专题08 阅读技巧--细节理解题、词义猜测题-中考英语知识及解题技巧（牛津译林版）

这是一份专题08 阅读技巧--细节理解题、词义猜测题-中考英语知识及解题技巧（牛津译林版），文件包含专题08阅读技巧--细节理解题词义猜测题解析版doc、专题08阅读技巧--细节理解题词义猜测题原卷版doc等2份试卷配套教学资源，其中试卷共38页， 欢迎下载使用。

细节理解题
1.题型特点
这类题在阅读理解中所占比例较大。它常常针对文章中的事实和细节进行提问,即针对(w)h-问题,如用when,where,why,hw,wh,which,what等进行提问,目的在于测试学生对说明文章中心思想的支撑事实和细节的理解能力。
2.细节理解题主要的设问方式
①Which f the fllwing is true/nt true?
②Which f the fllwing is mentined/nt mentined in the passage?
③Which f the fllwing statements is true accrding t this passage?
④Which f the fllwing best
⑤Which f the fllwing shws/gives the right relatinship /psitin
⑥
3.细节理解题的解题技巧
所谓“事实细节”,是指在阅读理解的短文中客观存在的事实。细节理解题的答案一般都可以在原文中找到。一般来说,应在短文中找出相关信息的位置,确定试题测试的考点。当然,有的试题还得对原文所提供的事实进行一定的分析比较,才能做出正确的选择。
(1)搜寻直接答案的阅读技巧
先阅读所给的问题,判断其是否适合采用直接搜寻的阅读方法。如果所提问题是文章中出现的内容(即直接性答案),就可直接搜寻答案。
(2)搜寻间接答案的阅读技巧
①阅读文章所给的问题,判断哪些题目可以依靠通读来解决。比如概括文章主题,给无标题文章选标题,指出作者的观点、意图等的题目就需要依靠通读来解决。
②用较短的时间大体上浏览一下阅读材料,注意文章有可能涉及什么内容,属于什么体裁,以及文章安排的大体轮廓等。
③从头到尾阅读一遍。一般来说,第一段或前几句包含作者的基本思想和下文的发展线索,它是全文展开的基础,为下文发展搭建了理论框架。认真阅读第一段或文章的前几句,尽量抓住其中的主要情节和论点,把握全文发展的脉络。
④有些细节题容易出错主要有几种情况:
a.干扰项多。类似的内容多而杂,需要从中找出准确答案。例如:短文同时出现多个朋友,过去现在的十几种爱好,细节题考某人过去的爱好,需要在多而杂的内容中,带上问题,逐一去寻找,比对,找到正确选项。
b.迷惑性强。例:文中出现总金牌数,问题问的是奥运金牌数,粗心的考生易错选总金牌数。这类题要看清关键信息。
词义猜测题
题型特点
这类题型旨在考查学生利用上下文对词、词组以及句子的辨别能力。利用上下文猜测词义是阅读理解的基本技巧之一,也是我们学习词汇的主要方法。在阅读过程中,有些同学一遇到生僻词语就查词典,这是不可取的。一遇到生僻词语就查阅词典不但会使我们养成依赖词典的习惯,而且还会影响阅读速度。我们阅读汉语文章时遇到不认识的词语是否都查词典呢?答案是否定的。可是我们是如何理解它们的呢?利用上下文提示猜测词义就是诀窍。
词义猜测题的类型主要有三种:熟词新义要求学生在某一特定的语言环境中推断某一多义词的正确意思;生词释义要求学生根据范围较小的上下文推断出词义;难句释义要求学生根据范围稍大的上下文推断句意。
2.词义猜测题主要的设问方式
①What’s the meaning f the underlined Chinese?
②The underlined t/prbably means...
③The underlined be replaced by...
④What is the meaning f...
⑤Which f the fllwing wrds can take the place f the
3.词义猜测题的解题技巧
(1)通过因果关系猜测词义
通过因果关系猜词,首先是找出生词所在部分与上下文之间的逻辑关系,然后才能猜词义。有时文章借助关联词(如because,as,since,fr,s,thus,as a result,f curse,therefre等)表示因果关系。
例Yu shuldn’t have blamed him fr that,fr it wasn’t his fault.
解析 通过fr引出的句子所表示的原因(那不是他的错),可猜出blame的词义是“责备”。
(2)通过同义词和同义关系猜测词义
在文章中,有时作者为避免重复,或为了表达同一事物的不同种类,使用同义词或近义词。在这种情况下,我们就可以利用同义词、近义词的关系由熟悉的词语推测不熟悉词语的含义。
通过同义词猜词,一是要看由and或r连接的同义词词组,如happy and gay,即使我们不认识gay这个词,也可以知道它是“愉快”的意思;二是看在进一步解释的过程中使用的同义词。
例 Man has knwn smething abut the planets Venus,Mars,and Jupiter with the help f spaceships.
