浙江省杭州市三年（2020-2022）中考英语真题分题型分层汇编-02阅读单选

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浙江省杭州市三年（2020-2022）中考英语真题分题型分层汇编
02阅读单选
一、阅读单选
（2022·浙江杭州）A blog by Sascha Marr, aged 14
My hobby is making shoes. I’ve always liked designing things. I remember drawing clothes and shoes when I was eight, and I made my first skirt aged nine. At eleven, I started making shoes, and I now spend my free time doing that.
I became interested in making shoes when my cousin told me about an online shoe-making course that he was doing. I immediately wanted to do one too. Mum booked(为……预约) me on a four-day course at the I Can Make Shoes school in London to see if I liked it, and then I did a ten-day course there in the summer holidays.
I loved the courses. On the longer one, I made four pairs of shoes! I couldn’t believe it. The teachers were excellent. That’s what was best about the classes. They made us work really hard but they wanted all their students to have fun, too.
I’ve made about 15 parts of shoes now. At the moment I’m making a pair of training shoes using an old pair of jeans, but I’ve used all kinds of different things before, from old leather(皮革) handbags to old cotton dresses!
Making shoes has changed my plans for the future. I know now that I want to be a designer, but not a shoe designer. I’ve decided I’ll do home design. I’ve designed lots of shoes and also some clothes, so I’d like to try something new.
1． What did Sascha begin to make at the age of 11?
A．Skirts. B．Shoes. C．Jeans. D．Dresses.
2． What does the underlined word “They” in Paragraph 3 refer to?
A．The courses. B．The teachers. C．The classes. D．The students.
3． What does Sascha plan to be in the future?
A．A shoe designer. B．A handbag designer. C．A dress designer. D．A home designer.
（2021·浙江杭州）What did people do to communicate in ancient times? Here are some very interesting answers to this question.
Alphorns(阿尔卑斯长号角) were once used to communicate in the mountains in Switzerland. They are very long and they are very heavy, too. So, alphorns are hard work to blow. Then why use them? Well, they make a loud sound which travels much further than the human voice. Herdsmen(牧民) used them to call cows in the distance for milking. At sunset, alphorns were also used to send a message down to villagers that all was well. These days, they’re mostly used as musical instruments.
The people of La Gomera, an island in Europe, have their own special way of sending messages from mountain to mountain. They use a whistled(口哨的) language called el silbo, which comes from their language Spanish. Whistling can be heard within five kilometers, which means it can be used across much greater distances than shouting. El silbo can be used for all kinds of messages, including greetings and announcements. El silbo is used a lot less than it used to be, but primary school students in La Gomera have to leave it.
Did you know it’s also possible to send messages without making a noise? This is called visual communication, and it includes the use of flags and even smoke. Long ago, soldiers along the Great Wall of China used smoke as a warning. If they noticed the enemy from their signal(信号) tower, they lit a smoky fire. When soldiers in other towers saw the smoke signal, they lit fires too. In this way, messages about the enemy’s arrival could travel as far as 800 km in just a few hours.
4． What are alphorns mostly used for today?
A．Communicating in the mountains B．Calling cows for milking.
C．Sending messages down to villages. D．Playing a kind of music.
5． Why do the people of La Gomera use el silbo to communicate?
A．Because it can send messages to animals.
B．Because it is different from their language.
C．Because it can be heard at a great distance.
D．Because it is a subject for young students.
6． How did soldiers along the Great Wall get warning messages between towers?
A．By listening. B．By whistling. C．By shouting. D．By watching.
7． Which of the following best shows the structure of the text?(P=Paragraph)
A． B．
C． D．
（2021·浙江杭州）Can anyone be an astronaut?
Of course not. You don’t have to have a science degree but most astronauts do. Most of them are pilots too. Life in a spaceship is hard so you must have a healthy body and mind. You need to be easy-going, patient, and helpful to spend so much time in a small space with other people.
What’s the training like?
