02-冲刺2022年中考英语首字母填空临考押题（上海专用）

冲刺2022年中考英语首字母填空临考押题(上海专用)02

（一）

Sleeping with a light on can harm our health

Everyone knows that good sleep is important for our health. Not everyone knows how important it is to sleep in the dark. A new r_____1_____ says sleeping with the light on could be b_____2_____ for our health.

Researchers say turning off the light when we sleep helps to keep away diabetes(糖尿病) and heart disease. Sleeping with the light on could i_____3_____ the risk of getting these diseases. The researchers said around 40 percent of people sleep with some sort of artificial(人造的，非自然的) light. They said even light from a television or alarm clock could a_____4_____ our health.

They added that the worst thing to sleep with is a main light. Sleeping in the dark is more difficult for people who live in cities, where there is a lot of outdoor light at night.

The researchers are from the Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine in Chicago, USA. The lead researcher, Dr Phyllis Zee, is an expert in sleep medicine. She said it is h_____5_____ for us to turn off all lights when we sleep.

Her team conducted a study of the blood sugar levels of 20 people after nights of sleep. The people who slept with a light on had higher blood sugar levels the next morning compared to those who slept in total darkness. Dr Zee said this is because light stimulates(刺激) brain activity, which r_____6_____ blood sugar levels.

She said there are three things we can do to reduce the risk of illness: turn off the lights, n_____7_____ sleep with white or blue light; and use a blackout curtain or wear an eye mask.

答案：

1.report 2.bad 3.increase 4.affect 5.healthier 6.raises 7.never

译文：

睡觉时光亮会损害我们的健康

每个人都知道，好的睡眠对我们的健康很重要。并不是每个人都知道睡在黑暗中有多重要。一份新的报告说，亮着灯睡觉可能对我们的健康有害。

研究人员说，在睡眠时关灯有助于远离糖尿病和心脏病。开着灯睡觉可能会增加患这些疾病的风险。研究人员说，大约40%的人使用某种人工光睡觉。他们说，即使是电视或闹钟发出的光线也会影响我们的健康。

他们补充说，最糟糕的睡觉方式是一盏主灯。对于生活在城市的人来说，在黑暗中睡觉更困难，那里晚上有很多户外光线。

这些研究人员来自位于美国芝加哥的西北大学范伯格医学院。首席研究员菲利斯·齐博士是睡眠医学方面的专家。她说，我们睡觉时关灯更健康。

她的团队对20人在夜间睡眠后的血糖水平进行了一项研究。与完全黑暗的人相比，第二天早上开灯的人血糖水平更高。齐博士说，这是因为光会刺激的大脑活动，从而提高血糖水平。

她说，我们可以做三件事来减少患疾病的风险：关灯，永远不要在白光或蓝光下睡觉；并使用遮光窗帘或戴眼罩。

（二）

It’s Time To Start Thinking About The Metaverse(元宇宙)

Have you ever imagined going inside of a video game? That dream may soon become real. It’s called the “metaverse”.

The metaverse is a shared virtual(虚拟的) 3D world, or worlds. The word is a combination(结合) of “meta”, which means beyond, and “verse”, which refers to “universe”. The word f_____1_____ appeared in a 1992 science fiction book called Snow Crash. In this story, people wear virtual reality(VR) headsets to see and j_____2_____ the metaverse.

Now, what happens in the book is becoming a reality. Wearing a VR headset, you can meet other people wherever they are. You can work and play with them. It will feel real because the technology can simulate(模拟) our senses: vision(视觉), hearing, touch, and even s_____3_____.

“We’re talking about creating another reality, another world, that’s as rich as the real world,” said Rev Lebaredian, vice president of simulation technology at NVIDIA, a US tech company.

So, what can you do inside of the metaverse? Your l_____4_____ will no longer matter, says VOA News. In the metaverse, “people would be connected at all times.” You can meet friends from other countries and go on a virtual beach vacation together. But forget Thailand – you can go to the beach on the moon, or a_____5_____ else you can imagine. Can’t find a friend to play basketball? Jump into the metaverse and find some friends to play with or go to a concert!

Cathy Hackl, an expert in metaverse technology, said her son’s first concert was inside of a video game. “Just because it happened in [a video game], it didn’t make it l_____6_____real for him,” she said.

Perhaps the metaverse will c_____7_____ our idea of what is real.

