专题11 阅读回答问题-中考英语知识及解题技巧（牛津译林版）

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解答阅读表达题,阅读是基础,表达是关键。所以在表达时,首先要注意以下原则:
(1)在答题时,总的原则是:能简略回答,尽量简略回答。
(2)书写要规范。句子开头首字母要大写;标点符号要规范,并且要使用正确;单词拼写要正确无误;单词书写要认真。
(3)做出适当调整。在回答时,同学们应对照题目,根据需要对句子的人称、单复数、时态、语态、词性、主谓搭配等做出适当调整。
其次,审题时要注意两个方面:
(1)看清提问方式。要分清是一般疑问句、选择疑问句还是特殊疑问句。
(2)要辨别问题类型。阅读表达主要分为细节理解题、主旨大意题、信息归纳题以及开放性问答题。考生需判断五道试题属于以上哪类问题,再通过不同的阅读策略高效获取信息,从而得到答案。
一、细节理解题
细节理解题是原文提到了某事物、现象或理论,题干针对原文具体叙述本身发问。这类题在原文中可直接找到答案,常用一般疑问句、选择疑问句以及由wh, what, where, when, why和hw等引导的特殊疑问句来提问。这类题型的提问方式常为:
D yur eyes need everyday attentin?
When/Where did the stry happen?
Wh put rubbish int different bags?
凡是针对特定事实细节的考题,其正确答案大都可以在阅读材料中找到相应的文字作为验证。回答此类问题一般采取寻读法,即先读题,然后带着问题快速阅读短文,找出与问题有关的词语或句子,再进行分析对比,找出答案。
例原文:On the first day f schl, ur prfessr intrduced a little ld lady t us.
问题:Wh did the prfessr intrduce n the first day f schl?
思路:通过审题后寻读,考生应回答:A little ld lady.
二、主旨大意题
此类问题主要考查学生概括文章主旨或段落大意的能力,其主要目的是培养学生归纳主要信息的能力。现在初中学生阅读时的普遍问题是文章大意基本能看懂,但缺乏归纳主题和写作目的的能力,而这恰恰是阅读教学的主要目的。
主旨大意题的提问方式通常是:What is the main idea f the passage? /What is the passage mainly abut? /What is the purpse f the writer’s writing the passage? /What des Paragraph 3 mainly tell us? /What des the writer want t tell us?
由于文章的主旨大意通常会出现在首尾段或段落的首尾句,所以回答此类型题一般采用略读法。略读时要特别注意短文的首段、首句或末句,一般文章的主旨大意就在这里。抓住每段中的关键词语,便可以迅速把握短文的主旨以及主要信息的分布,在答题时就心中有数了。
★有些文章主旨大意清晰明了,考生只需从原文中提取信息即可。
例原文:Each educatinal system has its wn advantages. Fr example, the Japanese students learn mre math and science than American students by the end f high schl. The advantage f the educatinal system in America is that students learn t think by themselves. The teaching methd makes them mre creative.
问题:What des the writer want t tell us?
思路:通过略读寻找关键句,考生应回答:Each educatinal system has its wn advantages.
★有些文章除了需要把握首尾段或段落首尾关键句之外,考生还要把握全文结构,分清段落层次,从而归纳出主旨大意。
例 原文:首段末句:But what abut blue fd?
第二段末句:Children still preferred the sweets that were the usual clrs f red, green, brwn, yellw and range.
第三段末句:This is perhaps why we dn’t usually use blue fd clring fr drinks, cakes and ther fd.
第四段首句:Sme peple say we eat with ur eyes.
尾段:S will we ever see blue fds n ur plates? The answer seems t be “n”, at least in cuntries like the UK and the USA.
问题:What is the passage mainly abut?
思路:通过略读寻找首尾段的关键句,并结合人们不喜欢蓝色食物的现象以及原因,考生应总结答案为:Peple dn’t like the blue fd and the reasns.
三、信息归纳题
该类题目要求考生能在短文中找到题目所涉及的事实性细节,并能适当进行归纳表达。在找到相关细节信息之后,有时可照搬原文信息轻松作答,有时还要对事实性信息进行适当整理。解答信息归纳题时,一方面要在对全文理解的基础上采取寻读策略,找到相应的原文信息;另一方面要使用词语的恰当词性。很多学生在考试时就没有注意到词性的要求。因此,做这类题要回答全面,也要表述正确。
例 原文:I never knew her and nr did I knw what t d, but I was there, saying sme cmfrting wrds t a stranger in pain. I asked her t stand still fr a few minutes. We then lked fr a place fr her t sit. Frm ut f nwhere, her friend jined us.
问题:What did the writer d fr the girl?
思路:通过寻读并整合信息,考生应回答出两点:The writer said sme cmfrting wrds t her and lked fr a place fr her t sit.
四、开放性问答题
此类题目是要求考生针对短文中所出现的话题发表个人观点和见解。它没有标准答案,需要考生根据自己的理解和想象答题。但考生的三观要符合主流意识形态,陈述理由时不能脱离原文的背景。
开放性的问题使考生跳出了一定的限制范围,有利于体现创造性思维。考生在平时要多思考生活,关注社会和国内外问题,中考时方可写出具有自己个性、言简意赅且合情合理的句子。
例 原文:Accrding t an internatinal survey in 2016, yung peple in emerging(新兴的)cuntries like China and India have a greater sense f hpe fr the future, cmpared with thse living in develped areas such as Eurpe, Nrth America and Australia.
…
It was fund that 53% f thse questined in China thught the wrld was becming a better place—the highest amng the cuntries surveyed. Sme f them als felt hpeful abut the future because f the develpment f technlgy.
Hwever, yung peple in France, Italy and Turkey had a pessimistic utlk n the future.
问题:What’s yur pinin f the future? And why?
思路:通过阅读获悉在新兴国家,如中国和印度,年轻人由于技术的进步对未来充满希望,而法国、意大利和土耳其的年轻人则持消极态度。此题虽为开放性题目,但考生应结合自身国籍考虑,参考答案为:I feel hpeful abut the future, because the technlgy is develping quickly.
考生在答完五道试题后,要进行复读审核。要对照短文内容对所写答案进行审核,反复斟酌,做出修正,以减少错误和疏漏。
真题训练
一
An interview with Andy Griffiths
Andy Griffiths is well knwn as a writer f children’s bks. Here are sme interesting things yu might nt knw abut him!
What d yu like t d after a lng day f writing?
I g fr lng runs and bike rides beside the beach. An hur f exercise after a lng day f writing gives me energy. Then I’m ready t write sme mre.
D yu write using a cmputer r by hand?
At first I write the stries by hand, and then I transfer(转录)them nt a cmputer. I like t write by hand when I travel. I find it very easy t lse myself in my diary when I am away frm my usual activities.
What super pwer wuld yu like t have?
X-ray visin(影像)if I can cntrl it.
What is yur favurite fd?
I’m never happier than when I’m drinking banana milkshakes. And I lve fish. But I dn’t like drinking fish milkshakes—they are just terrible!
What is yur favurite bk?
Alice in Wnderland. It has s many surprises and such silliness in it.
D yu write fr adults t?
Only if I really have t. I much prefer the freedm and fun f writing fr children.
What d yu say t kids wh say, “Why shuld I read?”
As Dr. Seuss says,“The mre yu read, the mre things yu will knw. The mre yu learn, the mre places yu’ll g.”
1.What is Andy’s jb?

