2023年新教材高考英语一轮复习Unit3阅读理解题组__练速度含解析外研版必修第二册

Unit3阅读理解题组——练速度

Ⅰ.阅读理解

A

Performances

Let’sFacetheMusic

Ria Jones,the world-famous star of Cats and LesMisérables,returns home for two special concerts.Ria invites you on a memorable journey that goes from musical to classical and from classical to pop.Songs from MissSaigon perfectly mix with Disney favorites from BeautyandtheBeast along with popular standards for a great evening in the company of a very special vocal talent.

SongRecital

Judy Coe performs widely as a soloist (独唱者) in America and is also a music teacher.The program includes songs from PorgyandBess,a successful American opera,with special solo piano arrangements by Katherine Morris.Judy ends the concert with songs whose texts are by Shakespeare,Yeats,Eliot,Oscar Wilde and Emily Dickinson.

MayteMartin

Mayte Martin is the best-known Catalan singer.She has been very popular since her early twenties,when she won a string of prizes.She has taken part in Barcelona’s WOMAD festivals and in the Gipsy King’s celebrated festival Mustique Gitano at Nimes.She will be accompanied by her regular solo guitarist,two dancers and a “clapper”.

TheAdventureofMalic

This show is about the fantastically dangerous life of an imaginary Iberian character called Malic.In this show he visits China and gets into fights with dragons and then travels to Barcelona where he comes across many dangerous characters.The show is told using Chinese shadowpuppets (皮影),with a live narrator-musician who gives life to the show in English.

1.In whose show can you enjoy famous writers’ works?

A.Ria Jones. B.Judy Coe.

C.Mayte Martin. D.Katherine Morris.

2.In which performance can you enjoy Disney songs?

A.Let’sFacetheMusic.

B.SongRecital.

C.MayteMartin.

D.TheAdventureofMalic.

3.What do we know about TheAdventureofMalic?

A.It is based on a sci-fiction.

B.It is shot and presented in China.

C.It uses a traditional Chinese art form.

D.Its characters speak Chinese fluently.

B

Now we are in a “golden age” of space-sample collection and exploration.Space agencies around the world are busy collecting,or planning to collect,samples from asteroids(小行星),moons and planets and so on.

China’s Chang’e-5 mission is the most recent sample-return mission that has been successfully completed.On Dec 17,2020,the Chang’e-5 lunar probe(探测器)returned home and landed in the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region after weeks of space travel,ChinaDaily reported.This was the world’s first lunar sample-return mission since 1976.The mission collected 1,713 grams of samples of rocks and dust with the help of a drill and a mechanical(机械的)arm.

Another space sample-return mission was completed on Dec 6,2020.Japan’s Hayabusa-2 probe returned a capsule to Earth containing valuable samples from the asteroid Ryugu.This was the second time asteroid samples had ever been collected and brought back to Earth.The first asteroid samples were collected by the original Hayabusa spacecraft back in 2010.

There will be more such missions in the near future.NASA’s OSIRIS-REx spacecraft,which collected samples from the asteroid Bennu in October 2020,is expected to return to Earth in 2023.Russia’s Lunar-25 mission is scheduled to launch to the moon in 2021 to collect lunar samples.

“I cannot emphasize enough how valuable return samples are for increasing our understanding of the origin and evolution of our solar system and our place in the universe,and how we came to be,” said Ann Nguyen,a NASA planetary scientist.

As for the Chang’e-5 lunar samples,scientists will conduct various analyses,tests and experiments to determine the composition,structure and physical characteristics of the samples.This information will help to deepen our knowledge about the history of the moon,as well as our solar system as a whole.

4.What do we know about the Chang’e-5 lunar probe?

A.It was launched on Dec 17,2020.

B.It completed the most successful mission.

C.It collected the world’s first lunar sample.

D.It brought back more than 1,700 grams of lunar samples.

5.What does the author focus on in Paragraphs 3 and 4?

A.Providing examples. B.Explaining a concept.

C.Drawing comparisons. D.Making a summary.

6.Why do we collect samples from space according to Ann Nguyen?

A.To learn more about how the solar system originates and evolves.

B.To determine the structure of the solar system.

C.To deepen our knowledge about our place on Earth.

D.To understand how water first appeared on the moon.

7.Which can be a suitable title for the text?