解析 此句中的Venus(金星),Mars(火星),Jupiter(木星)均为生词,但只要知道planets就可猜出这几个词都属于“行星”这一领域。
(3)通过反义词和反义关系猜测词义
有时作者为了说明相反的两件事或人,使用了一些反义词或表示反义关系的词语来进行对比,我们可以利用已知单词推测未知单词的词义。
通过反义词猜词,一是看表转折关系的连词或副词,如but,while,hwever等;二是看与nt搭配的或表示否定意义的词语。
例 He is s hmely,nt at all as handsme as his brther.
解析 根据“nt at all as handsme...”我们不难推测出hmely是“不英俊,不漂亮”的意思。
(4)通过构词法猜测词义
在阅读文章时,我们总会遇上一些生词,有时很难根据上下文来推断其词义,而它们对文章的理解又有着举足轻重的作用。此时,如掌握了一些常用的词根、前缀、后缀等构词法知识,这些问题便不难解决了。
(5)通过定义或释义关系猜测词义
定义或解释形式多样,常由is,that is(t say),in ther wrds,call,mean,be cnsidered t be,refer t,be called,be knwn as,define,represent等词汇或破折号来表示。作者为了更好地表达思想,在文章中对一些重要的概念、难懂的术语或词汇等进行解释。这些解释提供的信息具有明确的针对性,利用它们猜词义比较容易。如果生词是句子或段落所解释的定义,理解句子或段落本身就是推断词义。
例 But smetimes,n rain falls fr a lng,lng time.Then there is a dry perid,r drught.
解析 从drught所在的句子我们得知很久不下雨,于是便有一段干旱的时期,即drught,由此可见drught的意思是“久旱,旱灾”。而a dry perid和drught是同义词。这种同义或释义关系常由is,r,that is,in ther wrds,be called或破折号等来表示。
(6)通过举例来猜测词义
恰当的举例能够提供猜测生词的重要线索。
例 Bananas,ranges,pineapples,ccnuts and sme ther kinds f fruit grw in warm areas.
解析 pineapples和ccnuts是生词,我们可以从这两个词在句中所处的位置来判断它们大概的意思。从句中不难看出pineapples,ccnuts和bananas,ranges是同类关系,同属fruit类,因此它们是两样水果,准确地说,是菠萝和椰子。
(7)通过描述猜测词义
描述即作者为帮助读者更深刻更感性地了解某人或某物而对该人或该物作出的描写。
例 The penguin is a kind f seabird living in the Suth Ple.It is fat and walks in a funny way.Althugh it cannt fly,it can swim in the icy water t catch the fish.
解析 从例句的描述中可以得知penguin是一种生活在南极的鸟类,即企鹅。后面更详尽地描述了该鸟类的生活习性。
(8)根据上下文猜测词义
①有些单词并不能直接猜测出其词义,但可以根据上下文的提示猜测出其词义。
例 One f the things I always believe is that n matter hw bad smething is,yu can take smething psitive ut f it.
It wasn’t until a few weeks after September 11 that I began t see that perhaps sme gd did cme frm this tragedy.
The wrd“psitive”in the passage prbably means .
A.terribleB.badC.gdD.real
解析 根据上文“我一直认为不管世间的事物有多么糟,你还是能发现它积极的一面。”因此答案是C。
②在句子或段落中,若事物、现象之间构成因果关系,我们可以根据这种逻辑关系推知生词词义。
例 If he thinks he can invite me ut,he is all wet.I dn’t like t be with him.
The underlined phrase“all wet”means .
A.drunkB.sweatingC.happyD.wrng
解析 根据下文“我不喜欢跟他在一起”可知,他如果认为能约我出去,那就“错了”。因此D是正确答案。
(9)根据生活常识猜测词义
有时,我们利用自己的生活常识,便可知道生词的含义。
例 A deaf-and-dumb guy went int a hardware stre t ask fr sme nails.
解析 从句子意思可知他想买钉子,那么卖钉子的商店无疑是五金店。
(10)利用单词的发音进行推测
英语中有些单词来自汉语,与汉语的发音有些相似,另外也有一些单词译成汉语时采用音译,如:sfa(沙发),cffee(咖啡),typhn(台风),aspirin(阿司匹林),nyln(尼龙)等。因此,利用单词的发音也是一种猜测的手段。
例 The Olympic Games began in the 5th century BC.
One day it was revealed that Mrs Mrel had cancer and was beynd any help except that f mrphine.
解析 上面这两个句子中画线的两个词,只要我们能准确发音,就能知道它们的意思分别是“奥林匹克”和“吗啡”。
真题训练
一
Living abrad t study can certainly be an interesting experience but is that alne a gd enugh reasn fr spending years far away frm hme? T make the experience truly valuable, there has t be a purpse behind the decisin t study abrad. This may be a wish t perfect language skills in a freign language envirnment, r a clever mve in yur career develpment. Yu must als cnsider the csts, nt just f living and studying abrad, but f applying (申请). Mst universities nw require internatinal students t pay fr applicatin.
