17-冲刺2022年中考英语首字母填空临考押题(上海专用)

这是一份17-冲刺2022年中考英语首字母填空临考押题(上海专用)，共11页。试卷主要包含了prefer 2等内容，欢迎下载使用。

Mst musicians agree that the best vilins were first made in Italy. They were made in Cremna, Italy, abut 200 years ag. These vilins sund better than any thers. They even sund better than vilins made tday. Vilin makers and scientists try t make instruments like the ld Italian vilins. But they aren’t the same. Musicians still p_____1_____ the ld nes. N ne really knws why these ld Italian vilins are s special, but many peple think they have an answer.
Sme peple think it is the age f the vilins. They say that tday’s vilins will als sund wnderful smeday. But there is a prblem here. Nt all ld vilins sund wnderful. Only thse frm Cremna are special. S age cannt be the answer. There must be smething different abut Cremna r thse Italian vilin makers.
Other peple think the secret t thse vilins in the wd. The wd f the vilin is very imprtant. It m_____2_____ be frm certain kinds f trees. It must nt be t yung r t ld. Perhaps the vilin makers f Cremna knew smething special shut wd fr vilins.
But the kind f wd may nt be s imprtant. It may be mre imprtant t cut the wd in a special w_____3_____. Wd fr a vilin must be cut very carefully. It has t be the r_____4_____ size and shape. The smallest difference will change the sund f the vilin. Musicians smetimes think that this was the secret f the Italians. Maybe they understd mre than we d abut hw t cut the wd.
Size and shape may nt be the answer e_____5_____. Scientists measured these ld vilins very carefully. They can make new nes that are exactly the same size and shape. But the new vilins still d nt sund as gd as the ld ne. Sme scientists think the secret may be the varnish(清漆), which cvers the wd f the vilin and makes it lk shiny. It als h_____6_____ the sund f the instrument. N ne knws what the Italian vilin makers used in their varnish. S n ne can make the same varnish tday.
There may never be ther vilins like the vilins f Cremna. Their secret may be lst f_____7_____. Yung musicians tday hpe: this is nt true. They need fine vilins. But there aren’t very many f the ld vilins left. Als, the ld vilins are very expensive. Recently, a famus ld Italian vilin was sld fr abut US $300, 000!
答案：
1.prefer 2.must 3.way 4.right 5.either 6.helps 7.frever
译文：
大多数音乐家都同意，最好的小提琴首先是在意大利制作的。它们是大约200年前在意大利的克雷莫纳制造的。这些小提琴听起来比其他任何小提琴都好。它们听起来甚至比今天制作的小提琴更好。小提琴制造者和科学家试图制造像老式意大利小提琴这样的乐器。但他们不是原来的音乐家，仍然更喜欢老的。没有人真正知道为什么这些古老的意大利小提琴如此特别，但很多人认为它们有答案。 有些人认为这是小提琴的时代。他们说，今天的小提琴有一天也会听起来很棒。但这里有一个问题。并不是所有的旧小提琴听起来都很美妙。只有那些来自克雷莫纳的人才是特别的。所以年龄不能是答案。克雷莫纳和那些意大利的小提琴制造者一定有些不同。
其他人则认为树林里那些小提琴的秘密。小提琴的木材是非常重要的。它一定是来自某些种类的树。它决不能太年轻或太老。也许克雷莫纳的小提琴制造者知道一些特殊的关于小提琴的声音。
但木材的种类可能就不那么重要了。也许更重要的是以一种特殊的方式切割木材。小提琴的木材必须非常小心。它必须是正确的大小和形状。最小的差别就会改变小提琴的声音。音乐家们有时会认为这是意大利人的秘密。也许他们比我们更了解如何砍木头。
大小和形状可能也不是答案。科学家们非常仔细地测量了这些旧小提琴。他们可以制造出完全相同的大小和形状的新产品。但是新发行的小提琴听起来仍然不如旧发行的小提琴好。一些科学家认为，秘密可能是清漆，它覆盖了小提琴的木头，使它看起来有光泽。它也有助于发出乐器的声音。没有人知道意大利小提琴制造商在他们的清漆中使用了什么。所以今天没有人能做出同样的清漆。
可能从来没有其他的小提琴，像克雷莫纳的小提琴。他们的秘密可能会永远消失。今天的年轻音乐家们希望：这不是真的。他们需要精致的小提琴。但是剩下的旧小提琴已经不多了。而且，旧的小提琴非常贵。最近，一把著名的意大利旧小提琴以大约30万美元的价格售出！
（二）
Cmmunicatin is imprtant fr strng family relatinships. Hwever, if yu dn’t truly listen t thers, it can be difficult t cmmunicate. Wrking n the fllwing listening s_____1_____ can help yu cmmunicate better.