A.A “golden age” comes

B.Man explores space

C.Space samples land

D.Scientists analyse samples

C

Andrew Orkin was taking a break from his evening jog to sit by Prospect Park Lake when he was frightened to see a mass of snakes.They turned out to be swamp eels(黄鳝) that had escaped from one of two large plastic bags that split open as a man dragged them to the shoreline.After dumping the eels in the lake,the man walked away,explaining to bystanders that “I just want to save lives.”

The illegal release became a curiosity on social media,but the dumping of exotic(外来的) animals in urban parks isn’t new.New Yorkers free thousands of non-native animals every year.“People like animals and they sometimes think they’re doing a good thing by letting them go,” said Jason Munshi-South,an urban ecologist at Fordham University.“Most will die.Some will become a problem,and then there’s no going back.”

New York state and city officials say it’s too soon to know how the eels in Prospect Park might affect local species.The eels eat almost anything including plants,insects,frogs,turtles and other fish.And they could prey(捕食) upon or compete with the park’s native species for however long they survive.

There are no plans to eradicate the eels.Since they’re active at night and spend most of their time in the mud of lakes and rivers,spotting and removing them from the lake could be impossible.Officials say they will look for swamp eels during the agency’s next survey in the spring,but don’t expect them to make it through the winter.However,University of Toronto freshwater ecologist Nicholas Mandrak said,“Even if they don’t survive,they could have negative short-term effects.”

8.Why did the man pour the eels into the lake?

A.To challenge the law.

B.To increase the local species.

C.To keep the eels alive.

D.To become a web celebrity.

9.Why did the released eels become a concern?

A.They might get caught once again.

B.They might not adapt to the new environment.

C.They might frighten the joggers by the lake.

D.They might pose a threat to local species.

10.What does the underlined word “eradicate” in Paragraph 4 mean?

A.Get rid of. B.Look after.

C.Sell. D.Examine.

11.What is the officials’ opinion about dealing with the problem?

A.It is risky. B.It is tricky.

C.It takes patience. D.It requires legal support.

D

What makes people so special?Tool use,self-consciousness,language,and culture are high on the list,but in fact all of these characteristics can be found elsewhere in the animal kingdom.Humans and apes are close relatives,so it is perhaps not surprising that chimpanzees use tools or that gorillas (大猩猩) have a sense of fair play,even rejecting carrots (which they normally accept) when they see their neighbors getting grapes.But the qualities that we often think of as uniquely human exist not just on land,but in the ocean as well.

Among the invertebrates,octopuses(八爪鱼) are known for their intelligence,even exhibiting evidence of playfulness,tool use,and personality.But these skilled predators live alone and consequently lack culture.Dolphins,on the other hand,are large-brained,long-living,social-group-based predators,and it is here that we find the greatest similarity to human-like culture and awareness.

Culture depends on the ability of animals to pass on things they have learned to others.Many animals have culture in this sense,but what sets dolphins apart is what they pass on.Some bottlenose dolphins hold sponges in their mouths that they use as tools to sweep for fish hiding on the ocean floor.This ability is handed down through generations (especially in females),with some families—grandmother,mother,and daughter—all feeding in this highly specialized way.

Another characteristic that dolphins share with humans is their ability to recognize themselves in a mirror.When facing a mirror,most animals behave as though they were interacting with another individual.Even in humans,the ability to recognize that the image in a mirror is oneself does not occur before the age of 18 months.Dolphins not only recognize themselves,but if a black mark is put on the body of a dolphin,it will spend extra time at the mirror to look at the mark.

12.What does the example of gorillas rejecting carrots show?

A.They are not easy to fool.

B.They prefer fruit to vegetables.

C.They have a special taste for food.

D.They have an awareness of equality.

13.What do octopuses lack compared with dolphins?

A.Social interaction. B.Intelligence.

C.Tool using ability. D.Fun-loving spirits.

14.What makes dolphin culture special?

A.They tend to hunt in groups.

B.Their hunting skills are passed down.

C.Their learning environment is favourable.

D.Their families are typically female-controlled.

15.What can be inferred from the last paragraph?

A.Dolphins enjoy looking at their own reflection in the mirror.

B.Dolphins are as intelligent as a typical 18-month-old human baby.

C.Dolphins are generally regarded as the most advanced non-human species.

D.Dolphins’ ability to recognize their own reflection is a higher-order mental skill.