If yu are sure that yu want t apply t study abrad after cnsidering these pints, yur next step is t chse the right prgramme f studies. Research yur chices and chse carefully. Yu must d yur hmewrk well. Mst universities have infrmatin nline but yu can als email and ask them t send yu mre details. Yu can find a lt f infrmatin n schl ranking frm educatin websites. But read carefully. Different universities emphasize different strengths. Dn’t just think abut the university’s reputatin (名声); lk fr the ne the mst suitable fr yur purpses.
Next, yu must deal with a large pile f paperwrk. This includes filling in the applicatin frm, preparing yur schl recrds, and getting recmmendatin letters. Reading the instructins and requirements f the universities carefully is f great imprtance. Sadly, many fine applicants (申请者) get kicked ut in the first rund, simply because they dn’t fllw the applicatin prcedure (程序) prperly.
Mney is anther imprtant cnsideratin. Sme schlarships are prvided by gvernments, and thers by schls and clleges. This infrmatin, again, can be fund n the Internet. If yu find a schlarship that is suitable fr yu, fllw the applicatin prcedure carefully; the earlier yu apply, the better yur chance f getting it will be.
1.Accrding t the article, studying abrad is truly valuable because .
A.it is an interesting experience
B.all yur friends are ding s
C.it is a gd chance t develp yur career
D.it is fun t travel arund the wrld
2.A schl ranking list tells yu .
A.hw much the curses cst
B.the names f all the prfessrs
C.hw gd the schl is cmpared t thers
D.where the schl is lcated
3.What are the three things t d when yu are applying t study in a university abrad?
A.Study hard, read the instructins and requirements, and buy an airplane ticket.
B.Prepare recmmendatin letters, prepare schl recrds, and fill in the applicatin frm.
C.Prepare schl recrds, d paperwrk, and wrk hard.
D.Write a recmmendatin letter, d paperwrk, and study hard.
1.【答案】C
【解析】细节理解题。根据第一段中This may be a wish t perfect language skills in a freign language envirnment, r a clever mve in yur career develpment. 可知出国留学是真正值得的,因为这是一个发展你事业的机会,所以C选项是正确的。
【答案】C
【解析】推理判断题。根据第二段中Different universities emphasize different strengths.Dn’t just think abut the university’s reputatin可知学校排行榜告诉你某个学校与其他学校相比的好处,所以C选项是正确的。
【答案】B
【解析】细节理解题。根据第三段中This includes filling in the applicatin frm, preparing yur schl recrds, and getting recmmendatin letters.可知B选项是正确的。
二
Beijing Opera is the mst representative f all Chinese traditinal dramatic art frms and the largest Chinese pera frm. Having a histry f abut 200 years, it is develped frm absrbing(吸收)many ther dramatic frms, mstly frm the lcal drama ‘Huiban’, which was ppular in Suth China during the 18th century. It is a scenic(戏剧的)art integrating music, perfrmance, literature, aria, and face painting.
Theatrical art frms in many ther cuntries d nt present singing, dancing and spken parts in ne single drama. An pera singer, fr example, neither dances nr speaks n stage; there are n singing r dancing parts in a mdern play; in a dance drama, the dancer has n speaking rle and des nt sing either. Traditinal Chinese drama, including Beijing Opera, is a kind f entertainment which includes spken parts, singing, dancing and acrbatics.
In additin t its presence in China, Beijing Opera has spread t many ther places. Mei Lanfang, ne f the mst famus perfrmers(表演者)f all time, was the first t intrduce Beijing Opera t freigners and made highly successful turs t freign cuntries.
“Yu will be puzzled(困惑的)all the way thrugh and a little bred frm time t time; but yu will be charmed and interested. Yu will be strngly attracted t Beijing Opera even if yu knw nthing f the dramatic backgrund.”This is hw ne American traveller described his first experience in watching Beijing Opera.
Beijing Opera is China’s natinal pera and it is full f Chinese cultural traditins. Welcme t China and enjy Beijing Opera!
1.What makes Beijing Opera different frm theatrical art frms in many ther cuntries?
A.It has ne pera singer n stage.
B.It has ne dancer wh has n speaking rle.
C.It has already spread t many ther cuntries.
D.It includes spken parts, singing, dancing and acrbatics.
2.Peple think Mei Lanfang played an imprtant rle in the spread f Beijing Opera because .
A.he made many turs t a freign cuntry
B.he was a famus Beijing Opera perfrmer
C.he was the first t intrduce Beijing Opera t freigners
D.he made Beijing Opera different frm ther theatrical art frms
3.Frm Paragraph 4 we knw that the American traveller .
A.felt bred all the way
B.thught highly f Beijing Opera
C.fund Beijing Opera interesting at first
D.knew the backgrund f Beijing Opera
4.What des the underlined wrd “it” mean in the passage?
A.Beijing Opera.B.Lcal drama.
