主题15 中考英语重难题型热点主题时文押题组合练

这是一份主题15 中考英语重难题型热点主题时文押题组合练，共14页。试卷主要包含了____________ 2，____________ 7，Yes,it is等内容，欢迎下载使用。

 中考英语重难题型
热点主题时文押题组合练15

001 A阅读理解 医生首次将“猪心脏”移植给人类
002 B阅读理解 南太平洋岛国汤加海底火山喷发
003 C阅读理解 科学家通过采集空气中的DNA鉴别动物
004 D任务型阅读 昆明至万象“中老铁路”正式通车！
005 E完形填空 19岁女孩“环球飞行”创吉尼斯世界纪录！
006 F短文填空 巴拿马神奇蚂蚁是树木修复专家

A阅读理解
主题：医生首次将“猪心脏”移植给人类
On January 12, 2022, doctors at the University of Maryland Medical Center were very thrilled（激动的）.They finished replacing the heart of a very sick man with a specially-grown pig's heart. It's the first time that this surgery has ever been done. After three days, the patient appeared to be doing very well.
“It's working and it looks normal,” said Dr Bartley Griffith，the surgeon（外科医生） who performed the operation. “We don't know what tomorrow will bring us. This has never been done before.”
David Bennett, who's 57, is the man who was given the new heart. He was given special permission（许可）to have the unusual operation because without it, he would have died. “Either die or do this transplant,” said Mr Bennett.“I want to live.”
For years, scientists have tried to figure out how to transplant organs from other animals into humans. This is hard because the human body almost always rejects (doesn't accept) something that isn't its own. This even includes some transplants from humans. Scientists have tried transplanting organs from a chimpanzee（黑猩猩）or a baboon, a large African or Arabian monkey with a dog. like face, but this didn't work very well.*
More recently, scientists have focused on transplants from pigs, Pig organs contain a special chemical that causes human bodies to reject them. This time, to prevent that, scientists changed the pig's DNA so it wouldn't produce the chemical. Scientists made several other changes to the pig's DNA, and even added some things normally found in human DNA.
It's good news that Mr Bennett's body has shown no signs of rejecting the heart. For Mr Bennett, the new surgery is a life-saver.
1 Which of the following is NOT true about David Bennett?
A. He is a 57-year-old patient with a heart problem.
B. He didn't agree to have a heart operation.
C. He is the first man to have a pig's heart.
D. His operation was performed by Dr Bartley Griffith.
2 The underlined word “it” in Paragraph 3 refers to .
A. the special permission
B. a specially-grown pig's heart
C. a surgery to repair his heart valves（瓣膜）
D. the unusual transplant operation
3 Paragraph 4 mainly tells us .
A. scientists focused on heart transplants all the time
B. it is difficult to transplant animal organs into humans
C. scientists have tried transplanting organs from lots of animals
D. a baboon is a large monkey with a dog-like face
4 Which word can best describe Mr Bennett's operation?
A. Successful.
B. Dangerous.
C. Painful.
D. Common

B阅读理解
主题：南太平洋岛国汤加海底火山喷发
Tonga is an island nation in the South Pacific Ocean. On January 14,2022,an underwater volcano erupted （喷发）near Tonga.
The volcano is located off the coast of Tonga. It first began to erupt on Friday. Even though the volcano was underwater, it sent a column of gas, ash, and stones 20 kilometers into the sky.
Saturday's eruption was far larger. It's believed to be the largest in over 20 years. The eruption caused a loud “sonic boom（音爆）”，which could be heard even in Alaska, 10,000 kilometers away. The eruption caused a 5.8 magnitude earthquake， as well as tsunami （海啸）waves that traveled far and wide.
In Japan, Chile and Australia, people moved away from low-lying areas along the coast. The waves sunk boats in New Zealand and caused two deaths in Peru.
The event knocked out Internet services in the area. Like most island nations, Tonga gets its Internet through a cable that runs deep under the sea. The reports of injuries and deaths in Tonga related to the eruption couldn't be known in time because of problems with communication.*
In the following days, the smoke and ash from the volcano covered much of Tonga, The ash made the air dangerous to breathe and polluted many sources of drinking water, That was the biggest danger which might last for a long time.