Ⅱ.阅读七选五

Dogs,more so than almost any other domestic pets,are desperate for human eye contact.　1　 And according to a new study,that pull on the heartstrings might be exactly why dogs can give us those looks at all. 

　2　 Studying the two animals is a bit like cracking open a four-legged time capsule.A paper published in the ProceedingsoftheNationalAcademyofSciences found that dogs’ faces are structured for complex expression in a way that wolves’ aren’t. 

For the study,a team looked at two muscles (the RAOL and LAOM muscles) that work together to widen and open a dog’s eyes,causing them to appear bigger and more lovely,which we read as distinctly humanlike.The muscles for two short,straight lines,which connect the ring of muscle around a dog’s eye to either end of the brow above.　3　 Therefore,they concluded that the origin of these complex facial expressions is after dogs splitting from wolves.Research has also shown that when dogs work these muscles,humans respond more positively.This isn’t simply a coincidental love story,in which the eyes of two species just so happen to meet across a crowded planet.　4　 

For a species to change quickly,a pretty powerful force must be acting on it.　5　We connect more deeply with animals capable of making humanlike facial movements,so dogs have evolved to look like our own human babies to be selected for adoption. 

A.Dogs are similar to wolves.

B.And that’s where humans come in.

C.It’s hard for most people to resist the shining eyes of a little dog.

D.But in the four gray wolves the researchers looked at,neither muscle was present.

E.Like the other best partnerships,this one is more likely the result of years of evolution.

F.Researchers have long been interested in the ways dogs make eye contact with humans.

G.Dogs split off from their wolf relatives—specifically,gray wolves—as many as 33,000 years ago.

答案：

Ⅰ.【语篇导读】本文是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了几场演出,并对其主题进行了说明。

1.B　解析细节理解题。根据SongRecital部分的“JudyendstheconcertwithsongswhosetextsarebyShakespeare,Yeats,Eliot,OscarWildeandEmilyDickinson.”可知,在JudyCoe的表演中,你可以欣赏到著名作家的作品。

2.A　解析细节理解题。根据Let’sFacetheMusic部分的“SongsfromMissSaigonperfectlymixwithDisneyfavoritesfromBeautyandtheBeastalongwithpopularstandardsforagreateveninginthecompanyofaveryspecialvocaltalent.”可知,在Let’sFacetheMusic这个演出中可以欣赏迪斯尼的歌曲。

3.C　解析推理判断题。根据文章TheAdventureofMalic部分的“TheshowistoldusingChineseshadowpuppets,withalivenarrator-musicianwhogiveslifetotheshowinEnglish.”可知,TheAdventureofMalic是通过一种中国的传统艺术形式表现出来的。

【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了中国嫦娥五号探测器最近成功登月完成月球采样任务;此外,日本和美国以及俄罗斯都在收集月球样本,太空取样的“黄金时期”已来临。

4.D　解析细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Themissioncollected1,713gramsofsamplesofrocksanddustwiththehelpofadrillandamechanicalarm.”可知,嫦娥五号探测器带回了1700多克月球样本。

5.A　解析推理判断题。根据第三段第一句“Anotherspacesample-returnmissionwascompletedonDec6,2020.”和第四段第一句“Therewillbemoresuchmissionsinthenearfuture.”可知作者在第三段和第四段中举例子说明了日本和美国以及俄罗斯的各种太空取样任务。

6.A　解析推理判断题。根据第五段中的“Icannotemphasizeenoughhowvaluablereturnsamplesareforincreasingourunderstandingoftheoriginandevolutionofoursolarsystemandourplaceintheuniverse,andhowwecametobe”可知,美国宇航局行星科学家AnnNguyen认为太空取样任务有很大的意义,它使人类更加了解太阳系的起源和演化、人类在宇宙中的位置以及人类如何发展到现在。由此可知,按照AnnNguyen的看法,人类从太空中收集样本的目的是了解有关太阳系如何起源和演化的更多信息。

7.C　解析主旨大意题。通读全文可知,现在我们正处于空间样本收集和探索的“黄金时代”。世界各地的太空机构都在忙于收集或计划从小行星,月球和行星等收集样本。日本和美国以及俄罗斯都在收集月球样本。由此可知,文章的主要内容是有关“太空样本收集和探索”的,因此C项(太空采样的来临)符合文章的内容,可以作为标题。

【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。本文介绍了人们放生外来生物对当地生态可能产生的影响。