C.An pera singer.D.A mdern play.
1.【答案】D
【解析】推理判断题。根据第二段第一句Theatrical art frms in many ther cuntries d nt present singing, dancing and spken parts in ne single drama.及最后一句Traditinal Chinese drama, including Beijing Opera, is a kind f entertainment which includes spken parts, singing, dancing and acrbatics.可知,许多其他国家的戏剧艺术形式没有将歌唱、舞蹈和语言表演全部呈现在单一戏剧中。而中国传统戏剧,包括京剧,是一种融合语言表演、歌唱、舞蹈和杂技的娱乐形式。由此可以推断出,这就是京剧的与众不同之处。故选D项。
【答案】C
【解析】细节理解题。根据第三段第二句Mei Lanfang, ne f the mst famus perfrmers f all time, was the first t intrduce Beijing Opera t freigners and made highly successful turs t freign cuntries.可知,梅兰芳是历史上最著名的表演者之一,也是第一位向外国人介绍京剧的人。故选C项。
【答案】B
【解析】推理判断题。根据第四段 yu will be charmed and interested. Yu will be strngly attracted t Beijing Opera...可知,这位美国游客对京剧的评价很高,故选B项。
【答案】A
【解析】词义猜测题。根据最后一段第一句Beijing Opera is China?s natinal pera and it is full f Chinese cultural traditins.可知,京剧是中国的民族歌剧,它充分体现着中国文化传统。“它”指代的是“京剧”,故选A项。
三
Accrding t a recent study, there are abut 70,000 blind children in Indnesia. Amng them, 60 percent were nt brn blind. Iyehezkiel Parudani is ne f them, wh lst his eyesight by accident at age six. He nw teaches English t blind students at the Pajajaran Special Schl. Iyehezkiel Parudani says learning English can help blind peple feel better abut themselves.“By learning English, they can be an English teacher, a translatr, and a tur guide.”Students read using Braille(盲文). T write, they use special tls, t.
Iyehezkiel Parudani says blind peple shuld nt let their physical disability influence their dreams. In 2008, he gt a chance t study at the University f Texas. Tw years later, he gt a master’s degree in curse develpment there.
“In the US, if I g t the university t study, everything is available—like e-bks, Braille bks. Here in Indnesia, yu knw, it’s difficult t find a reference bk in e-bk r in Braille. We have t make it urselves. In the US, I can mve wherever I want because everything designed is really accessible fr peple with blindness.”
Eha Lestari, ne f his star students, says learning English has changed her life. She has already traveled t the US with the help f an Indnesia-U.S. prgram.“I study English because I lve English very much. I want t be a translatr because I want t g t the ther cuntries and then I want t meet sme peple frm arund the wrld.”
Like her classmates, Eha lves t sing. Here, music is part f daily life. Even the students wh d nt study English can sing sme American pp sngs, such as Stand By Me,“Stand by me. Please stand, stand by me. Stand by me...”
Iyehezkiel Parudani says the sng has special meaning t the students.“In ur life, we need ther persns. Yu have t stand by me. Withut yu standing by me, I’m meaningless.”
1.Accrding t what Iyehezkiel says, learning English can help blind students t .
A.have mre chances t get jbs
B.visit English-speaking cuntries
C.get a master’s degree easily
D.read Braille bks quickly
2.The underlined wrd“accessible”in the third paragraph might mean .
A.fun t useB.easy t reach
C.hard t breakD.safe t chse
3.Frm the last tw paragraphs, we can infer(推断)that the students .
A.sang sngs side by sideB.achieved their dreams
C.had a meaningless lifeD.needed help frm thers
4.The best title fr the passage may be .
A.A Blind Girl Learning English
B.Blind Children Singing Sngs
C.A Blind Man Teaching English
D.Blind Teachers Living by Me
1.【答案】A
【解析】推理判断题。由文章第一段倒数第三句可知Iyehezkiel教那些盲人学会英语可以帮助他们找到不同的工作。
【答案】B
【解析】词义猜测题。根据句意“在美国,我可以移动到我想要去的任何地方,因为设计的一切东西对于盲人来说都是很容易够得到的”可知。
【答案】D
【解析】细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“在我们的生活中,我们需要其他人……”可知。
【答案】C
【解析】主旨大意题。通读全文可知,本文是围绕一位教盲人英语的盲人男教师展开的。
四
In ur daily life, rbts are ften fund t d wrk that is t dangerus, bring, difficult, r dirty. And we ften see kids play with ty rbts.
But what exactly is a rbt?There are sme imprtant characteristics(特征)that a rbt must have. These characteristics might help yu t decide what is and what is nt a rbt. It will als help yu t decide what yu will need t build int a machine befre it can be cnsidered as a rbt. A rbt has these imprtant characteristics:
Sensing First f all, yur rbt wuld have t be able t sense the envirnment arund it. Give yur rbt sensrs(传感器):light sensrs(eyes), tuch sensrs(hands), chemical sensrs(nse), hearing sensrs(ears)and taste sensrs(tngue).