2.What d yu think f Andy?

3.D yu want t be a persn like Andy? Why r why nt?

二
There are many hlidays and festivals. Dads have Father’s Day. Mums have Mther’s Day. But d ur grandparents have a special festival? Yes, they d!
The Duble Ninth Festival is a special day fr lder peple in China. It started lng ag. The festival is n lunar September 9th. On this day, peple shw lve and respect t their grandparents.
There are many ways in which Chinese peple express their respect. When an lder persn enters a rm, everyne stands. Peple are intrduced frm the ldest t the yungest. When we present a bk t an lder persn, tw hands are used. Yung peple always ffer their seats t lder peple n a crwded subway r bus.
Respecting lder peple is a traditin in China. That’s because the Chinese knw that lder peple have knwledge and experience that yung peple can learn. Chinese peple are prud f being ld.
In Western cuntries, hwever, lder peple seldm think they are ld. They are called “senirs”instead f “ld peple”. They’d rather d everything themselves. Even after retirement(退休)they take up hbbies, part-time jbs and new activities t keep their bdies wrking well.
Westerners respect their lder peple, t. Usually, senirs dn’t have t buy tickets fr trains and buses. They are given discunts(打折)in stres and restaurants.
But Western senirs dn’t ften live with their children—they live alne. Fr hlidays, the family usually gather at the grandparents’ hme, and a great smile and a warm hug fr their parents are enugh fr grwn children t shw their respect.
1.When is the Duble Ninth Festival?