答案：

1.first 2.join 3.smell 4.location 5.anywhere 6.less 7.change

译文：

是时候开始考虑元宇宙了！

你有没有想过去玩电子游戏？这个梦想可能很快就会变成现实。它被称为“元宇宙”。

元世界是一个共享的虚拟3D世界。这个词是“meta”和“verse”的组合，“meta”意思是超越，“verse”意思是“宇宙”。这个词最早出现在1992年的一本科幻小说《雪崩》中。在这个故事中，人们戴着虚拟现实(VR)头盔去观看并加入元世界。

现在，书中发生的事情正在成为现实。戴着虚拟现实头盔，你可以见到他们。你可以和他们一起工作和玩。它会感觉很真实，因为该技术可以模拟我们的感官：视觉、听觉、触觉，甚至嗅觉。

美国科技公司NVIDIA的模拟技术副总裁雷巴雷迪安说：“我们正在谈论创造另一个现实，另一个世界，和现实世界一样丰富。”

那么，你能在元宇宙中做些什么呢？美国之音新闻称，你的地理位置将不再重要。在元宇宙中，“人们会随时保持联系”你可以见到来自其他国家的朋友，一起去一个虚拟的海滩度假。但是忘掉泰国吧——你可以去月球上的海滩，或者其他任何你能想象到的地方。你找不到一个朋友来打篮球吗？跳到元宇宙，找到一些朋友一起玩或去参加一个音乐会！

元宇宙技术专家凯茜·哈克尔说，她儿子的第一场音乐会是在一个电子游戏中举行的。她说：“仅仅因为这发生在电子游戏中，并没有让他不那么真实。”

也许元宇宙会改变我们对真实事物的看法。

（三）

Celebrate our Giant Panda 50th Anniversary

March 16 is National Panda Day in the United States. This year, the Smithsonian’s National Zoo in Washington, DC, used the day to celebrate the 50th anniversary of the first two giant pandas coming into its care. The celebration will l_____1_____ six months.

In 1972, the US president Richard Nixon and his wife, Pat, made a historic visit to China. On her second day in the country, Pat went to the Beijing Zoo to see pandas. At a dinner before they left China, Premier Zhou Enlai told Pat that China would present the US with two pandas, which made her s_____2_____ and happy.

The pandas, Ling Ling and Hsing Hsing a_____3_____ at the National Zoo on April 16, 1972. They lived there for more than 20 years, before passing away in the 1990s.

A new panda couple, Mei Xiang and Tian Tian, reached the zoo in 2000. They still live at the zoo with their cub(幼崽), Xiao Qi Ji(“Little Miracle”). The couple’s other three cubs, Tai Shan, Bao Bao and Bei Bei were returned to China.

“After 50 years, giant pandas remain an iconic(标志性的) species for our zoo,” said Brandie Smith, director of the national zoo. “More importantly, they s_____4_____ how great conservation(保护) outcomes can be achieved through great partnerships with our Chinese colleagues(同事).”

U_____5_____, Smith and her coworkers visit their Chinese partners several times a year to share knowledge about pandas. Chinese experts also go to the US. During the pandemic, they have communicated through emails and video calls. Smith said it has been “as good as it always is” as they have had a good r_____6_____ for many years. She said she hopes the program will continue at least 50 more years.

The pandas have been seen by m_____7_____ of US people. Brooklyn, a 3-year-old girl, told China Daily that she wanted “more panda mommies and panda babies” to come to the zoo.  

答案：

1.last 2.surprised 3.arrived 4.show 5.Usually 6.relationship 7.millions

译文：

欢庆大熊猫入住50周年！

3月16日是美国的国家熊猫日。今年，位于华盛顿特区的史密森尼国家动物园利用这一天来庆祝了前两只大熊猫出生50周年。这次庆祝活动将持续六个月。

1972年，当时的美国总统理查德·尼克松和他的妻子帕特对中国进行了一次历史性的访问。在乡下的第二天，帕特去了北京动物园看熊猫。在他们离开中国之前的一次晚宴上，周恩来总理告诉帕特，中国将向美国赠送两只熊猫，这让她感到惊讶和高兴。

1972年4月16日，熊猫玲玲和兴兴抵达国家动物园。他们在那里生活了20多年，直到20世纪90年代去世。

2000年，一对新来的熊猫夫妇美翔和甜甜来到了这个动物园。它们仍然和他们的幼崽“小奇迹”住在动物园里。这对夫妇的另外三只幼崽，泰山、宝宝和北贝都被送回了中国。

“50年后，大熊猫仍然是我们动物园的标志性物种，”国家动物园的馆长布兰迪·史密斯说。“更重要的是，它们展示了通过与我们的中国同事的良好伙伴关系，可以实现伟大的保护成果。”

通常，史密斯和她的同事每年都会去拜访他们的中国伴侣几次，分享有关熊猫的知识。中国的专家也去了美国。在流感大流行期间，他们通过电子邮件和视频电话进行了沟通。史密斯说，这一切“和往常一样好”，因为他们多年来的关系一直很好。她说，她希望这个项目能至少持续50年。

数以千万的美国人都看到了这些大熊猫。布鲁克林，一个3岁的女孩，告诉《中国日报》，她想要“更多的熊猫妈妈和熊猫宝宝”来动物园。

（四）

Every now and then you may see news of satellites(卫星) sent into space. On Feb 21, for example, US company SpaceX took 46 satellites into orbit(轨道). On Feb 27, China sent 22 satellites into space. W_____1_____ do we need so many satellites? What do they do out there?

