话题14 科普科技- 中考英语重难题型热点主题时文押题组合练

中考英语时文阅读组合训练

主题：科普科技

001   A完形填空     宇航员在太空如何应对疾病

002   B阅读理解     中国航天事业的里程碑事件

003   C阅读理解     创新：学生发明盲文阅读设备

004   D阅读理解     运用高科技监控跟踪大象

005   E任务型阅读   迪士尼将开设太空主题餐厅

006   F短文填空     阅读助手帮助孩子们阅读

007  传统文化趣味读  中国的扇子

A完形填空

主题：宇航员在太空如何应对疾病

It＇s not common but possible that astronauts （宇航员），like us on Earth， fall ill in space too. The special space environment, like weightlessness, noise and pressure changes, can  1  many functional disorders and diseases, including space adaptation syndrome, decompression sickness, sleep disorder and even serious arrhythmia（心律失常）.Therefore，without  2  in space, astronauts have to  3  themselves with the help of ground crews（地勤人员）， especially their flight surgeons （外科医生）. This is the same case for Chinese astronauts, or taikonauts.

  4  the Chinese flight surgeons is Shi Hongzhi, who accompanies（陪伴）taikonauts in their ground training and oversees （监督）their in-orbit（在轨的）conditions. She has led the development of a well-established set of in orbit medical treatment procedures.

In 2019， she reviewed and revised （修订） the disease spectrum based on the latest data at home and  5  ,and formed an upgraded version covering 90 diseases in four groups.

Shi's work laid a solid foundation for medical support in the space station. Led by Shi，a diagnosis and treatment manual（诊断和治疗手册） was  6  later, including medical plans, drug use guidelines and in-orbit medical treatment procedures.

Taikonauts are  7  to learn the 23 in-orbit medical treatment procedures. Once they follow the steps, their conditions will be transferred to the ground medical crew,  8  will provide treatment suggestions.

A sound mechanism of in-orbit disease prevention, diagnosis and treatment makes sure that taikonauts in mission  9  timely and effective（有效的）medical treatment， helping lower the  10  of an emergency（紧急的） need for any of the taikonauts to return to Earth

B阅读理解

主题：中国航天事业的里程碑事件

During the last two decades （十年）， China has made huge progress in spaceflight （航天）.Below is a list of landmarks （里程碑） of the Chinese space program.

1.Which of the following are China's space laboratories?

2.When will Shenzhou XII space shuttle come back to Earth?

A. In June.

B. In July.

C. In September.

D. In December.

3. In which part of a magazine can we read the text?

C阅读理解

主题：创新：学生发明盲文阅读设备

Instead of enjoying the summer vacation time like most junior middle school students, Feng Boyao and Meng Shuqi are busy with improving the Braille（盲文）reading device（设备）they invented.

Feng and Meng, students at No.37 Middle School in Taiyuan, Shanxi Province, spent nearly a year developing a new kind of Braille reading device and won the first prize at a recent provincial-level youth science and technology innovation（创新） competition. The device will be entered in a national-level competition that will start in Beijing next week.

A large number of Braille contact dots （触摸点）have been set up on the device, which is 50cm long and 10cm high. It can display Braille content as a cursor （光标） moves across a computer screen via a computer application.

“Education for those people with visual disabilities（视觉障碍）is mainly based on Braille books, but very few Braille books can be found in the marketplace, or they are outdated and cannot meet the needs of the blind,” Feng said. “A small number of people can afford Braille reading devices, which may sell for as much as 10,000 yuan ($1,549) or more.”

“The cost of our device is much lower, so it will be advantageous for market promotion （推广），”he said.

In addition， because of its magnetic （有磁性的）structure，the content displayed on the device is said to be more accurate than others.

“We hope our device can help blind people who become poor from lack of education,” Meng said. “We also hope to contribute our power to China's poverty alleviation strategy.

1.What's so special about the Braille reading device Feng and Meng invented?

①It's cheaper.  ② It's more accurate.  ③ It can read faster.  ④It has a magnetic structure.

2.Why did the two students invent the reading device?

A. They needed to win in the competition.

B. They wanted to help blind people.

C. They had to do their vacation homework.

D. They hoped to earn some money.

3.Which word can best describe Feng and Meng?

D阅读理解

主题：运用高科技监控跟踪大象

At 7：26 pm on Saturday， Li Zhongyun， a forest ranger （护 林人） and Asian elephant observer， received a message via an app on his phone just after he finished work and arrived home in Yunnan Province. The message said, “A large group of wild elephants is lingering （逗留） near the Chengzi-I community in Mengwang Village, Menghai County. Please inform villagers who are working outside to be careful.”