Mvement A rbt needs t be able t mve arund its envirnment. It can mve n wheels, walk n legs r be driven by small engines(发动机). A rbt can mve either the whle bdy r just parts f it.
Energy A rbt needs t be able t pwer itself. Sme rbts might pwer itself with sunlight; sme might with electricity, while thers with the battery(电池). The way yur rbt gets its energy will depend n what yur rbt needs t d.
Intelligence A rbt needs sme kind f“smarts”. A prgrammer is the persn wh gives the rbt its “smarts”. The rbt will have t have a certain way t receive the prgram s that it knws what it is t d.
1.The underlined wrd “it” in Paragraph 2 is abut .
A.the tyB.the characteristic
C.the machineD.the engine
2.The chemical sensrs may help a rbt t .
A.seeB.catchC.hearD.smell
3.In hw many ways can a rbt pwer itself accrding t the passage?
A.Tw.B.Three.C.Fur.D.Five.
4.The Chinese meaning f “Intelligence” in the last paragraph is .
A.能源B.勤奋C.智能D.外观
5.What is the main purpse f the passage?
A.T help peple understand what a rbt is.
B.T tell what a rbt can d in ur life.
C.T describe the mvement f a rbt.
D.T intrduce the histry f rbts.
1【答案】.C
【解析】细节理解题。it为代词,往往指代前文提到的名词。机器人首先应该是一个机器,当这台机器具备了一些重要特征后,就会被认为是机器人。根据it前后的语境可知,it指代前面的a machine, 故选C。
【答案】D
【解析】细节理解题。根据文章第三段中的chemical sensrs(nse)可知选D。
【答案】B
【解析】细节理解题。根据文章第五段关于机器人特征之一Energy(能量)的描述,机器人为自己提供动力的方式有3种:with sunlight, with electricity和with the battery, 故选B。
【答案】C
【解析】词义猜测题。根据文章第六段第一句可知,机器人需要某种“聪明”。这一句事实上是对 Intelligence 的阐释,故选C。
【答案】A
【解析】主旨大意题。本文第二段的第一句But what exactly is a rbt?事实上是一个过渡句,起着承上启下的作用,文章的主要目的就是向读者介绍什么是机器人以及机器人的主要特征,以便让人们对机器人有一个全面的了解,故选A。
五
A new reprt shws what life might be like in 100 years frm nw. It describes skyscrapers that are much taller than tday’s buildings, underwater ‘bubble’ cities and hlidays in space. The reprt is frm a cmpany. It asked experts(专家) n space and architecture, as well as city planners, t give their ideas n the life in 2116. They said the way we live, wrk and play will be ttally different t hw we d these things tday. The experts used the Internet as an example. They said that 25 years ag, peple culd nt imagine hw the Internet and smartphnes wuld change ur lives. The Internet has cmpletely changed the way we cmmunicate, learn and d daily things. The experts said the changes in the next century wuld be even mre unbelievable.
Researchers questined 2,000 adults abut the predictins(预言) that they thught were mst likely(很可能的) t happen in the future. They predicted that in the future, few peple will g t an ffice but will wrk frm hme and have wrk meetings nline. Peple will have highly develped 3-D printers that will let yu dwnlad(下载) a design fr furniture r a fd recipe and then ‘print’ the sfa, table r pizza at hme. There will als be less need fr visits t the dctr. We will all have a hme health instrument that will tell us what the prblem is and give us treatment. We will als be ging int space fr hlidays and t get resurces that we have used up n Earth. A predictin that is missing is whether peple will still need t study English.
1. The writer uses the example f the Internet in Paragraph 1 t shw .
A.the Internet was ften used
B.the Internet has develped fast
C.peple will nt believe the changes
D.technlgy will change peple’s lives
2.With the help f highly develped 3-D printers, a way t get a sfa in 2116 is t .
A.buy ne in a shp
B.ask smebdy t make ne
C.dwnlad a design and ‘print’ ne
D.design and make ne by neself
3.Accrding t the passage, the missing predictin is .
A.hw peple will wrk
B.where peple will get resurces
C.what peple will have at hme t treat illness
D.whether peple will still need t learn English
4.The passage is mainly abut .
A.the life in 2116
B.hlidays in space
C.the histry f the Internet
D.medical treatment
5.The passage is mst prbably frm .