8.C　解析细节理解题。根据文章第一段的最后一句“Afterdumpingtheeelsinthelake,themanwalkedaway,explainingtobystandersthat‘Ijustwanttosavelives.’”可知,那人把黄鳝倒进湖里是为了放生。

9.D　解析推理判断题。根据第三段的最后一句“Andtheycouldpreyuponorcompetewiththepark’snativespeciesforhoweverlongtheysurvive.”可知,它们都会捕食当地物种或跟园中本地物种竞争,可能对本地物种构成威胁。

10.A　解析词义猜测题。根据最后一段中的“Sincethey’reactiveatnightandspendmostoftheirtimeinthemudoflakesandrivers,spottingandremovingthemfromthelakecouldbeimpossible.”可知,它们在夜间活动且大部分时间待在泥里,因此发现它们并且从湖里移除是不可能的。由此猜测,画线词“eradicate”的意思为“根除,消灭”,与A项意思接近。

11.B　解析推理判断题。根据最后一段提道:由于它们在夜间活动,大部分时间都在湖泊和河流的泥泞中度过,因此发现它们并将其从湖中清除是不可能的。然而,多伦多大学淡水生态学家尼古拉斯·曼德拉克说:“即使它们无法存活,也可能产生短期负面影响。”由此可知,官员们认为清除黄鳝的问题比较棘手。

【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。工具的使用、自我意识、语言和文化让人类如此特别,但事实上,所有这些特征都可以在动物王国的其他地方找到。

12.D　解析细节理解题。根据第一段中的“...evenrejectingcarrots(whichtheynormallyaccept)whentheyseetheirneighborsgettinggrapes.”可知,大猩猩拒绝胡萝卜的例子表明它们有平等意识。

13.A　解析细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Buttheseskilledpredatorslivealoneandconsequentlylackculture.Dolphins,ontheotherhand,arelarge-brained,long-living,social-group-basedpredators...”可知,和海豚相比,章鱼缺少社会互动。

14.B　解析细节理解题。根据第三段中的“Thisabilityishandeddownthroughgenerations(especiallyinfemales),...”可知,让海豚文化如此特别的是它们的狩猎技巧代代相传。

15.D　解析推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“Dolphinsnotonlyrecognizethemselves,butifablackmarkisputonthebodyofadolphin,itwillspendextratimeatthemirrortolookatthemark.”可知,海豚识别自己倒影的能力是一种更高阶的心智技能。

【长难句分析】Many animals have culture in this sense,but what sets dolphins apart is what they pass on.

【分析】Manyanimalshave...和whatsets...是由but连接的并列句;在第二个分句中,第一个what引导的是主语从句,第二个what引导的是表语从句。

【译文】从这个意义上讲,许多动物都有自己的文化,但海豚的与众不同之处在于它们所传递的东西。

Ⅱ.【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。研究表明,狗狗在进化过程中,面部表情越来越像人类,这也是狗狗被人们所接受的原因。

1.C　解析根据上文“Dogs,moresothanalmostanyotherdomesticpets,aredesperateforhumaneyecontact.”可知,下文应该也是与狗的眼神有关的内容。C项“对大多数人来说,很难抗拒小狗水汪汪的眼睛”符合语境。

2.G　解析根据下文“...dogs’facesarestructuredforcomplexexpressioninawaythatwolves’aren’t.”可知,空处应该提到两种动物:狗和狼。G项“狗是在33000年前从它们的近亲狼中分离出来的,尤其是灰狼”中有Dogs和wolf,符合题意。

3.D　解析根据上文“Themusclesfortwoshort,straightlines,whichconnecttheringofmusclearoundadog’seyetoeitherendofthebrowabove.”可知,空处也应该与面部表情的肌肉控制有关。D项“但在研究人员观察的四头灰狼中,都不存在肌肉”和上文构成转折关系。

4.E　上文“Thisisn’tsimplyacoincidentallovestory,inwhichtheeyesoftwospeciesjustsohappentomeetacrossacrowdedplanet.”可知,空处应该解释这种现象的真正原因。E项“就像其他最好的伙伴关系一样,这种关系更有可能是多年进化的结果”和上文构成因果关系。

5.B　解析根据下文“Weconnectmoredeeplywithanimalscapableofmakinghumanlikefacialmovements,sodogshaveevolvedtolooklikeourownhumanbabiestobeselectedforadoption.”可知,空处是讲人类对狗狗进化的影响。B项符合语境。