In recent years， with increased forest coverage（覆盖范围）in the reserve and fewer herbs and lianas (climbing plants hanging from trees) for the elephants to eat, the creatures have been seen feeding on farmland more frequently.

To reduce encounters （相遇） between humans and wild animals, the local authorities launched an app that allows users to identify, locate and track wild elephants.

Li said， “As an elephant observer， I upload （上传） information to the system as soon as I spot the animals in the wild.”

With one click on the app, users can view the location of nearby elephants and make preparations should the animals come near.

A total of 471 infrared（红外线的）cameras and 142 intelligent broadcasting systems have been installed（安装） in protected areas in Jinghong City and Mengla County, along with two sets of video surveillance systems at the Wild Elephant Valley scenic spot.

There are now more than 200,000 users of the unmanned aerial vehicle monitoring and early warning platform, and it has over 41,200 followers on WeChat.

1.What does Paragraph 2 imply?

A. Elephants feed on tall trees.

B. There are fewer trees in the reserve.

C. Wild elephants were not often seen on farmland before.

D. The number of wild elephants has increased in recent years.

2.Why did the local authorities launch such an app?

A. To stop elephants from leaving the wild.

B. To protect the animals in the wild.

C. To prevent humans from meeting wild animals.

D. To make it more convenient for animal lovers.

3.According to the passage, which of the following is NOT TRUE about the app?

A. It is convenient.

B. It has more than 200,000 users.

C. It is launched by the government.

D. It is quite popular around the world

E任务型阅读

主题：迪士尼将开设太空主题餐厅

Get ready for an out-of-this-world dining experience. Walt Disney World Resort in Florida, the United States, has announced the opening of the Space 220 restaurant coming to its Epcot area in mid-September.

Offering an immersive （沉浸式的） dining experience，the restaurant will make visitors feel like they're sitting at a restaurant near the International Space Station. The experience begins at the Departure Lounge in Future World, where visitors wait for a space elevator to rocket them to Centauri Space Station, located （位于）354 kilometers above Earth （a distance similar to the orbit of the actual International Space Station). Of course, the elevator is not real but a feature of illusion （幻觉）designed by engineers.

During takeoff, visitors will see Epcot and Orlando getting smaller and smaller and, as they leave Earth, the space-station scene comes into view. Once diners are docked （停靠），they＇ll move into a space station-themed dining area, where they'll enjoy their meals surrounded by panoramic（全景的） views of Earth. Some astronauts will appear every so often, working on the space station or maybe just playing around.

The announcement came a week after Disney revealed another intergalactic（星际的） experience： the new Star Wars Galactic Starcruiser hotel. The hotel is scheduled to open in the spring of 2022. If you stay in the hotel, you can watch movies in its immersive theater, enjoy its themed environment and delicious food, and play a real-life role-playing game, according to the theme park

阅读短文，回答下面1～3小题。

1.How will the visitors be rocketed to Centauri Space Station?

____________________________________________________________________________________________

2. What will diners see in the space station-themed dining area?

____________________________________________________________________________________________

3. If you are going to spend a night in the hotel, what do you plan to do in the hotel?

____________________________________________________________________________________________

F短文填空

主题：阅读助手帮助孩子们阅读

Almost all parents know it is good to read with children,(1)__________parents might not always be there when kids want to open a book. Amazon thinks it can fill in that gap （缺口）.

With the new Reading Sidekick, children can say “Alexa, let＇s read” to it and the artificial intelligence-powered （人工智能 驱动的） assistant will take turns reading with them.

After Alexa is asked(2)          (read) with them, the AI assistant will ask how much they want to read: a little, a lot, (3)         taking turns. If a child responds （回答） “a little，” Alexa will read most of the pages and ask the child to read one of the shorter(4)         (page). If a child(5)        (choose) “a lot,” the child will get to read four sentences, paragraphs, or pages, depending on the book, with Alexa reading one. If“ taking turns,” the child and Alexa will take turns to read paragraphs or pages.

Parents can create a voice profile （配置文件） for up to four children in the Alexa app and they'll get parental controls, kid-appropriate responses as well(6)        personalized（个性化的） Alexa skills, games and(7)          (medium).

An Amazon Kids＋ subscription（订阅）（＄2.99 monthly） (8) _________(require). Children can choose (9)            hundreds of physical and digital books that are supported, with more being added(10)        _____________(month). Over 700 titles will be available for children aged 6 to 9, and Amazon is promising “hundreds more” every month.

阅读短文，用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空。

1.__________  2. __________  3. __________  4. __________  5. __________ 

6.__________  7. __________  8. __________  9. __________  10. __________ 

传统文化趣味读

中国的扇子

Chinese culture is like a bright starry sky and the fan is like a bright star, with hundreds of years of history and a central part in Chinese culture and art. At home or abroad， fans are a beloved（深受喜爱的） item.