A.an advertisementB.a newspaper
C.a detective stryD.a health reprt
1.【答案】D
【解析】细节理解题。根据第一段可知,作者以因特网为例的目的是表明科技将会改变人们生活,故选D项。
【答案】C
【解析】细节理解题。根据第二段第三句可知,在2116年,人们可以通过3D打印机下载家具设计并在家打印沙发。故选C项。
【答案】D
【解析】细节理解题。根据第二段最后一句可知,没有预测到的是人们在将来是否仍需要学习英语。故选D项。
【答案】A
【解析】主旨大意题。纵览全文可知,本文作者主要向我们描述了2116年的生活。故选A项。
【答案】B
【解析】推理判断题。综合全文判断,本文是一篇预测未来生活的报道,最可能来源于报纸。故选B项。
六
Rachel Carsn(1907—1964) was a pineer f the wrld’s envirnmental mvement thrugh her writing abut the prtectin f the natural wrld.Her 1962 bk Silent Spring made her well knwn by many peple.It describes the harmful changes in the envirnment f using txic(有害的)chemicals n farmland.
Carsn’s career started as a bilgist in the US Bureau f Fisheries. In 1951 she published her first bk, The Sea Arund Us, which became a bestseller. It made her rich enugh t leave her jb and devte her life t writing. She was a gifted writer. Her next tw bks were als abut the ceans and bth tpped the bk sales lists.
Carsn’s bk Silent Spring cmpletely changed the way America thught abut nature. It painted a bleak(荒凉的) future fr the whle natural wrld. It led t a natinwide ban(禁止) n the use f a deadly chemical called DDT, and ther txic pesticides(农药) that farmers used fr their crps. Many peple say the bk led t the creatin f America’s Envirnmental Prtectin Agency.
Since her death, Carsn’s name has cntinued t be cnnected with prtecting the envirnment. There is nw a yearly Rachel Carsn Bk Prize. Nrway awards the Rachel Carsn Prize t wmen wh have made great cntributins t the field f envirnmental prtectin. In 1980, 16 years after her death, she was awarded the Presidential Medal f Freedm, the highest civilian hnur in America.
1.What happened t Rachel Carsn in 1962?
A.She started t write bks.
B.She gave up wrking as a bilgist.
C.Her bk The Sea Arund Us sld well.
D.Her bk Silent Spring made her famus.
2.What mst prbably made Rachel Carsn leave her jb?
A.She gt an award.
B.She published Silent Spring.
C.The Sea Arund Us brught her enugh mney.
D.The US gvernment tk ntice f her researches.
3.Why is the bk Silent Spring imprtant t America’s envirnmental prtectin?
A.It describes a silent spring.
B.It tpped the bk sales lists.
C.It changed hw America thught abut nature.
D.It includes all Carsn’s research achievements.
4.What des the underlined wrd “It” in Paragraph 3 mean?
A.The bk Silent Spring.
B.The way America thught.
C.The US Bureau f Fisheries.
D.America’s Envirnmental Prtectin Agency.
5.Why was Rachel Carsn awarded the Presidential Medal f Freedm?
A.She published the bk Silent Spring.
B.She did a lt f researches fr the US Bureau f Fisheries.
C.She dnated much mney t the Rachel Carsn Bk Prize.
D.She made great cntributins t the envirnmental prtectin.
1.【答案】D
【解析】细节理解题。根据第一段第二句可知,在1962年,Silent Spring这本书使得她一举成名。故选D项。
【答案】C
【解析】细节理解题。根据第二段第二、三句可知,使得Rachel Carsn离开本职工作的主要原因是The Sea Arund Us这本书的出版给她带来了足够多的财富。故选C项。
【答案】C
【解析】细节理解题。根据第三段第一句以及最后一句可知,这本书对于美国环境保护的重要性在于它改变了人们对大自然的看法。故选C项。
【答案】A
【解析】词义猜测题。根据第三段第一、二句可知,It在此处指代的是Silent Spring这本书。故选A项。
【答案】D
【解析】推理判断题。综合全文可知,Rachel Carsn为美国环境保护做出了杰出贡献,因此被授予该奖项,故选D项。
七
Researchers in the 1960s fund bilingual(双语的)peple scred higher n intelligence(智力)tests than mnlinguals—peple wh speak nly ne language. The latest studies shw that being bilingual des nt necessarily make peple cleverer, but it prbably des make yu better at certain skills.
Imagine driving dwn the highway. There’re many things that culd attract yur attentin and yu really need t be able t watch all f them. Why wuld bilingualism make yu any better at that?
The answer is that bilingual peple are ften better at cntrlling their attentin—a functin(功能)called the executive cntrl system. It’s quite pssibly the mst imprtant system we have because it’s where all f yur decisins abut what t attend t, what t ignre(忽视), what t prcess are made.
The best methd t measure(测量)the executive cntrl system is called the Strp Test. Suppse yu wuld have the wrd “blue” written in red, but yu have t say the clur red. But “blue” is s eye-catching, and yu really want t say “blue”. Yu need t ignre it s that yu can say the clur red. That’s the Strp Test.
Bilingual peple cntinually practice this functin. They have t, because bth languages are active in their brain at the same time. They need t ignre ne t be able t speak in the ther. This exercise might help in ther ways, t. Researchers say bilingual children are mre likely t have friends frm different cultures. Bilingual adults are ften fur t five years later than thers in develping Alzheimer’s disease.