New Zealand and Australia sent learns to Tonga to help out. Some of the teams used airplanes to get a better idea of the damage across the island nation. But at that time, the large cloud of ash high above Tonga was making it impossible to get a good picture of what was happening in the area from high in the air. The United States and the World Health Organization also sent help to Tonga.
1 Which is the right order of the following events?
a. People in Alaska heard a loud “sonic boom”.
b. Tsunami waves caused two deaths in Peru.
c. The largest eruption of the volcano happened.
d. The volcano began to erupt on January 14.
A. c-d-a-b
B. d-a-c-d
C. d-c-a-b
D. a-d-b-c
2 The biggest danger the volcano caused comes from__________.
A. a 5.8 magnitude earthquake
B. the tsunami waves
C. the smoke and ash from the volcano
D. the problems with communication
3 What's the main idea of the last paragraph?
A. New Zealand and Australia helped Tonga out.
B. Airplanes could help know the damage across the island nation.
C. People couldn't make sure what was happening in Tonga at that time.
D. Tonga got help from other countries and the WHO.
4 What is the best title for the passage?
A. An island nation in the South Pacific Ocean
B. Tsunamis and flooding from California to Alaska
C. An underwater volcano erupted near Tonga
D. The eruption of a volcano caused many deaths

C阅读理解
主题：科学家通过采集空气中的DNA鉴别动物
Scientists have come up with a new way of identifying animals in an area-by testing DNA in the air.
Two teams of scientists-one in Denmark and one in the United Kingdom-came up with the same question at about the same time: Could they identify the animals in an area from DNA that was simply floating in the air?
DNA and eDNA
Every living thing has DNA that can be used to identify it. They leave bits of DNA behind them wherever they go. DNA left behind like this is called “environmental” DNA, or eDNA. Scientists can use it to tell what kinds of animals are in a certain place.
Testing for eDNA isn't a new idea, but most of the time, scientists look for eDNA in water. Neither team knew that the other group was working on a similar experiment. One collected samples from different locations at Denmark's Copenhagen Zoo, and the other at Hamerton Zoo Park in the UK. The scientists used slightly different methods to collect their samples. But basically， both teams used vacuums （真空吸尘器） and fans to collect tiny bits of DNA.
In the laboratory, by comparing their samples with examples of DNA from different animals, the scientists were able to identify many different animals at the zoos.
The scientists chose to test in zoos because they had rare animals not naturally found in the area.* Each team only discovered about the other experiment after they had written a paper about their own results. The two decided to combine（合并）their results and publish a paper together.
Both teams are excited about the ways this new method could be used in the wild. The researchers believe the method could help scientists a lot. Scientists have been looking for better ways to track endangered animals without interfering（干扰）with them. If researchers know where the animals live, they can do a better job of protecting them. The next step is to figure out how to take this method into nature.
1 What can we learn about “eDNA” from the passage?
A. It only floats in the air.
B. It's created by some researchers.
C. It can't be found in water.
D. It's left in the environment.
2 Which of the following is TRUE about the two teams of scientists?
A. They used quite different methods.
B. They knew exactly what each other was doing at first.
C. They competed against each other.
D. They worked together to publish a paper.
3 What's the purpose of the last paragraph?
A. To advise scientists to use new ways to do the experiment.
B. To tell us the work of both teams is meaningful.
C. To mention that the method of both teams isn't perfect.
D. To call people to protect endangered animals.
4 What is the best title for the passage?
A. Two teams of scientists find rare animals
B. Differences between DNA and eDNA
C. Scientists identify animals by DNA in the air
D. How to track endangered animals

D任务型阅读
主题：昆明至万象“中老铁路”正式通车！
On December 3,2021,the China-Laos Railway started operation. After five years of construction （建设）， the new high-speed railway was finally opened on Friday. Laos＇ President Thongloun Sisoulith and Chinese President Xi Jinping spoke over a video connection at the opening ceremony.
The railway runs 1,035 kilometers, including 422 kilometers in Laos, from the city of Kunming to Vientiane （万象），the capital of Laos． The trains can travel at a speed of 160 km per hour， through mountains and valleys． It can slash （大幅度 削减） the travel time between the two cities to about 10 hours.
The China-Laos Railway is a flagship project of mutually （互相地） beneficial cooperation between the two countries. The project is a huge step forward for Laos, which only had 4 kilometers of rail lines before this.