Many different types of fans， like feather fans，painted fans， lace fans and embroidered（绣花 的） fans， were made in China and then exported （出口） to European countries． In the 17th and 18th centuries, Chinese folding fans were introduced to Europe and sold mainly to French and British royal women and ladies. Those fans were made of lambskin， chicken skin， Chinese spun silk （绢丝）and gauze（薄纱）and were decorated （装饰） with colorful drawings and embroidery，which made them look luxurious（奢侈的）.

At the same time, in China, where the fans are produced, they are different. The fans that are exported to Europe, such as the UK and Spain, are made of different materials from that in China. Westerners prefer to use feathers, and add lace edges, while the Chinese pay attention to the density of texture and pattern（纹理的密度和图案）.We Chinese prefer to leave some blank space on the fans， while Westerners focus on complexity （复杂性）， thus their fans look very fancy almost without any empty areas.

Chinese round fans are not only a perfect blend（混合） of functionality（功能）and beauty，but also signify Chinese culture＇s high regard for literati （文人），and a reverence （敬畏）for the entire universe， to harmony and unity.

答案解析

【A完形填空】

1．C。考查动词辨析。A项意为“预防”，B项意为“治疗；对待”，C项意为“引起；使遭受”，D项意为“抓住；赶上”。由空格所在句的主语 The special space environment（特殊的太空环境），以及 weightlessness，noise and pressure changes（失重、噪声和压力变化）可知，该句讲的是太空环境会引发疾病，故选C。

2．D。考查上下文语义。A项意为“疾病”，B项意为“空气”，C项意为“水”，D项意为“医院”。由上文可知，本篇文章讲的是宇航员在太空怎么应对疾病，A项代人原文后意为“太空中没有疾病”，显然不符合逻辑，故排除A项；文中并没有提及空气、水等，故排除B项和C项；D项代人原文意为“在太空中没有医院的情况下，宇航员必须····自己”，并且下文提到了需要航天员医生的帮助，所以“医院”符合语境，故选D。

3．B。考查动词短语辨析。A项意为“坚持认为；坚决要求”；B项意为“依靠··.·，依赖·····”；C项意为“对···...起作用；按照·····行事”；D项意为“以······为食；靠···..·生活”。根据上文 without hospitals in space（太空中没有医院）可知，宇航员必须依靠自己，故选B。

4．A。考查介词辨析。A项意为“在·····之中”，常用于表示在三个及以上成员之中，属于某个团体；B项意为“在·····中间”，常用于表示在两者中间；C项意为“在.·..·里面”，D项意为“在旁边；除····以外（还）”。空格所在句是倒装句，其正常语序应为Shi Hongzhi is the Chinese flight surgeons。由此可知，该句讲的是石宏志是中国航天员医生中的一员，故选A。

5．B。考查固定搭配。at home and abroad为固定搭配，意为“国内外”。故选B。

6．A。考查动词短语辨析。A项意为“解决；算出；制定出”，B项意为“切断；删去”，C项意为“关掉；使转变方向；使失去兴趣”，D项意为“关小，调低；拒绝”。由主语 a diagnosis and treatment manual（诊断和治疗手册）可知，这里讲的是制定诊断和治疗手册，故选A。

7．C。考查动词辨析。A项意为“禁止”，B项意为“惩罚”，C项意为“培训；训练”，D项意为“拒绝”。该句意为“＇太空人＇_________，学习23个在轨医疗程序”。由上文可知，石宏志牵头制定了诊断和治疗手册，其中包括在轨医疗程序。由下文可知，制定该手册的目的是让宇航员学习该程序，从而在需要时获得医疗建议。因此A、B、D三项均不符合句意，故选C。

8．D。考查定语从句。空格位于定语从句中，该定语从句的先行词是 ground medical crew（地面医务人员）。先行词为人，且从句中缺主语，因此关系词为who，故选D。

9．C。考查动词辨析。A项意为“需要”，B项意为“跟随；遵循”，C项意为“得到；接收”，D项意为“注意到；留心”。该句意为“健全的在轨疾病预防、诊断和治疗机制能确保执行任务的＇太空人＇_________及时而有效的治疗”。将四个选项代入文中，“得到治疗”最符合语义，故选C。

10．A。考查名词辨析。A项意为“风险”，B项意为“机会”，C项意为“价值”，D项意为“影响”。由上文可知，建立健全的在轨疾病预防、诊断和治疗机制是为了让宇航员得到及时而有效的治疗，使他们不必紧急返回地球接受治疗，以免耽误病情。因此，该机制可以降低宇航员需要紧急返回地球的风险，故选A。