1.What did the recent research find abut bilingual peple?
A.They can safely drive their cars.
B.They can well manage their attentin.
C.They can have a better cntrl f imaginatin.
D.They can easily pick ut the clurs they want.
2.What des the underlined wrd “it” in Paragraph 4 refer t?
A.Red.B.Blue.C.Test.D.System.
3.What can we learn frm the last paragraph?
A.Bilingualism may d harm t peple’s health.
B.Bilingualism helps children make mre freign friends.
C.Peple must practice speaking tw languages cntinually.
D.Peple use mre active wrds frm their mther languages.
4.What might be the best title fr the text?
A.Hw des the Strp Test wrk?
B.What is executive cntrl system?
C.Are mnlingual peple smarter?
D.Are bilingual peple better at sme skills?
1.【答案】B
【解析】细节理解题。根据第三段第一句中的“bilingual peple are ften better at cntrlling their attentin”可知说双语的人更善于控制自己的注意力,故应选B。
【答案】B
【解析】细节理解题。第四段倒数第二、三句的句意:但是“蓝色”如此引人注目,你真的想说“蓝色”。你需要忽视它,以便你能说出“红色”。根据句意可知,这里的它指的是前面一句的“蓝色”。故选B。
【答案】B
【解析】细节理解题。根据最后一段第五句话“Researchers say bilingual children are mre likely t have friends frm different cultures.”可知应选B。
【答案】D
【解析】主旨大意题。根据对全文的理解可知,本文讲的是说两种语言的人在一些技能方面比说一种语言的人有优势。故应选D项,意为“说双语的人在某些技能方面更擅长吗?”
八
Dn’t Judge a Bk by Its Cver
Ever since I was a little girl, I’ve lved reading crime and detective(侦探)nvels, s I guess it was pretty nrmal that I started writing them when I was lder. Hwever, my family is very big n having a traditinal career(职业)and s when I said that I wanted t g t cllege and study writing, my parents tld me that I culdn’t. They tld me that I had t study fr a degree s that I wuld achieve a career, and nt smething as risky as writing. I suppse I culd have studied jurnalism(新闻专业), but I didn’t want t lse interest in writing because it wuld be smething I wuld d every day fr wrk, nt fr pleasure. I thught that teaching lked like a pretty gd cmprmise(妥协), especially because f the lng hlidays. It was a gd chice:by the time I was twenty-five, I’d already finished tw nvels and had an agent.
T be hnest, I never meant t keep my being a crime writer a secret r anything, and my friends have always knwn. One f the reasns mst peple dn’t knw is because my agent tld me that my name Hazel sunded t much like a rmance(浪漫)nvelist fr lder wmen. She suggested Brke Lane and I thught,“Well, if yu think it’ll make me successful, kay.” I’d ttally frgtten abut it until I walked int schl ne day and saw ne f my wrkmates reading my nvel. I asked her sme questins abut it, and it was s clear that she had n idea that I’d written it—she even ffered t lend it t me after she’d finished! Of curse, smetimes I wnder what my students wuld think if they knew that their teacher was ging hme n the weekend t write abut murders and dead bdies, but I think my parents prbably did me a favr: my teaching jb keeps me in tuch with the real wrld.
1.Hazel is prbably .
A.an agentB.a jurnalist
C.a teacher and artistD.a teacher and writer
2.The underlined wrds“is very big n” in the passage mst prbably mean .
A.t give n adviceB.t like smething very much
C.t have mre experiencesD.t misunderstand smething
3.It’s clear that Hazel .
A.agreed t study jurnalism fr a degree
B.accepted Brke Lane as her pen name
C.wuld like t write smething fr teaching
D.tld her wrkmates abut her writing nvels
4.Hazel finally realized that her parents’ advice n her career was .
A.helpfulB.exciting
C.disappintingD.risky
5.We can infer frm the passage that .
A.Hazel likes shwing ff in public
B.Hazel’s students all want t write nvels
C.Hazel’s agent has played a rle in her success
D.lder wmen prefer the name Brke t Hazel
1.【答案】D
【解析】细节理解题。通过文章第一段最后两句和第二段的第二句可知,Hazel既是教师又是作家, 故本题选择D。
【答案】B
【解析】词义猜测题。由第一段第三句可知“我”的父母希望“我”能够有一个不像写作那样有风险的职业。可以猜出此处的意思是“非常喜欢”, 故本题选择B。
【答案】B
【解析】细节理解题。通过文章第二段的第三句可知,Hazel接受了Brke Lane作为笔名, 故本题选择B。
【答案】A
【解析】细节理解题。从文章最后“但是我认为我的父母很可能帮了我一个忙:我的教师工作使得我可以接触真实的世界”可以判断出来,父母在职业方面的建议是有帮助的, 故本题选择A。
【答案】C
【解析】推理判断题。从第二段的第四、五句可知,Hazel的代理人建议换过笔名之后,有同事对Hazel的书籍非常感兴趣, 故本题选择C。
九
A persn has tw ears but nly ne muth. That means we shuld listen, nt just speak. The wrd “listen”has the same letters as the wrd“silent”. Listening silently is a gd quality that we shuld have. Then why is it imprtant t be a gd listener?