Laos is the only country in southeast Asia with no connection to the sea. Being able to send products quickly to and from China will make it much easier for Laos to do business with other countries. It will also make it far easier for Chinese tourists to visit.
Construction of the Laos section started in December 2016,and construction of the China part linking Yuxi and the border town of Mohan started in December 2015.A total of 167 tunnels and 301 bridges were built along the new sections, after builders overcame many technical difficulties.
The China-Laos Railway is a landmark project of high-quality Belt and Road cooperation. In recent years, China has continuously improved the level of Belt and Road cooperation, achieved mutual benefits and win-win results for participating countries, and opened up new space for the development of the world economy.
阅读短文，根据短文内容简要回答下列问题。
1 If a train starts from Kunming at 7:00,when will it get to Vientiane?
____________________________________________________________________________________________
2 Why is the China-Laos Railway a huge step forward for Laos?
____________________________________________________________________________________________
3 Is the China-Laos Railway good for Laos? Why?
____________________________________________________________________________________________
4 What do the new sections refer to?
____________________________________________________________________________________________
5 What's the best title for this passage?
____________________________________________________________________________________________


E完形填空
主题：19岁女孩“环球飞行”创吉尼斯世界纪录！
On January 20,2022,the 19-year-old pilot Zara Rutherford set the Guinness World record as the youngest woman to fly alone around the world. Zara finally ended her155-day journey 1 the skies of the world, by touching down in her home country, Belgium.
The British-Belgian teenager, who comes from a family of pilots, started flying when she was 14 and got her pilot's 2 in 2020.
On August 18,2021,Zara 3 her round-the-world journey in Belgium in a tiny plane.
“Through my round-the-world trip, I'm hoping to 4 other girls to start flying too. Only 5% of commercial（商业的）pilots are women！ That＇s a too low 5 ."Zara wrote on her website.
Zara also caught the eye of Richard Branson, who decided to sponsor （赞助） the trip through his company the Virgin Group. Richard 6 Zara during her trip before she took off for Colombia.
Zara flew across 52 7 and regions. During her return trip, she flew above Russia, Indonesia, India, and the Middle East, and landed in Belgium, Europe, after about six 8 months.
To keep 9 ,throughout the whole journey, Zara wasn't allowed to fly at night.
Zara faced great challenges, She was once forced to stay in Russia for a week 10 she waited for a good weather window, However, she never 11
Zara first flew a plane by herself when she was 18,but she was 12 getting ready for this adventure," I’ve wanted to do it for a long time, but only decided to do it inMay,2021!"
It took the teenager three full months of 13 Preparation to achieve this milestone（里程碑）.Zara reported that 14 in her family can fly a plane.
Zara is not sure yet if she'll break more records. Without doubt, we hope to seethe jaw-dropping（令人震惊的）journeys Zara will 15 complete in the future.
1A.against
B. without
C. through
D. behind
2A.education
B. license
C. position
D. address
3A.started
B. canceled
C. stopped
D. finished
4A.allow
B. remind
C. warn
D. encourage
5A.record
B. number
C. review
D. tradition
6A.met
B. left
C. fed
D. sent
7A.mountains
B. provinces
C. deserts
D. countries
8A.dear
B. long
C. silly
D. easy
9A.brave
B. clear
C. safe
D. quiet
10A.while
B. if
C. though
D. until
11A.put off
B. gave up
C. laid out
D. dropped by
12A.often
B. never
C. already
D. always
13A.careful
B. honest
C. general
D. popular
14A.nobody
B. anyone
C. someone
D. everybody
15A.comfortably
B. successfully
C. gradually
D. seriously

F短文填空
主题：巴拿马神奇蚂蚁是树木修复专家
Go surprise work pass size in friend never what until
Ants are known to be able to save their own lives. Now, a team of young researchers in Panama has found a kind of ant that can rapidly repair any damage to its host tree.
The event leading to the amazing discovery began during the height of the pandemic in 2020. To 1 the time during the lockdown, Alex Wcislo and his friends decided to shoot clay balls at the leaves of the Cecropia trees （号角树） with a slingshot（弹弓）．Things were going well 2 one of the 9 mm clay balls accidentally hit the tree trunk, leaving a hole.