2.Hw many ways in which Chinese peple express their respect are mentined?

3.What can the yung learn frm lder peple?

4.Can senirs in Western cuntries take the trains fr free?

5.Hw d Western grwn children shw their respect?

三
On Sept. 19,2014 Alibaba went public n the New Yrk Stck Exchange(纽约证券交易所), raising $25 billin thrugh an IPO(公司股票的首次公开发行), the biggest in the US histry. It shws that Ma Yun has dne his business successfully. The shrt Chinese man seems t be the tallest in the wrld right nw. Ma, wh was an English teacher, has becme ne f the richest men n the Chinese mainland.
Brn in Hangzhu, Zhejiang, Ma grew up as a happy kid. At the age f 12, he wanted t learn English. Every mrning, he wke up at 5 a.m., cycling 40 minutes t a htel near the West Lake where he culd chat with freign turists.
On a trip t the US in 1995, Ma was shwn the Internet fr the first time. Seeing the chance, Ma returned t China and set up a website called China Pages withut even knwing much abut cmputers.
Fur years later, 18 peple including Ma, his wife and his friends funded Alibaba in Hangzhu. Peple called him “Crazy Jack Ma”. But 15 years later, Alibaba has develped int the wrld’s largest e-cmmerce(电子商务)cmpany.
N ne thinks he’s mad nw. Ma’s favrite line has been printed n Alibaba’s suvenir T-shirts. It reads, “Everybdy shuld have a dream. What if that dream cmes true?”
1.Hw much did Alibaba raise thrugh an IPO n Sept. 19,2014?

2.Where was Ma Yun brn?

3.What did Ma want t d when he was twelve years ld?

4.Alibaba was funded in 1995, wasn’t it?

5.What did Ma d after cming back t China frm the US?

四
Mr. Gu is a teacher frm Xi’an. He asked his students t hand in their hmewrk thrugh a QR cde(二维码). “We spent an hur r tw in class learning hw t generate(使产生)the cdes, and in the end everything gets easier,”said Gu.“When students finish the hmewrk, they keep it n WeChat. Then, each student makes his wn QR cde and gives it t me. S I can check their wrk anywhere using my cmputer r telephne.”
The QR cdes can be sent t Mr. Gu by email, QQ and WeChat. When Gu scans(扫描)his students? QR cdes, their hmewrk appears n his phne. He finds that their hmewrk becmes mre creative, with many pictures, music and even vides.
Gu’s students like the new way and think it is interesting. “We are living in the infrmatin age. Many students like t wrk with cmputers, which makes learning mre fun,”said Tingting, a student f Gu’s.
“The paper is nt easy t keep, but the cde is easy t keep and share,” Gu said.“It is wrth trying t use new technlgy in educatin. Educatin itself is a kind f creatin. I dn’t want my students t fall behind the times.”
Hwever, sme parents are wrried. They are afraid that their children will spend t much time n cmputers and less time cmmunicating with teachers. But in fact, it’s unnecessary. Students still need t lk up infrmatin in bks and write it dwn when they d their hmewrk. They nly use the cdes when they hand in their wrk, which desn’t take them t much time. Als fr teachers, it allws them t check the students’ wrk at any time. And it’s als an easy way t share hmewrk with ther students.
1.Accrding t the passage, Gu’s students can keep their hmewrk n WeChat, can’t they?

2.Hw can the QR cdes be sent t Mr. Gu?

3.What is ne f the advantages f the new way f handing in hmewrk?

4.What d sme parents wrry abut?

5.What d yu think f the new way f handing in hmewrk?

五
One day, a baby snail(蜗牛)fund that he had t carry a big and heavy shell at any time. He was cnfused(困惑的), s he went up t his mther and asked,“Why was I brn with a shell that grew s hard and heavy?”His mther said,“Because we dn’t have bnes t hld us up. We can nly mve slwly, s we need a shell t prtect us.”
The baby snail asked again,“The caterpillar(毛毛虫)has n bnes, either, and she can’t mve quickly. Why can she live withut a shell?”The mther snail answered,“That’s because a caterpillar will becme a butterfly(蝴蝶). She can fly high int the sky. The sky can prtect her.”
The baby snail had ne mre questin,“But the earthwrm(蚯蚓)mves like us. He has n bnes and he wn’t turn int a butterfly. Why desn’t he carry a hard and heavy shell?”His mther said,“He can dig a hle and hide in the grund, and then the earth can prtect him.”
The baby snail then cried,“We are s pr!We have n prtectin frm the sky r frm the grund!”His mther smiled at him,“That’s why we have a shell. My dear, imagine that if we dn’t have the shells, what will happen t us?Ht sun will dry ut ur bdies and we’ll have nwhere t sleep. What’s wrse, we’ll die in the heavy rain. Hw terrible it is!We dn’t depend n the sky r the grund fr prtectin. We shuld depend n urselves.”
根据短文内容,回答下列问题。
1.Whm did the baby snail ask fr help, his mther r father?