Listening Actively
Fcus n the speaker’s wrds and nt what yu’ll say next. When listening t a family member, pay attentin t what’s being said. When talking t smene, pay attentin t the speaker and his thughts, yu can think f hw yu will reply later.
Make sure the speaker has finished talking befre yu talk. Instead f starting yur reply at nce, a cuple f s_____2_____ f silence is nt a bad thing.
Cmmunicating Effectively
Retell what has been said. Try t briefly cnclude what yu have heard when the speaker finishes. It will really s_____3_____ yu’re listening and allw yu and yur family t cmmunicate better.
Reflect(思考, 回顾) n what’s been said. After talking, reflect briefly n the subject. Try t wrk ut nt just what’s being said, but als why it is imprtant.
A_____4_____ that yu dn’t always have t slve smene’s prblems.
Aviding Negative H_____5_____
D nt cut in n thers. Interrupting(打断) can break effective cnversatin. D nt start talking until the ther persn has finished.
Stp frm ffering advice. U_____6_____ yu are asked, d nt ffer advice. Offering advice can make it seem like yu’re nt really listening but t hear what yu want.
D nt change the subject early. Never change the subject befre the speaker has gt their wrds ut, even if a subject makes yu bred.
Avid hurrying the speaker. N_____7_____ say wrds like, “Can yu get t the pint?” This will make it seem like yu’re nt interested in the cnversatin.
答案：
1.skills 2.secnds 3.shw 4.Accept 5.Habits 6.Unless 7.Never
译文：
沟通对于牢固的家庭关系很重要。然而，如果你不真正倾听别人的意见，就可能很难沟通。学习以下的倾听技巧可以帮助你更好地沟通。
积极倾听
专注于说话者的话，而不是你接下来要说什么。当听家人的话时，注意要说什么。当你和某人交谈时，注意说话者和他的想法，你可以想到你以后会如何回答。
说话前确保说话者已经讲完了。几秒钟的沉默不是一件坏事，而是马上开始回复。
有效沟通
重述别人所说的。试着在演讲者结束时简要地总结一下你所听到的内容。它将真正显示你在倾听，并让你和你的家人更好地交流。
反思一下所说的话。谈完之后，简单地思考一下这个问题。不仅要弄清楚他们说了什么，还要弄清楚为什么这很重要。
接受你并不总是需要解决某人的问题。
避免负性习惯
不要干涉别人。中断可以破坏有效的对话。在对方结束之前不要开始说话。 停止提供建议。除非有人问你，否则不要提供建议。提供建议可以让你看起来不是在倾听，而是听到你想要什么。
不要尽早改变主题。在演讲者开口说话之前，永远不要改变主题，即使一个主题会让你感到无聊。
避免催促说话的人。永远不要说这样的话：“你能说到重点吗？”这会让你觉得你对对话不感兴趣。
（三）
Lve n the Phne Line
Mst f us want t knw what we mean t thse wh mean everything t us, but hw d we knw if we dn’t tell each ther? I want t s_____1_____ an experience f mine t tell yu when yu really lve smene, tell them directly.
When I was grwing up, I never heard the wrds “I lve yu” frm my father. If yur father never says them t yu when yu are a child, it gets mre and mre difficult fr him t say thse wrds as yu get _____2_____ In fact, I never said thse wrds t him, either.