Alex 3 back to examine the tree the following morning. To his 4 ,the hole had been completely patched up!
Alex and his friends wanted to find out 5 was going on. They drilled holes in the Cecropia trees and then carefully documented what followed. The young scientists found that in 14 of the 22 cases, the hard-working Azteca ants quickly got to 6 .Using material from the trees, the ants reduced the 7 of the hole in two and a half hours． In most cases， the hole was completely sealed（封住）within 24 hours．
The trees provide the ants with food and shelter. 8 return, the ants protect their leaves from herbivores（食草动物）.However，their repair skills had 9 been seen before.*
Alex said，“This project allowed us to experience first-hand all the intricacies （复杂精细） behind a scientific study. All in all, it was a great learning experience.”
Alex and his 10 published their findings in the Journal of Hymenoptera Research（《膜翅目研究杂志》）on December 30,2021．
根据短文内容，用方框中所给词的正确形式填空，使短文完整、通顺（每个词只能用次）。
1.____________ 2. ____________ 3. ____________ 4. ____________ 5. ____________
6.____________ 7. ____________ 8. ____________ 9. ____________ 10. ____________

答案解析
A阅读理解
马里兰大学医学中心的医生们将一颗特别培育的猪心脏移植到一个重病患者体内。猪的器官中含有一种特殊的化学物质，会导致人体排斥它。这一次，为了防止这种情况发生，科学家们改变了猪的DNA，这样它就不会产生这种化学物质。该手术很成功，这是前所未有的。
1．B 细节理解题。根据第三段的“Either die or do this transplant,” said Mr Bennett. “I want to live.”可知，贝内特同意进行心脏移植手术。
2．D 推理判断题。根据所在句．．．the unusual operation because without it，he would have died 可知，因为 如果没有这个手术，他可能已经死了。故it指代这个不寻常的移植手术。
3．B 主旨大意题。本段主要介绍了科学家们一直试图弄清楚如何将其他动物的器官移植到人类身上，由于人体的排异，让这种手术很难实现。
4．A 推理判断题。根据最后一段 I＇s good news that Mr Bennett's body has shown no signs of rejecting the heart. For Mr Bennett, the new surgery is a life-saver.可知，贝内特先生的身体没有表现出排斥新心脏的迹象。对贝内特先生来说，新手术是救命稻草。这说明手术很成功。
★难句分析
Scientists have tried transplanting organs from a chimpanzee or a baboon, a large African or Arabian monkey with a dog-like face, but this didn't work very well.科学家们曾尝试过从黑猩猩或狒狒身上移植器官，但效果并不好。狒狒是一种非洲或阿拉伯大猴子，长着一张像狗一样的脸。
a large African or Arabian monkey with a dog-like face是同位语，解释说明a baboon；this 指代的是transplanting organs from a chimpanzee or a baboon。
B阅读理解
2022年1月14日，汤加附近的一座海底火山喷发。该火山喷发引发了地震和海啸。火山喷出的烟雾和火山灰覆盖了汤加的大部分地区。新西兰和澳大利亚等国向汤加提供了帮助。
1．C 推理判断题。根据第一段到第四段的内容可知，本次火山喷发事件的顺序是：火山于当地时间1月14日开始喷发→发生最大规模的火山喷发→阿拉斯加的人们听到了一声巨大的“音爆”→海啸在秘鲁造成两人死亡。
2．C 细节理解题。根据倒数第二段的the smoke and ash from the volcano covered much of Tonga..That was the biggest danger which might last for a long time.可知，火山喷出的烟雾和火山灰覆盖了汤加的大部分地区，这是可能持续很长一段时间的最大危险。
3．D 主旨大意题。最后一段主要介绍了汤加得到的外部援助。新西兰和澳大利亚向汤加派出了救援队。美国和世界卫生组织也向汤加提供了帮助。
4．C 主旨大意题。通读全文可知，本文主要是关于南太平洋岛国汤加海底火山喷发的新闻报道。
