sentence is difficult for us to understand.这个句子我们很难理解。
句式2 “ see+宾语+宾语补足语”【教材语境】All over the world you can see kids playing to their hearts’ content with a ball made of plastic bags. (P26)在世界各地,你都可以看到孩子们尽情地踢由塑料袋做成的球。
【句式解构】see在句中接复合宾语,宾语是kids,宾语补足语是playing。宾语与宾语补足语之间构成主动关系,故此处使用现在分词。
【语境助记】▶When the actor woke up,he saw his bag stolen.当这位演员醒来时,发现他的包被偷了。(过去分词作宾语补足语表示被动)▶When she woke up,she saw herself in hospital.当她醒来时,发觉自己在医院里。(介词短语作宾语补足语)
【长难句分析】难句1 Football as we know it today started in Great Britain, where the game was given new rules. (P26)
【句子解构】
【深度分析】这是一个主从复合句,主句是Football started in Great Britain。as是关系代词,意为“正如”,引导定语从句修饰先行词Football;关系副词where引导非限制性定语从句,修饰先行词Great Britain。【参考译文】我们今天所知道的足球起源于英国;在那里,足球运动有了新的规则。
难句2 All over the world you can see kids playing to their hearts’ content with a ball made of plastic bags; just like Pelé did when he was a boy.(P26)
【句子解构】
【深度分析】这是一个主从复合句,主句是you can see kids playing。All over the world在主句中作地点状语;to their hearts’ content with a ball作方式状语;made of plastic bags是过去分词短语作后置定语,修饰名词ball;just like Pelé did是方式状语从句,just like意为“就像……”;when引导时间状语从句。【参考译文】在世界各地,你可以看到孩子们玩着塑料袋做成的足球,玩得心满意足;就像贝利小时候做的那样。
一、动词不定式的结构 动词不定式有形式和语态变化,通常有下表中的几种形式(以do为例):
语法精讲突破
二、动词不定式作定语 动词不定式作定语,一般都是作后置定语,修饰前面的名词或代词。以下几种情况常使用动词不定式作定语:
1.被修饰词是表示将来的动作时。根据需要,动词不定式可用主动或被动形式,但其含义有所不同。▶I have a composition to write.我有一篇作文要写。(不定式to write的动作执行者是主语I)▶The building to be built next month will be a modern hospital.下个月要建的那座楼将是一个现代化的医院。(不定式to be built的动作执行者是“别人”,和句子主语The building之间是被动关系)。
2.放在序数词、形容词最高级,the last, the only, no, any, all等之后或被这些词修饰的名词/代词之后。▶He is the best man to do the job.他是做这项工作的最佳人选。3.被修饰词是表示抽象意义的名词时,常用动词不定式作后置定语,且动词不定式常用主动形式。常见的此类名词有ability, chance, idea, right, evidence, attempt, plan, way, reason, opportunity, time等。 ▶He has a strange way to make his classes lively and interesting.他有一种奇特的方法使他的课生动有趣。
【易错提示】动词不定式的执行者是句子的主语,用主动形式to do作定语;强调动词不定式另有一个执行者,用被动形式to be done作定语。▶I have a letter to post,so I can’t go to swim with you.我有一封信要寄,所以我不能和你一起去游泳。(寄信的执行者是句子主语I)
▶I have a letter to be posted.Can you help me? (寄信的执行者是其他人)我有一封信要寄出去,你能帮我吗?注意:动词不定式为不及物动词时,应有必要的介词。▶Do you have enough paper to write on?你有足够的纸来写字吗?
三、动词不定式作状语1.动词不定式作目的状语,可与so as to/in order to替换,但so as to一般不可置于句首。▶They started early so as to/in order to /to get there in time.为了及时赶到那里,他们很早就出发了。2.动词不定式作结果状语,常表示意想不到的结果,常用only to do。▶He hurried to the railway station,only to find the train had left.他匆忙赶到火车站,却发现火车已经开走了。
3.enough+名词+to do或形容词/副词+enough+to do“足够……”,动词不定式作结果状语。▶The Californian ship didn’t arrive early enough to save more people.=The Californian ship arrived too late to save more people.加利福尼亚号来得太晚,没能挽救更多的人。4.so+形容词/副词+as to do或such+形容词+名词+as to do“如此……以至于……”,动词不定式作结果状语。▶He is so kind as to help the old lady off the bus.他是如此善良以至于帮助这位老太太下车。
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