A few years ag, I decided t make the first mve. After sme thught, I called my father n the phne and said: "Dad, I lve yu!" There was a mment f s_____3_____ at the ther end f the line. “Well, same back at yu!" he replied quietly.
“Dad, I knw yu lve me. When yu’re ready, yu’ll say it, t_____4_____,” I said with a smile. Then I hang up the phne. But fifteen minutes later, my mther called and asked if everything was “OK”，She seemed n_____5_____. “Yur father seems t have smething t say after answering yur call”. I didn’t tell my mther abut the call. I just tld her it was a s_____6_____ between us.
A few weeks later, Dad called and ended ur phne cnversatin with the wrds: “Sn, I lve yu,” I was at wrk during this cnversatin and tears came t my eyes as I finally “heard” the lve. This special mment tk ur father-sn relatinship t a new level. L_____7_____, we gt used t saying “I lve yu” t each ther.
I think if I had nt taken the first step, I wuld have never heard the lve frm my father.
答案：
1.share 2.lder 3.silence 4.t 5.nervus 6.secret 7.Later
译文：
电话线上的爱
我们大多数人都想知道我们对那些对我们都重要的人意味着什么，但我们怎么知道如果我们不告诉对方呢？我想分享我的经历，告诉你什么时候你真的爱一个人，直接告诉他们。
在我成长的过程中，我从来没有听过我父亲说的“我爱你”。如果你的父亲在你小时候的时候从来没有对你说过，随着你年龄的增长，他说这些话会越来越困难。事实上，我也从来没有对他说过这些话。
几年前，我决定迈出第一步。想了一会儿，我给父亲打了电话说：“爸爸，爱你！”在队伍的另一端，人们沉默了片刻。“好吧，你也一样吧！”他平静地回答道。
“爸爸，我知道你爱我。等你准备好了，你也会说的。”我微笑着说。然后我挂断了电话。但15分钟后，妈妈打电话问一切是否“好”，她似乎很紧张。“你父亲接完你的电话后，似乎有话要说。”我没有告诉我妈妈这个电话。我只是告诉她这是我们之间的秘密。
几周后，爸爸打电话给我们，结束了我们的电话交谈，他说：“儿子，我爱你。”我正在工作，当我终于“听到”了爱时，我流满了眼泪。这个特殊的时刻把我们的父子关系提升到了一个新的水平。后来，我们习惯了互相说“我爱你”。
我想，如果我没有迈出第一步，我就永远不会听到我父亲的爱。
（四）
Tw new studies suggest that mdern running shes culd increase the risk f injuries(损伤) t runners.
One study invlved sixty-eight healthy yung wmen and men wh ran at least twenty-fur kilmeters a week. The runners were watched n a running machine. Smetimes they wre running shes. Other times they ran bareft(赤脚).
Researchers frm the University f Virginia and the University f Clrad did the study. They fund that running shes create m_____1_____ stress that culd hurt knees, hips and ankle jints than running bareft. They watched that the effect was even greater than the effect reprted earlier fr walking in high heels(高跟鞋). The study appeared in an fficial scientific magazine.
The ther study a_____2_____ in the jurnal Nature. It cmpared runners in the United States and Kenya. The researchers were frm Harvard University, Mi University in Kenya and the University f Glasgw. They divided the runners int three grups. One grup had always run sheless. Anther grup had always run with shes. And the third grup had changed t sheless running.
Runners wh wear shes u_____3_____ cme dwn heel first. That puts great frce n the back f the ft. But the study fund that bareft runners generally land n the frnt r middle f their ft. That way they feel relaxed when landing and a_____4_____ hitting their heel hard.
Harvard’s Daniel Lieberman led the study. He says the way mst running shes are designed may explain why thse wh wear them land n their heels. The heel f the she is bigger and heavier than ther parts f the she, s it wuld seem mre l_____5_____ t cme dwn first. Als, the heel generally has thick material under it t sften landings.
But the researchers d nt suggest that runners i_____6_____ start running bareft. They say it takes sme training. And there can be risks, like running when yur feet are t cld t feel if yu get injured.
The study was partly supprted by Vibram, which makes a kind f ftwear that it says is like running bareft. The findings have gtten a lt f attentin. But the researchers say there are many p_____7_____. S they have tried t explain their findings n a Harvard Website.