People have to train for a year to learn how to stay healthy and safe. They practise space walking and living in zero gravity(重力). They train in difficult conditions to learn how to solve problems and to work in a team. Everyday tasks like eating, washing and sleeping can be difficult on a spaceship. There is no running water so you have to wash with wet tissues: it’s hard to enjoy the dry food that astronauts have to eat. And to sleep you must cover your eyes because the sun rises every 90 minutes on the International Space Station. You also have to tie yourself to something so you don’t fly away!
What health problems do astronauts have?
Life in zero gravity causes changes to our bodies. Bones and muscles(肌肉) become thin and weak so you must do a lot of exercise in space to stay fit and to help the heart move blood around your body. Astronauts often get backache because you grow in space— up to 8 centimeters! It’s also common to have headaches and to feel sick, especially at the beginning. You must have vitamins to take the place of fresh fruit and vegetables. But you don’t have to put on sun cream because space suits can protect your skin (皮肤).
Are you still interested?
8． What is a must for an astronaut?
A．A science degree. B．A pilot’s license.
C．A healthy body and mind. D．A weak character.
9． What must you do to prepare for a space trip?
A．Experience zero gravity. B．Wash with running water.
C．Practise long walks. D．Sleep with your eyes open.
10． Why do astronauts have to exercise in space?
A．To make their bones and muscles thinner.
B．To help the heart work well and keep fit.
C．To avoid backache and grow much taller.
D．To stop their skins from getting sunburned.
11． What is the text maily about?
A．What we need to know to become an astronaut.
B．Why young people are interested in space trips?
C．What problems astronauts must solve in space.
D．Why we need to train hard before a space trip.
（2021·浙江杭州）There are many different ways to solve a problem. One way is to be creative. People often think creative thinking is just for artists and designers, but this is not true. Dr. Edward de Bono, an expert in creative thinking and problem solving, has shown the world that using creativity to solve problems is very useful in business and in our communities, and will continue to be so in the future.
One example of creative thinking is the solution to a parking problem in a town center. In the areas close to stores, people can only park for 20 minutes. There are parking meters where people pay to park in these areas. However, the problem is that many people leave their cars there for longer than 20 minutes. Dr. Edward de Bono’s solution is to make a rule that all cars parked in these areas must keep their headlights on. Of course, drivers will want to return to their cars before their car batteries (蓄电池) die.
According to Dr. de Bono, people will need to use creative thinking more often in the future. To help people think more creatively, he designed the “Six Thinking Hats” system(系统). The system helps people think about a problem in different ways in order to find a solution. In the system, there are six imaginary hats of different colors. Each hat symbolizes a different way of thinking. For example, the white hat helps people consider the facts. The black hat is the most logical(有逻辑的) and helps people consider why a possible solution may not work. So, next time you have a problem in your community, think about it creatively, from different perspectives, and see what ideas you have.
12． What is the topic of the text?
A． Being a creative artist in the community.
B．Doing business successfully in the future.
C．Asking experts for some useful advice.
D．Using creative thinking to solve problems.
13． Why is the example mentioned in Paragrah 2?
A．To express a result. B．To describe a problem.
C．To support the topic. D．To list some numbers.
14． What does the underlined word “perspectives” in Paragraph 3 mean?
A．Ways B．Places. C．People. D．Rules.
15． Which of the following is true about the “Six Thinking Hats” system?
A．The system is used to help people think quickly.
B．The white hat helps people think about the facts.
C．The black hat has to do with people’s feelings.
D．Six hats of different shapes can be very helpful.
（2021·浙江杭州）My name is Ryan and last summer my family and I went to an island for our summer vacation. There were so many fun and interesting things to do on the island, but my favorite was fishing. Every day, my mom, my dad, my younger brother Derek and I went to the beach. We took our little fishing boat with us. Mom didn’t like fishing, so she stayed on the beach and read a book.
One morning, while we were fishing, we heard a loud noise. “What was that?” I asked. “Oh, don’t worry, Ryan. It might be a turtle（海龟）swimming under the boat,” said Dad, Derek and I looked around the boat, but we couldn’t see anything. Then we heard a different noise, which sounded like an animal. “Look, Dad, there it is!” shouted Derek. It was a sea turtle and it couldn’t swim well. “Let’s go closer and see what’s wrong with it,” Dad said.