【B阅读理解】

1．B。细节理解题。根据Tiangong I对应 Information一栏中的 As China＇s first space laboratory（作为中国第一个太空实验室），以及Tiangong II 对应 Information一栏中的 It was China＇s second space laboratory（这是中国第 二个太空实验室）可知，天宫一号和天宫二号是中国的太空实验室。故选B。

2．C。细节理解题。根据 Shenzhou XII 对应Information一栏中的 Launched on June 17th，2021，planned to last three months（2021年6月17日发射，计划持续飞行3个月）可知，神舟十二号计划于九月份左右返回地球。故选C。

3．D。推理判断题。本文讲述的是中国航天事业的里程碑事件，属于中国航天科技领域的发展史，因此应属于Science（科学）栏目，故选D。

【C阅读理解】

1．C。细节理解题。根据第五段中的 The cost of our device is much lower（我们的设备成本要低得多）可知①正确: more accurate 和 magnetic structure是第六段中的原词，因此②、④正确；③在文中未提及。故选C。

2．B。细节理解题。根据第七段可知，冯伯尧和孟书绮发明盲文阅读设备的目的是希望能够帮助那些因缺乏教育而变得贫穷的盲人，以及为中国的扶贫战略贡献力量。故选B。

3．D。推理判断题。本文讲述的是两位中学生利用暑假的时间改进他们发明的盲文阅读设备的故事，发明创造最能体现的是创新精神，故选D。

【D阅读理解】

1．C。推理判断题。由第二段大意可知，近年来人们越来越频繁地看到大象在农田里觅食的原因是，保护区内森林覆盖率增加，可供大象食用的草本和藤本植物减少了。由此可推断，以前在农田里不常看到大象，故选C。

2．C。细节理解题。根据第三段中的 To reduce encounters between humans and wild animals（为了减少人类和野 生动物之间的接触）可知，推出这款应用程序是为了减少人类和野生动物之间相遇的机会。C项是对To reduce encounters...animals的同义改写，故选C。

3．D。细节理解题。根据最后一段中关于WeChat的信息可知，该应用程序只在我国范围内流行，而非在全球范围内流行，故选D。

【E任务型阅读】

1.By a space elevator．根据第二段第二句中的 The experience begins at the Departure Lounge in Future World, where visitors wait for a space elevator to rocket them to Centauri Space Station 可知，游客将乘坐太空电梯到达空间站。

2.Diners will see the panoramic views of Earth and some astronauts.根据第三段第二句 Once diners are docked... dining area, where they'll enjoy their meals surrounded by panoramic views of Earth 和第三句 Some astronauts will appear every so often...可知，在太空主题餐厅，用餐者们可以看到地球全景，以及一些宇航员。

3. If I am going to spend a night in the hotel, I wiIl first enjoythe delicious food in the dining room,then watch Star Wars series in the theater, and finally play guessing games with my friends.（合理作答即可。）

【F短文填空】

（1）but。空格前为一个完整的句子，句意为“几乎所有父母都知道和孩子一起读书很好”；空格后也是一个完整的句子，句意为“当孩子想打开书阅读时，父母可能并不总是在旁边”。空格前后都是完整的句子，因此空格处应填连词，又因前后为转折关系，故填but。

（2） to read。ask sb． to do sth．意为“让某人做某事”，是动词ask的固定用法。该句型的被动形式为sb.is asked to do sth.，故填 to read。

（3）or。由空格前后的a little、a lot和 taking turns 可知，三者为并列关系。又由下文的三个If结构可知，空格处表示选择，故填or。

（4）pages。由空格前的 one of the 可知，此处表示“·····其中之一”，the后面的名词用复数形式，故填pages。

（5）chooses。由空格前的主语a child可知，谓语动词choose应用其第三人称单数形式，又由全文时态可知，此处应使用一般现在时，故填chooses。

（6）as。as well as 意为“也；以及”。分析句子结构可知，parental controls、kid-appropriate responses、 personalized Alexa skills...作动词get的宾语，三者为 并列结构，因此使用as well as 结构是合理的，故填as。

（7）media。由空格前的skills、games可知，medium应填其复数形式，故填media。

（8）is required。该句主语为 An Amazon Kids＋ subscription， 和谓语动词require之间是被动关系，且主语为第三人称单数，故填 is required。

（9）from。choose from意为“从·．．·中选择”，是 choose的固定用法之一，from后跟复数名词，表示“从（一个集体中）选择”，故填from。

（10）monthly。由空格前的being added可知，此处应填副词修饰动词added，故填 monthly.