答案：
1.mre 2.appeared 3.usually 4.avid 5.likely 6.immediately 7.prblems
译文：
两项新的研究表明，现代跑鞋可能会增加跑步者受伤的风险。
一项研究涉及68名健康的年轻女性和男性，他们每周至少跑24公里。跑步者在一台跑步机器上被观看。有时他们会穿跑鞋。其他时候，他们会赤脚跑步。
来自弗吉尼亚大学和科罗拉多大学的研究人员进行了这项研究。他们发现，跑鞋比赤脚跑步造成的压力更大，可能会伤害膝盖、臀部和踝关节。他们观察到，其效果甚至比之前报道的穿高跟鞋走路的效果更大。这项研究发表在一本官方的科学杂志上。
另一项研究发表在《自然》杂志上。它比较了美国和肯尼亚的跑步者。这些研究人员来自哈佛大学、肯尼亚的莫伊大学和格拉斯哥大学。他们把跑步者分成三组。有一群人总是没鞋跑。另一组人总是穿着鞋跑。第三组已经变成了无鞋跑步。
穿鞋的跑步者通常会先脚后跟着地。这对他的脚的背部施加很大的力量。但研究发现，赤脚跑步者通常会降落在脚的前部或中部。这样，它们在着陆时感到放松，避免撞到脚跟。
哈佛大学的丹尼尔·利伯曼领导了这项研究。他说，大多数跑鞋的设计方式或许可以解释为什么那些穿它们的人会脚后跟着地。鞋的鞋跟比鞋的其他部分更大更重，所以看起来更有可能先下来。此外，鞋跟通常有厚的材料，以软化着陆。
但研究人员并不建议跑步者立即开始赤脚跑步。他们说这需要一些训练。也有风险，比如当你的脚太冷而感觉不到受伤时跑步。
这项研究部分得到了Vibram的支持，该公司生产一种像赤脚跑步的鞋。这些发现引起了很多关注。但研究人员表示，目前存在很多问题。所以他们试图在哈佛大学的一个网站上解释他们的发现。
（五）
Peple can reduce, reuse, r recycle waste instead f thrwing it away. Matt and Sam decided t d an experiment. They wanted t see e_____1_____ hw much waste the three R's culd save.
First, they cllected the rubbish frm six classrms at their schl. They d_____2_____ the rubbish int three grups:
things that were reusable, such as a pencil r a marker that had been thrwn away
things that culd be recycled, such as cans, glass, r paper
things that were t_____3_____ waste
Then, Matt and Sam weighed each f the three grups. They learned that 84% f the ttal rubbish thrwn away that day culd be recycled r reused. They decided t d smething abut it.
Matt and Sam presented the idea f starting a recycling prgramme t the schl leaders. Then they wrked with the Student Cuncil. They p_____4_____ brchures t send hme t tell the students and their families abut recycling. They stated in the brchure that recycling helps t k_____5_____ ur planet healthy. The schl bught clred cntainers fr each classrm. Each rm received a blue cntainer fr paper and a green cntainer fr glass and cans. They als received a red cntainer fr real rubbish.
Within a shrt time, each classrm in the schl was srting recyclable materials frm rubbish befre it was thrwn. Matt and Sam decided t weigh the rubbish ne mre time. They wanted t check the schl's p_____6_____. They cllected the rubbish frm the red cntainers frm the same six classrms as befre. They srted the rubbish int three grups again and weighed each grup. This time, they were pleased t find that the red cntainers were filled with 90% waste that shuld be thrwn away. Only 10% f recyclable materials had been thrwn int the red cntainers. Matt and Sam were pleased with their schl's e_____7_____ at reducing waste n ur planet.