At present, there are more than 3,000 active satellites moving a_____2_____ the Earth, according to Statista, a German company working on market data. Satellites do all kinds of work, from transmitting(传送) TV signals to giving you directions on the road to helping scientists do research.

For example, the 22 satellites China just sent up are part of the Beidou Navigation Satellite System(北斗卫星导航系统). Shared bikes that use BeiDou chips(芯片) can have more accurate(精准的) positioning, making them easier to find. Drones(无人机) can also use BeiDou to fly.

Before satellites, TV signals didn’t go very far. Mountains or tall buildings would block(阻碍) them. Phone calls to faraway places were also a p_____3_____. Setting up telephone wires(线) over long distances(距离) is difficult. With satellites, TV signals and phone calls can be sent d_____4_____ to a satellite and back down to different locations on Earth. SpaceX’s Starlink project is trying to go further. It plans to use satellites to provide internet in the future.

Satellites can also p_____5_____ information about clouds, oceans, land and ice. They help scientists predict changes in weather and climate. By monitoring(监测) wildfires and volcanoes, satellites help emergency workers(应急人员) deal with natural disasters. Farmers can use satellite images to d_____6_____ the best time to water their fields.

Some satellites fly near other planets. They may look for water on Mars or take close-up pictures of Saturn’s rings(土星环). In 2020, video website Bilibili sent a satellite into space. Its j_____7_____ is to look at other planets and share the pictures and videos with Bilibili’s users.

答案：

1.Why 2.around 3.problem 4.directly 5.provide 6.decide 7.job

译文：

你偶尔也会看到卫星被送入太空的消息。例如，2月21日，美国SpaceX公司将46颗卫星送入轨道。2月27日，中国向太空发射了22颗卫星。为什么我们需要这么多的卫星？他们在那里做什么？

据研究市场数据的德国公司斯塔蒂斯塔称，目前，有3000多颗活动卫星在地球周围移动。卫星可以做各种各样的工作，从传输电视信号，到在路上给你指明方向，再到帮助科学家做研究。

例如，中国刚刚发射的22颗卫星是北斗卫星导航系统(北斗卫星导航系统)的一部分。使用北斗芯片的共享自行车可以更精确定位，使它们更容易找到。无人机也可以利用北斗系统进行飞行。

在卫星出现之前，电视信号并没有走得很远。山脉或高楼大厦会阻挡它们。打电话到遥远的地方也是个问题。设置长途电话线比较困难。有了卫星，电视信号和电话可以直接发送到卫星，然后返回到地球上的不同位置。SpaceX的星链项目正试图更进一步。它计划在未来利用卫星提供互联网。

卫星还可以提供有关云、海洋、陆地和冰的信息。它们帮助科学家预测天气和气候的变化。通过监测野火和火山，卫星帮助应急工作人员应对自然灾害。农民们可以利用卫星图像来决定给农田浇水的最佳时间。

一些卫星会靠近其他行星飞行。他们可能会在火星上寻找水，或者拍摄土星环的特写照片。2020年，视频网站比利比利向太空发射了一颗卫星。它的工作是观察其他行星，并与哔哩哔哩的用户分享这些图片和视频。

（五）

Doctors in the USA have transplanted(移植) a pig's heart into a man. It is the f_____1_____ time this has happened. The doctors are from the University of Maryland Medical Center. They say David Bennett, 57, is doing well after his operation. Mr Bennett was very ill. The doctors said giving him the pig's heart was the only c_____2_____ of keeping him alive.

Bennett spoke to doctors the day before the operation. He said: "It was e_____3_____ death or doing this transplant. I want to live. I know it's a shot in the dark, but it's my last choice."

The pig's heart came from a genetically-modified (转基因) pig. Scientists c_____4_____ the genes of the pig so its heart would be more suitable for a transplant into a human.

The transplant operation took seven hours. Doctors received special permission(允许) from U.S. authorities(当局) for the experimental surgery(外科手术). W_____5_____ it, Mr Bennett would have died.