When we got closer, we saw that there was a piece of plastic（塑料）around the turtle’s legs. “Let’s help it,” I said. So Dad jumped into the water, swam to the turtle and brought it back to the boat. “There you go, little turtle; now you can swim to your family, “Dad said as he cut the plastic off. Then Derek and I put it back in the water. “I know! We should make a sign about not throwing rubbish into the sea, and put it in the sand on the beach,” I said. “I’ll help, too,” said Derek. “Great idea, boys. If we don’t all do something to stop sea pollution, these sea animals will die.”
16． What did Ryan like doing best?
A．Boating. B．Fishing. C．Swimming. D．Reading.
17． Who cut the plastic off the turtle?
A．Ryan. B．Derek. C．Father. D．Mother.
18． Why did Ryan want to put up a sign?
A．To welcome people. B．To feed sea animals.
C．To use the rubbish again. D．To stop sea pollution.
（2021·浙江杭州）

Have you ever thought how important T-shirts are in your life? I don’t mean expensive designer T-shirts. After all, just because you spend a lot of money on a shirt doesn’t mean that it looks good. I’m talking about the T-shirts that say something about you, like where you’ve been, what you like, or what you think. Those are often the T-shirts that we feel the most comfortable in and that we wear again and again. I’m going to tell you about two T-shirts that I really, really love and explain why.
I’ve been to London twice. The first time I went I saw this shirt in a souvenir（纪念品）shop and my dad bought it for me. I really loved the design and the colors. And it reminds me of something funny that happened. One day we were travelling around the center of London. We almost got lost, but we found our way — thanks to the picture on this T-shirt!
Sometimes I’ve bought clothes that I’ve never worn or that I’ve only worn once or twice. But I’ve worn(and washed )this T-shirt hundreds of times. I love music and I love Adele. I haven’t seen many of my favorite artists live, but I bought this when I went to Adele’s concert two years ago. It was a great concert and this is a great souvenir. And white T- shirts go with anything, not just jeans!
So, those are just two of my favorite T-shirts that tell a story. What about yours?
posted 16th April at 16:57                                                                      post a comment
I’ve never been to China and I don’t know any Chinese, but one of my favorite T-shirts has the Chinese characters on it. One of the reasons that I like it is because I love the bright colors of the characters. And it has sentimental（情感）value. Last year, my brother studied in Beijing and he gave me this when he came home.
Nuria Gil, Spain

19． What did Sara’s T-shirt help her family do in London?
A．Find a souvenir shop. B．Know where they were.
C．Take a short way. D．Remember who they were.
20． Why is the other T-shirt so important to Sara?
A．It has never been worn before. B．It washes well.
C．It was bought at Adele’s concert. D．It goes with jeans.
21． What does Nuria think of her T-shirt?
A．It is old. B．It is simple. C．It is expensive. D．It is valuable.
22． What is the purpose of this blog?
A．To produce popular T-shirts. B．To make an ad for T-shirts.
C．To introduce favorite T-shirts. D．To offer a design for T-shirts.
（2021·浙江杭州）Flamenco is very popular in southern Spain. It begins with guitar music and clapping（击掌）and then dancers join the performance. Sometimes a woman dances alone and sometimes she dances with a man. The woman always wears a long, colorful dress. She moves her arms and hands slowly but her feet move in fast difficult steps. The man often wears black. Both dancers click their shoes on the floor when they dance around each other.
Cossack dances are from Russia and Ukraine. They are very energetic—some are more like gymnastics than dancing! Dancers have to be very fit because they jump very high and kick their legs up and down. They often jump over swords（剑）. The movements are similar to traditional Cossack activities, for example, sword fighting and getting on and off horses.
Limbo dancing is first from West Africa but today it is an important part of celebrations in the Caribbean. Young people have to dance under a pole（杆）. The pole is often on fire and the dancer mustn’t touch it! After a successful “limbo”, they put the pole lower and do it again. Some dancers can dance under a pole just twenty centimeters off the ground!
Mask（面具）dances are important for the Dogon people in Mali. Each village makes different masks. They are often huge and colorful. There are masks of people, monsters or local animals like crocodiles and monkeys. Mask dancers are always men and they dance to the sound of drums for hours after the death of a person in the village. Today, Dogon villagers also perform the dances for tourists.