答案：
1.exactly 2.divided 3.truly 4.prepared 5.keep 6.prgress 7.effrt
译文：
人们可以减少、再利用或回收废物，而不是扔掉它。马特和山姆决定做个实验。他们想看看这三个R到底能节省多少浪费。
首先，他们从学校的六个教室里收集垃圾。他们把这些垃圾分成了三组：
可重复使用的东西，比如铅笔或被扔掉的记号笔
可以回收的东西，如罐子、玻璃或纸
那些真正被浪费掉的东西
然后，马特和山姆分别称量了这三组人的体重。他们了解到，当天扔掉的垃圾中有84%可以回收或重复利用。他们决定为此做点什么。
马特和山姆向学校领导提出了启动回收计划的想法。然后他们与学生会合作。他们准备了小册子，送回家告诉学生和他们的家人回收利用。他们在小册子上指出，回收利用有助于保持我们的地球健康。学校为每个教室购买了彩色的容器。每个房间都有一个蓝色的容器装纸，还有一个绿色的容器装玻璃和罐子。他们还收到了一个存放真正垃圾的红色容器。
在很短的时间内，学校的每个教室都在从垃圾中分类可回收的材料。马特和山姆决定再称一次垃圾。他们想检查一下学校的进步。他们和以前一样，从同一个六间教室的红色容器里收集垃圾。他们又把垃圾分成三组，每组称重。这一次，他们很高兴地发现，红色的容器里装满了90%的垃圾，应该被扔掉。只有10%的可回收材料被扔进了红色的容器里。马特和山姆对他们的学校为减少我们星球上的浪费的努力感到高兴。
（六）
One f the mst imprtant life skills is self-discipline(自律). It helps us d_____1_____ healthy lifestyle habits.
Everyne feels gd when they knw that they are ding gd things. Prbably ne f the biggest p_____2_____ with self-discipline is the wrd "discipline". Discipline really des nt have t be painful r difficult. Yu can start by taking small actins and nly ne at a time u_____3_____ it becmes smething that really makes yu feel gd when yu are ding it. Let us say that yu want t lse a little weight r get in better shape. Yu d nt have t sign up at the gym and begin a 5-day a week prgram. What abut walking arund yur cmmunity nce a day fr a week, and then increasing it t tw times a day fr tw weeks?
It really starts with finding yur mtivatin(动力). Why d yu want t lse weight r get in shape? Is that reasn s_____4_____ enugh? We need t remember that we have chices and ne f them is t say “n” t the things that will take ur attentin away frm cmpleting things t make ur life happier and healthier. We have the pwer t say “yes” t right things, n matter hw small, each day, t head us in the directin f ur gals.
We all knw that when peple make a plan with small, simple steps t get t the g_____5_____ they have, they are mre likely t reach them. Yu need t listen t yur heart and knw what e_____6_____ yu want t put int it as yu mve twards living a better life.
Yu dn't need t make this hard. Just d smething t head yurself in the right directin tday and then d it again tmrrw and every day after that! R_____7_____, a baby step is better than n step at all.
答案：
1.develp 2.prblems 3.until 4.strng 5.gals 6.effrt 7.Remember
译文：
其中最重要的生活技能之一是自律。它能帮助我们养成健康的生活习惯。
当每个人都知道自己在做好事时，他们都感觉很好。可能自律最大的问题之一是“纪律”这个词。纪律真的不一定是痛苦的或困难的。你可以从采取一些小的行动开始，一次只采取一个行动，直到它成为一件真正让你感觉良好的事情。让我们说你想减肥或者保持更好的身材。你不需要在健身房注册，然后开始每周5天的课程。一周每天在社区里散步一次，然后连续两周增加到每天两次，怎么样？
它真的从寻找你的动机开始。你为什么想减肥或保持身材？这个理由已经足够有力了吗？我们需要记住，我们有选择，其中之一就是对那些把我们的注意力从完成事情上转移开，让我们的生活更快乐、更健康。我们有能力对正确的事情说“是的”，无论每天有多么小，都能引导我们朝着目标的方向前进。
我们都知道，当人们用简单的步骤制定计划来实现他们的目标时，他们更有可能达到目标。你需要倾听你的心，知道当你在走向更好的生活时，你想要付出什么努力。
你不需要让这很难。今天做一些事情，让自己朝着正确的方向前进，然后明天和之后每天再做一次！记住，一小步总比没有一步好。