2.What will the caterpillar in the stry becme when she grws up?

3.Where can an earthwrm hide?

4.Hw many questins did the baby snail ask?

5.Wh shuld the snails depend n accrding t the stry?

六
Adam Braun set up the rganizatin(组织)Pencils f Prmise in 2008.Its gal is t make sure all children have a chance fr educatin.Six years later,the nn-prfit rganizatin is building a new schl smewhere every 90 hurs.It has helped mre than 22,000 children in Africa,Asia and Latin America.
It all started when Adam Braun was a cllege student.He was visiting India when a by stpped him and asked fr mney n the asked the by what he wuld want,if he culd have anything in the wrld.
“I thught the answer was ging t be ‘a huse’ r ‘a car’ r ‘a bat’.His answer was ‘a pencil’.S I gave him my pencil and he was just happy and excited.I realized he never had been t schl befre,and that was the reality(现实)fr 57 millin children arund the wrld,”Braun said.
Adam Braun started wrking in finance(金融)after he graduated frm cllege.But he never frgt the by and the prblem he realized.
“We live in a wrld in which every child can have a chance t get a gd educatin,because we have everything necessary already.We are able t educate every child.S I prmised t help create that wrld,”Braun said.
Mr.Braun raised mney fr his prject.He paid fr building the first Pencils f Prmise schl,in Las,five years ag.Since then,his rganizatin has helped pay fr mre than 200 schls in the cuntryside f Las,Nicaragua,Guatemala and Ghana.
1.When did Adam Braun set up the rganizatin Pencils f Prmise?

2.Hw ften is the rganizatin building a new schl smewhere six years later?

3.What wuld the by in India want if he culd have anything in the wrld?

4.What did the by’s answer make Adam realize?

5.Why did Adam Braun set up the rganizatin Pencils f Prmise?

七
Alice is a cllege student and in her internship(实习期)nw. Last mnth, she bught a scarf which she really liked. It cst her mre than 50 dllars. It’s nt cheap, but it made her happy, because she had dreamed f having ne fr a lng time.
Every mrning, when she puts n her new scarf, she feels s happy that it seems the whle day is full f hpe. Alice has been used t rewarding(奖励)herself thrugh shpping. This hbby als drives her t wrk hard and makes her life keep getting better.
But her mther, Mrs. Miller thinks quite differently. When Mrs. Miller knew the price f Alice’s new scarf, they started t argue with each ther and the argument(争执)lasted fr almst a whle day. Her mther thught that she shuldn’t spend s much mney n it, while Alice thught her mther didn’t understand her at all.
But Alice didn’t knw that her mther’s life was very hard. When Mrs. Miller was very yung, she culd nt find enugh clthes t wear in winter. She needed t learn hw t spend every penny(便士,货币单位)as if it were tw s that she culd survive(生存).
It’s just natural that tw peple can’t understand each ther because they have different experiences. Then, hw can we change the situatin?Try t be patient with the peple arund yu. Try t get t knw them. And try t stand in their shes. If Alice fllws the advice, I think she will get n well with her mther.
根据短文内容,回答下列问题。
1.Hw much did the scarf cst Alice?

2.Hw has Alice been used t rewarding herself?

3.When did Mrs. Miller start t argue with Alice?

4.Did Alice’s mther have an easy life when she was yung?

5.Hw many pieces f advice des the writer give Alice?