23． What do we know about flamenco dancing?
A．Dancers begin performing before the guitar music starts.
B．A woman dancer often wears a long black dress.
C．A woman dancer moves her hands and feet at different speeds.
D．Dancers clap loudly while moving around each other.
24． What does the underlined word “gymnastics” in Paragraph 2 refer to?
A．A play. B．A sport. C．A celebration. D．A show.
25． Which of the following is limbo dancing?
A． B．
C． D．
26． What is the best title for the text?
A．Dance Jumps and Moves B．Dances for Different Ages
C．Dance Music and Clothing D．Dances from Around the World
（2021·浙江杭州）When do children start to talk? If you ask a group of parents when this happened, most will say “around twelve months of age”. They will probably even remember what the children said. Many parents keep a diary of their child’s “first words”.
We can never predict what a first word is going to be. Often it’s the name for “mummy” or “daddy”, but it could just as easily be the word for an animal or a favorite toy. Everything depends on what has most caught the child’s attention. But one thing is certain: after the first word, others come quickly. By 18 months, most children have learned about 50 words. By two, the total has risen to around 200.
Early words are actually one-word sentences. One of the first features（特征）of language a child learns well is to control the rise and fall of the voice to make the difference between stating and questioning. In English, daddy with a high rising tone（声调）means “is that daddy?” Daddy with a high falling tone means “There’s daddy”. Of course, only very basic meanings can be communicated using tones alone. So it soon becomes necessary to learn some grammar.
In English, grammar means learning to put words in different orders. Children have to see that mummy push is different from push mummy. They start practising such changes at around 18 months. By two, they have learned the basic patterns of word order, and we hear them saying such things as man kick ball and where daddy go.
What are the parents doing all his time? They’re acting as teachers and they always have an active role to play in their child’s language learning.
27． How old are most children when they have learned about 50 words?
A．About 6 months old. B．About one year old.
C．About 18 months old. D．About two years old.
28． Which might an English child say first when learning to talk?
A．Mummy. B．Push mummy. C．Man kick ball. D．Where daddy go.
29． What’s Paragraph 4 mainly about?
A．Word order. B．Word tones. C．The first words. D．Correcting words.
30． Who is most responsible for a child’s early language learning?
A．Teachers. B．Parents. C．Friends. D．Grandparents.
（2020·浙江杭州）Do you believe in green living? Read the following blog (博客)and replies about a fun, easy and creative way to make your lifestyle greener.

Posted by Gina at 8:32 a. m. on 11th February 2018 New uses for old clothing
Nowadays, we're more wasteful than ever-buying, using and throwing things away without thinking about the costs. We need to start living more responsibly- but how? One answer is to upcycle (再生利用) .
If you're like me, you might already make soil for gardening from food waste and use empty paper boxes as storage space. Did you know you can apply (应用) the same way to old clothing? You just need imagination!
I started upcycling clothing. Making new things out of old clothes is the best way to mix my talent and my interest. Do you upcycle? If so, what new things have you made? If not, why not give it a try?

What do you think of the "new" hat I made for my sister? It used to be my mum's sweater.


Terry B   Posted at 9:08 a. m. on 11th February 2018                  
Why don't you give your old clothes to people in need? I even give away the most expensive things I don't wear anymore. So I can help the environment while giving something useful to people in need.

Gina        Posted at 9:28 a. m. on 1lth February 2018 early               
Good point! I'm talking about only the oldest clothing in your room — the clothes that are too old to be worn by others. The same idea goes for food waste at restaurants and supermarkets.
Before upcycling food that can still be eaten, for example, using it to make soil, we should give it to those in need.

Betty99     Posted at 10:18 a. m. on llth February 2018                 
I've made shopping bags out of T-shirts and dog toys out of socks.
Upcycling clothing is a fun hobby, but the most important thing is that it makes me feel like I'm living less wastefully.
31． What is special about the hat?
A．It came from an old sweater. B．It was given by Gina's mum.
C．It was new and expensive. D．It was a gift from Gina's sister.