Scientists have been researching pig-organ(猪器官) transplants for years. They believe Mr Bennett's transplant means more transplants could take place in the future. They said this could bring the world one step closer to s_____6_____ the organ shortage crisis(危机).

Surgeon Dr Bartley Griffith said: "We are also optimistic(乐观的) that this first-in-the-world surgery will provide an important n_____7_____ option for patients in the future." Mr Bennett hopes his transplant will allow him to live longer. He said: "I look forward to getting out of bed after I recover."

答案：

1.first 2.chance 3.either 4.changed 5.Without 6.solving 7.new

译文：

美国的医生已经将猪的心脏移植到的人体内。这是第一次发生这种情况。这些医生来自马里兰大学医学中心。他们说，57岁的大卫·班尼特在手术后情况很好。班尼特先生病得很重。医生说，给他猪的心脏是让他活着的唯一机会。

班尼特在手术前一天和医生谈了谈。他说：“要么死，要么做这个移植。我想活下去。我知道这是一个在黑暗中的一丝光明，但这是我最后的选择。”

这种猪的心脏来自于一种转基因猪。科学家改变了猪的基因，使它的心脏更适合移植到人类体内。

移植手术花了7个小时。医生们的实验性手术获得了美国当局的特别许可。如果没有它，贝内特先生就会去世。

多年来，科学家们一直在研究猪器官的移植。他们认为，贝内特先生的移植手术意味着未来可能会进行更多尝试。他们表示，这可能会让世界“离解决器官短缺危机又前进了一步”。

外科医生巴特利·格里菲斯医生说：“我们也很乐观，这是世界上第一次进行的(这类)手术，它将为未来的患者提供一个重要的新选择。”贝内特先生希望他的移植手术能让他活得更久。他说：“我期待着康复后能起床”。

（六）

About 4.3 million Americans quit their job for another this January. The n_____1_____ reached 4.5 million last November. Before COVID-19, that figure averaged at fewer than 3 million quits per month. But is epidemic(疫情) the No. 1 reason they’re quitting? It’s the same old story.

Workers say low pay and a lack of chances for advancement are the b_____2_____ reason why they quit their jobs last year, followed by feeling disrespected at work, according to a survey of more than 9,000 people by the Pew Research Center, a think tank based in Washington, D.C.

"Half say child-care issues were a reason they quit a job,” Pew said. “A similar percentage points to a lack of flexibility to choose when they put in their hours or not having good benefits such as h_____3_____ insurance and paid time off.”

People are forced to work more hours for better income with the new inflation. Meanwhile, credit-card debt(信用卡债务) and interest rates are on the rise, and two years of an uncertain and unsteady(不稳定的) work environment has c_____4_____ many of people’s savings.

The good news: More than half of workers who switched jobs say that they’re now earning more money (56%), have more o_____5_____ for advancement, have an easier time balancing work and family responsibilities, and have more flexibility to choose when they put in their work hours, Pew said.

H_____6_____, when asked whether their reasons for quitting a job were related to COVID-19, over 30% of those in the Pew survey said yes. “Those without a four-year college degree (本科学历) are m_____7_____ likely than those with a bachelor’s degree(学士学位) or more education to say the epidemic played a role in their decision,” it added.

答案：

1.number 2.biggest 3.health 4.cost 5.opportunities 6.However 7.more

译文：

今年1月份约430万美国人跳槽，去年11月离职人数达到了450万的高峰。在新冠疫情暴发前，美国每月平均离职人数不到300万。然而疫情是美国人离职的头号原因吗？其实人们的离职原因还和以前一样。

总部在华盛顿特区的智库皮尤研究中心开展了一项涵盖9000多人的调查，结果发现美国人去年离职的头号原因是薪酬低以及缺乏晋升机会，其次是在职场中感觉不受尊重。

皮尤研究中心指出：“约半数表示，无人照料孩子是自己离职的原因之一。还有相近比例的受访者表示离职是因为缺乏弹性工作时间或没有医保、带薪休假等福利。”

随着新的通货膨胀，人们被迫增加工作时间和寻求更高的收入。与此同时，信用卡债务和利率节节攀升，长达两年不确定又不稳定的工作环境也让人们花掉了许多积蓄。

不过，皮尤研究中心也带来了好消息：超半数跳槽的员工表示，他们现在薪水增加了，有更多升职机会，能更好地平衡工作和家庭责任，工作时间也更有弹性了。

但是，在皮尤问及离职原因是否与新冠疫情有关时，超30%的受访者给出了肯定的答案。皮尤调查报告补充道：“那些没有大学四年本科学历的人比那些拥有本科以上学历的人更倾向于认为疫情和自己离职的决定有关。”