★难句分析
The reports of injuries and deaths in Tonga related to the eruption couldn't be known in time because of problems with communication.因为通讯问题，汤加与 火山喷发有关的伤亡报告无法及时得知。
过去分词短语 related to the eruption 作 reports 的后置定语，相当于定语从句 which are related to the eruption。
C阅读理解
分别来自丹麦和英国的两个科学家团队提出了通过检测飘浮在空气中的DNA来识别该地区的动物的新方法。两个团队先采集微小的DNA片段，然后在实验室里通过将采集的样本与不同动物的DNA样本进行比较，来识别出许多不同的动物。这种方法对科学家有很大帮助。
1．D 细节理解题。根据文中方框中的They leave bits of DNA behind them wherever they go.DNA left behind like this is called “environmental” DNA, or eDNA.可知，生物所到之处都会留下DNA，像这样留下的DNA被称为“环境”DNA或eDNA。
2．D 细节理解题。根据倒数第二段的The two decided to combine their results and publish a paper together.可知，这两个团队决定将他们的研究结果合并起来，共同发表一篇论文。
3．B 推理判断题。根据最后一段的主题句There searchers believe the method could help scientists a lot.可推知，本段的写作目的是说明两个团队的新方法对科学家有很大帮助，是有实用价值的、有意义的。
4．C 主旨大意题。通读全文可知，本文主要介绍了两个科学家团队通过检测空气中的DNA来识别该地区的动物，故C项是最佳标题。
★难句分析
The scientists chose to test in zoos because they had rare animals not naturally found in the area.科学 家们选择在动物园进行测试，因为那里有该地区非土生土长的稀有动物。
过去分词短语 not naturally found in the area 作后置定语，修饰animals，相当于定语从句which are not naturally found in the area。
D任务型阅读
2021年12月3日，中老铁路通车。这条全长1035千米的铁路从昆明通往老挝首都万象。火车速度每小时160千米，把这两座城市之间的旅行时间缩短到大约10个小时。中老铁路是高质量“一带一路”合作的标志性项目。近年来，中国不断提升“一带一路”合作水平，实现了参与国互利共赢，为世界经济发展开辟了新空间。
1．At about 17：00． 根据第二段最后一句It can slash the travel time between the two cities to about 10 hours.可知，中老铁路将昆明和万象两座城市之间的旅行时间缩短到大约10个小时，因此从昆明7点出发的火车，经过大约10个小时，将在17：00左右到达万象。
2. Because it only had 4 kilometers of rail lines before this. 根据第三段的 The project is a huge step forward for Laos, which only had 4 kilometers of rail lines before this.可知，该项目对老挝来说是向前迈进了一大步，因为在此之前，老挝只有4千米的铁路线。
3.Yes,it is. Because it will make Laos send products quickly to and from China/Because it will make it much easier for Laos to do business with other countries./ Because it will make it far easier for Chinese tourists to visit.根据倒数第三段可知，中老铁路通车，让老挝快速地向中国运送产品和从中国发送产品，能使老挝更容易与其他国家做生意，这也将使中国游客更容易去旅游，这些都说明中老铁路对老挝有益。
4.The Laos section and the China part linking Yuxi and Mohan.／The railway from Yuxi to Vientiane.根 据倒数第二段可知，老挝段于2016年12月开工建设，玉溪至边境城镇磨憨的中国段于2015年12月开工建设，因此新路段是指老挝段及中国的玉溪至磨憨段，也就是指中国的玉溪至老挝的万象段。
5.The China-Laos Railway opens/The China-Laos Railway starts operation 通读全文可知，本文是一篇关于中老铁路通车的新闻报道，由此可确定文章的最佳标题。
★难句分析
In recent years, China has continuously improved the level of Belt and Road cooperation, achieved mutual benefits and win-win results for participating countries, and opened up new space for the development of the world economy.近年来，中国不断提升“一带一路”合作水平，实现了参与国互利共赢，为世界经济发展开辟了新的空间。