32． Why did Gina give a reply to TerryB?
A．To draw TerryB's attention. B．To introduce a new method.
C．To further explain her idea. D．To express her deep regret.
33． What did Betty99 upcycle to make dog toys?
A．Paper boxes. B．Shopping bags. C．T-shirts. D．Socks.
（2020·浙江杭州）Traffic lights are red, yellow and green. They are very important signals (信号). Traffic lights are usually placed at busy street corners to help control traffic. Sometimes, they are on streets near schools and shops, too. Most young children are taught what each of the colored lights means, so everybody can stay safe.
The first traffic signals were used for trains. The signals were put alongside railway tracks   (轨道). The color red was used to mean “stop” because it warned people of danger. A red light was also the easiest color to see from a distance. Train drivers could see the red “stop” light ahead and had enough time to slow down and stop their trains. A green light was used to mean “take care” and a white light meant “go”.
However, there were many dangerous accidents on the train tracks. Some train drivers thought a star shining in the night sky was a white light that meant “go”. So the signals were swapped. The “go” light was changed to green and the “take care” light was changed to white.
During these times, people travelled by train or in carts pulled by horses. Years later, when cars were built, people began to drive them because they could travel much faster than horses. However, the road rules for drivers were not very clear and many people were hurt crossing the roads. Yellow warning signs had to be placed beside the roads to remind drivers to take care and allow people to cross safely.
Today, towns and cities all over the world have traffic lights. Red and green lights match the signals used on the railways. Yellow lights are easy to see, so they are used to warn drivers that they should slow down and prepare to stop.
34． Why was the color red used to mean “stop”?
A．It reminded people of traffic rules.
B．It helped trains run smoothly.
C．It gave people a warning of danger.
D．It was the first color people thought of.
35． What does the underlined word “swapped” in Paragraph 3 mean?
A．Designed. B．Exchanged. C．Suggested. D．Compared.
36． In which order did the “take care” light develop?
a. A white light   b. A green light.   c. A yellow light.
A．a一c一b B．b一c一a C．a一b一c D．b一a一c
37． What is the passage mainly about?
A．The advantages of traffic lights. B．The history of traffic lights.
C．The importance of traffic lights. D．The meanings of traffic lights.
（2020·浙江杭州）A lot of animals travel from one place to another. We call this migration.
In Africa, large animals, like elephants and zebras, migrate to find food and water. They usually follow the same ways every year.
A lot of birds migrate to find food and better weather, too. They are usually birds that eat insects. They spend the summer in northern Europe, because there are lots of insects there. In the winter there aren't any insects, so the birds fly south to southern Europe and Africa.
Some insects migrate, too. In North America, millions of monarch butterflies fly south to spend the winter in Mexico, California and Florida, where it's warmer. They travel 50-65 km each day and they travel about 1,125 km.
Some fish migrate to breed(繁殖). Salmon (鲑鱼) can swim over 20,000 km in their life. They are born in rivers in Ireland, Scotland and other places in northern Europe. The young fish swim down the river to the sea and into the Atlantic Ocean. They live in the ocean until they are adults. Then they return to the river where they were born. They lay their eggs in the river and then they usually die. Salmon do this, because their eggs are safer in the river. Other fish can't eat them.
Arctic terns (北极燕鸥) travel the furthest when they migrate. They spend the summer in the Arctic, but when winter comes they fly to the Antarctic, because it's summer there. The next year they fly back to the Arctic again. In one year these small birds travel 36, 000km from one end of the earth to the other and back again. Nobody knows how they do it.
38． According to the passage, monarch butterflies in North America migrate to_________.
A．find insects B．look for water C．find better weather D．produce young
39． Adult salmon swim back to the river because ________.
A．they won't be eaten by other big fish
B．they want to lay eggs in a safer place
C．they are getting ready to die there
D．they want to go where they grew up
40． Which of the following is true about animals' migration?
A．Elephants in Africa usually travel the same way each year.
B．Most birds fly to southern Europe and Africa in summer.
C．Some insects travel 1, 125 km each day.
D．Salmon swim 20, 000 km each year.