八
While yu are at the bkstre, yu may be faced with a difficult decisin: e-bks r paper bks? Each ne has its advantages and disadvantages. Making the best decisin depends n a number f factrs(因素).
An e-reader can carry a whle library wherever yu g, which is great fr travelers r thse wh always want a chice f reading material. Althugh e-readers are cnvenient, high levels f screen brightness frm an electrnic device(电子设备)can cause eye prblems. A study in the Infrmatin Science Research fund that yung peple preferred e-readers, like smartphnes r iPads. That’s why mst teenagers are shrt-sighted.
Many bk lvers still prefer paper bks and value the feeling f them. Paper bks are very well designed, they lk and smell gd, and they carry with them a mre human tuch. Avid(热衷的)readers prefer reading n paper. Perhaps this is their chice because paper bks give them a sense f wnership. It is reprted that reading n paper rather than an electrnic screen is better fr memry and fcus. But paper bks are heavy and they are nt cnvenient t carry.
Which is yur decisin, an e-bk r a paper bk?
阅读短文,回答下列问题。
1.Hw many kinds f bks are mentined in the passage?

2.D yung peple like e-readers better?

3.Accrding t the study, why are mst teenagers shrt-sighted?

4.Which is better fr memry and fcus, an e-bk r a paper bk?

5.What’s the main idea f the passage?

九
Huge Waves Destrying Arctic Ice Faster than Expected
Ice cvers much f the Arctic Ocean(北冰洋). Sme pieces f ice are huge, like mving islands. As temperatures have increased, hwever, sme f the ice has begun t disappear. Scientists have discvered huge waves(海浪)in the arctic waters.
The waves were discvered by accident in May, 2010. Scientist Aleksey Marchenk and his students set ut n a trip. They wanted t study the icy waters.
On May 2, the ship traveled east and stpped next t a large chunk f ice arund 50 miles frm the small island f Hpen. Marchenk prepared t lead his students ut nt the ice.
“We were ready t g but when I went ut, I discvered many cracks(裂缝)arund,” he remembers.
He decided t mve the ship deeper int the ice t keep safe. The farther in they went, he thught, the harder the ice wuld becme. As they pushed frward, hwever, the ship experienced small waves, and then bigger nes. Sn, the waves brke up the ice arund the ship int thusands f smaller pieces.
Within an hur, Marchenk and his team saw a wave that was abut 13 feet high. The ship’s navigatin(航行)system finally recrded the largest waves. They were mre than 20 feet in height. The waves were s strng that they frced huge pieces f ice t jump up and dwn, breaking the ice int smaller pieces within just ne hur. Scientists had never imagined that the prcess culd happen s fast. The waves in these areas used t be small.
The speed and frce f the huge waves there makes it impssible t knw in advance when they are cming. That culd be dangerus fr navigatrs and lcal cmmunities wh are unprepared fr huge waves r depend n sea ice t prtect them. Wildlife like plar bears and walruses that depend n sea ice t live is als in danger.
Sme scientists think peple will sn see even bigger waves in these icy waters. As waves break up ice, the seas will becme mre pen, and the waves will get even strnger. There are strmy times ahead.
1.When did Marchenk and his students discver huge waves in the arctic waters?

2.Why did Marchenk and his students set ut n the trip?

3.What did Marchenk decide t d t keep safe?

4.Hw high were the largest waves recrded by the navigatin system?

5.What is Paragraph 7 mainly abut?

十
Jhn Lennn was ne f the mst famus musical artists in the wrld. He was famus as ne f The Beatles. D yu want t knw mre abut Jhn Lennn? Here’s an intrductin abut him.
Jhn Lennn was brn in Liverpl in 1940. He was brught up by an aunt. His aunt bught him a harmnica and it made him fall in lve with music. Lennn’s mther played sme Elvis Presley’s recrds fr him and he especially lved Rck and Rll. He tld his mther and aunt he wuld be a famus singer ne day.
Lennn met Paul McCartney in 1957 at a church hall cncert. They became friends and began writing sngs tgether. They frmed a band called The Beatles. They became ppular playing live at lcal clubs in Liverpl and Germany. Then they became the mst successful and influential musicians in music histry. Lennn famusly said The Beatles were mre ppular than Jesus.
Lennn left The Beatles in 1970. In that same year he released the ‘Jhn Lennn/Plastic On Band’ album, which he recrded with his Japanese wife Yk On. His album ‘Imagine’ fllwed in 1971.Later n, mre classic albums fllwed.
Unluckily,Lennn was sht and killed utside his New Yrk apartment. He passed away n 8th December, 1980.
根据短文内容,回答下列问题。
1.Wh bught a harmnica fr Jhn Lennn?

2.When did Lennn meet Paul McCartney?

3.What’s the name f the band they frmed?

4.What did Lennn d in 1970?

5.What’s the main idea f the passage?