句中的 has improved，achieved和 opened up是 并列谓语，都是现在完成时，achieved和 opened up前都省略了助动词has。
E完形填空
19岁的飞行员扎拉·罗瑟福德创造了吉尼斯世界纪录，成为最年轻的独自环球飞行的女性。2021年8月18日，扎拉驾驶一架小型飞机从比利时起飞，经过长达155天的环球之旅，于2022年1月20日在比利时降落。在环球飞行中，扎拉遇到了巨大的挑战，但她从未放弃！
1．C 上文提到to fly alone around the world 故此处表示“在世界的空中旅行”，应用through。
2．B 由 got her pilot＇s并结合常识可知，此处表示扎拉于2020年获得飞行员执照。
3．A 根据文章开头的On January 20,2022，the19-year-old pilot Zara...finally ended her 155-day journey可知，2022年1月20日扎拉结束了她长达155天的环球之旅，因此此处表示扎拉是2021年8月18日开始她的环球之旅。
4．D 由上文扎拉驾驶飞机取得的成就可知，此处表示她此举是为了鼓励其他女孩驾驶飞机。
5．B 上文提到商业飞行员中只有5％是女性，这个数太低了。
6．A 根据上文 Zara also caught the eye of Richard Branson，who decided to sponsor the trip 可知，理 查德·布兰森决定赞助这次旅行。因此此处指理查德和扎拉会面。
7．D 后面的Russia，Indonesia，India，the Middle East 等都是国家或地区。故此处表示，扎拉飞越了52个国家和地区。
8．B 根据上下文 six．．．months可知，“六个月”对飞行来说是很长的时间。
9．C 根据下文 Zara wasn’t allowed to fly at night 可知，扎拉不允许在夜间飞行，这是为了安全起见。
10．A 下文 she waited for a good weather window“等 待一个好天气窗口”是一段时间，因此用while“在······期间”。
11．B 根据上文 Zara faced great challenges．可知，扎拉面临着巨大的挑战。下文However表示转折，故此处指：然而，她从未放弃。
12．D always与进行时连用，表示一直在做某事。此处表示她一直在为这个冒险之旅做准备。
13．A 根据上文 three full months可知，为完成这一里程碑飞行，这名少女花了整整三个月来精心准备。
14．D 根据第二段的The British-Belgian teenager， who comes from a family of pilots 可知，扎拉来自一个飞行员家庭，故此处表示她家里每个人都会开飞机。
15．B 根据 Without doubt，we hope可知，我们希望的内容是积极美好的祝愿，故此处表示“我们希望看到扎拉在未来成功完成令人震惊的旅程”。
★难句分析
Zara also caught the eye of Richard Branson, who decided to sponsor the trip through his company the Virgin Group.扎拉也引起了理查德·布兰森的注意，他决定通过他的公司维珍集团赞助这次旅行。
who引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词Richard Branson；catch sb＇s eye“吸引某人的注意”，是固定词组，注意eye用单数，也可以说 catch sb＇s attention。
F短文填空
巴拿马的几个小科学家发现“阿兹特克蚂蚁”可以迅速修复它的寄主树受到的任何损伤。亚历克斯和他的朋友们于2021年12月30日在《膜翅目研究杂志》上发表了他们的发现。
1．pass 由下文亚历克斯和朋友用弹弓向树叶发射黏土球可知，他们是为了打发时间。pass the time“打发时间”。
2．until 该句表示“一切都很顺利，直到其中一个9毫米的黏土球意外击中树干，留下一个洞”。until“直到”。3．went 根据空格后的back 及 the following morning 可知，此处表示“第二天早上，亚历克斯回来查看那棵树”。go back“返回”。
4．surprise 根据下文 the hole had been completely patched up可知，那个洞已经被完全补好了！这是令人吃惊的。
5．what 根据下文介绍，他们在号角树上钻洞，然后仔细记录接下来发生的事情。这是因为他们想知道会发生什么事，用what引导宾语从句。
6．work 根据下文 Using material from the trees．．．the hole was completely sealed within 24 hours 可知， 此处表示蚂蚁迅速开始行动。
7．size 根据语境可知，此处指蚂蚁在修复洞，故此处表示蚂蚁缩小了洞的大小。
8．In 上文提到“树为蚂蚁提供食物和住所”，下文提及“蚂蚁保护它们的叶子不受食草动物的伤害”，这是蚂蚁的回报。
9.never根据第二段的 the amazing discovery 可知，蚂蚁能修复树木，这是惊人的发现；因此此处指蚂蚁的修复技术以前从未被看到。
10．friends 根据第一段的 a team of young researchers in Panama 和第四段的 Alex and his friends wanted to find out可知，此处指亚历克斯和他的朋友们。
★难句分析
However, their repair skills had never been seen before.
had been seen是过去完成时的被动语态；过去完成时表示过去某一时间前就已经发生或完成了的动作，对过去的某一点造成的某种影响或结果。