Listening is really helpful.
When smene is sad r angry, he wants t express his pr feelings. At this mment, we need t listen silently first until he gets calm(冷静的). Then we may have a gd talk with him. Maybe it is a gd way t help him ut.
Listening is a kind f lve.
Fr example, we may think ur parents are always talking t much. But in fact, they d s because they are anxius abut ur health, study and s n. If we listen patiently, ur parents will feel we care abut them. A lving silence is ften mre pwerful(有力量的)than wrds.
Listening is plite behavir.
Smetimes, we just want thers t listen t us but frget t listen t thers. In fact, that’s nt plite. In rder t shw ur respect(尊重)fr thers, we had better listen t them first. Then we can express ur ideas.
Listening sunds easy, but it’s nt. Every head is a wrld. S we shuld learn t listen with ur ears, eyes and hearts as much as we can, and try t make urselves gd listeners frm nw n.
1.When smene is sad r angry, we shuld first.
A.listen t him silentlyB.express ur pr feelings
C.talk t much with himD.tell his parents abut it
2.The underlined wrd“anxius”here prbably means “ ”.
A.satisfiedB.angry
C.wrriedD.excited
3.Which f the fllwing is TRUE accrding t the passage?
A.We shuld ask thers t listen t us first.
B.We shuld express ur ideas first.
C.We shuld let thers respect us first.
D.We had better listen t thers first.
1.【答案】A
【解析】细节理解题。根据文章第二段的At this mment, we need t listen silently first until he gets calm.一句可知答案。
【答案】C
【解析】词义猜测题。根据语境可知父母说得太多是因为他们“担心”我们的健康、学习等事情。
【答案】D
【解析】主旨大意题。文章主要描述倾听的重要性,“我们最好首先倾听别人。”符合文意。
十
Li Shizhen(李时珍)was ne f the mst famus dctrs in Chinese histry. He was brn in Qichun, Hubei in 1518.
Bth f Li Shizhen’s father and grandfather were dctrs. Li Shizhen’s grandfather was a cuntry dctr wh traveled in the cuntryside with a bag f herbs(药草)and medicatins and cured(治愈)peple. His father was a dctr wh wrte several bks.
Li Shizhen used t help his father in his medical practice when he was yung. Li Shizhen’s father wanted him t enter plitics(从政). Li Shizhen studied fr the exams and passed the cuntry-level examinatin, but he was never able t pass the imperial(帝国的)examinatin.
When he was 38, he cured the sn f the Prince f Chu and was invited t be an fficial in that curt(宫廷). A few years later, he became an fficial at the Imperial Medical Institute.
Even thugh he fulfilled his father’s dream, he didn’t want t cntinue wrking fr the curt. One year later, he left the curt and returned t be a dctr again.
Li Shizhen was famus fr his bk, Cmpendium f Materia Medica(《本草纲目》). He spent 27 years writing the bk. Unluckily, Li Shizhen died befre the bk was fficially published. It is such a successful bk. Nw it is still ne f the mst imprtant medical bks in China.
1.What was Li Shizhen’s grandfather?
A.An fficial.B.A prince.
C.A cuntry dctr.D.A writer.
2.What did Li Shizhen’s father want Li Shizhen t d?
A.T be a dctr.B.T write a bk.
C.T be a prince.D.T enter plitics.
3.When he was 38, Li Shizhen cured .
A.his grandfather
B.the sn f the Prince f Chu
C.an fficial in that cuntry
D.a famus dctr
4.Accrding t the passage, what was Li Shizhen famus fr?
A.Wrking fr the curt.
B.The bk, Cmpendium f Materia Medica.
C.His lng traveling.
D.Curing a lt f peple.
5.What des the passage mainly talk abut?
A.Li Shizhen’s life.
B.Li Shizhen’s grandfather?s life.
C.Li Shizhen’s father’s life.
D.Li Shizhen’s bk.
1.【答案】C
【解析】细节理解题。 根据第二段第二句可知,李时珍的祖父是一位乡村医生。
【答案】D
【解析】细节理解题。 根据第三段第二句Li Shizhen’s father wanted him t enter plitics.可知,李时珍的父亲想要他从政,故选D。
【答案】B
【解析】细节理解题。根据第四段第一句When he was 38, he cured the sn f the Prince f Chu and was invited t be an fficial in that curt.可知选B。
【答案】B
【解析】细节理解题。 根据最后一段第一句Li Shizhen was famus fr his bk, Cmpendium f Materia Medica.可知答案为B项。
【答案】A
【解析】主旨大意题。通读文章可知,本文主要讲述了李时珍的一生。虽然文中提到了他的父亲与祖父,但都不是主要内容,故选A项。