41． The example of Arctic terns in the last paragraph is used mainly to show _________.
A．the distance of migration B．the purpose of migration
C．the direction of migration D．the time of migration
（2020·浙江杭州）How would you feel if someone decided to take away your park? Well that's what's happening in my community. There's a park that some people want to turn into a golf course   (高尔夫球场). Let me tell you why I think it's a bad idea.
First, a park is meant to be for the whole community. Not everyone likes golf, so not everyone will get to use the park. This isn't fair. A community park should have open spaces for everyone to use.
Second, to make way for the golf course, lots of playground equipment (设施) will have to be moved or knocked down, which is a waste of time and money. It's also a waste of perfectly good equipment. The swings, for example, will probably just end up as litter.
Third, what about giving young people something to do? Not all kids are crazy about golf. At the moment, the park has a skating place and a playground. These attract lots of kids from the community. If you turn the park into a golf course, these kids won't have anywhere to go and they won't have anything to do.
This means that they will stay at home and turn on a video game rather than get some exercise. It also means that they might be out on the street causing trouble. Wouldn't it be better to give them something to do at the park?
Finally, golf is expensive. Building a golf course and maintaining (维护)it costs a lot of money. Who is going to pay to maintain the golf course? What about those people who can't afford to join a golf club? That means that the golf course will only be available to people with lots of money.
Turning our park into a golf course is a bad idea. I suggest we have a community meeting before plans go any further.
42． Some people want to change the park into __________.
A．a golf club B．a golf course C．a park D．a skating place
43． According to Paragraph 4, having nowhere to go will make some children
A．go to get some exercise B．fall in love with golf
C．play video games at home D．go to the street and make friends
44． Which of the following shows the structure of the passage?
(P=Paragraph)
A． B． C． D．
45． What is the writer's purpose in writing this passage?
A．To help carry out further plans.
B．To make the park more beautiful.
C．To encourage children to go skating.
D．To stop the golf course from being built.

参考答案：
1． B
2． B
3． D
【解析】
【导语】
本文主要讲述了Sascha的爱好以及对未来的计划。
1． 细节理解题。根据“At eleven, I started making shoes, and I now spend my free time doing that.”可知，十一岁时，作者开始做鞋；故选B。
2． 词句猜测题。根据“The teachers were excellent. That’s what was best about the classes.”可知，课程最棒的地方是老师们都很优秀，因此“They”代指“The teachers”；故选B。
3． 细节理解题。根据“I know now that I want to be a designer, but not a shoe designer. I’ve decided I’ll do home design.”可知，Sascha将来想成为一名家居设计者；故选D。
4． D
5． C
6． D
7． A
【解析】
【导语】
本文主要介绍了古人是如何交流的。
4． 细节理解题。根据“These days, they’re mostly used as musical instruments.”可知，如今，它们大多被用作乐器；故选D。
5． 细节理解题。根据“Whistling can be heard within five kilometers, which means it can be used across much greater distances than shouting.”可知，它可以在比叫喊更远的距离上使用；故选C。
6． 细节理解题。根据“This is called visual communication, and it includes the use of flags and even smoke. Long ago, soldiers along the Great Wall of China used smoke as a warning.”可知，通过观察烟雾信号来得知危险警告；故选D。
7． 篇章结构题。根据全文内容可知，第一段引出下文；第二段介绍通过阿尔卑斯号角来交流；第三段介绍一种叫el silbo的口哨语；第四段介绍通过观看来传递信息；因此篇章结构是选项A；故选A。
8． C
9． A
10． B
11． A
【解析】
【导语】
本文主要讲述了要成为一名宇航员我们需要知道什么。
8． 细节理解题。根据“Life in a spaceship is hard so you must have a healthy body and mind.”可知，在宇宙飞船里的生活是艰苦的，所以你必须有一个健康的身体和思想；故选C。
9． 细节理解题。根据“They practise space walking and living in zero gravity. ”可知，必须练习太空行走和零重力生活；故选A。
10． 细节理解题。根据“Life in zero gravity causes changes to our bodies. Bones and muscles beco thin and weak so you must do a lot of exercise in space to stay fit and to help the heart move blood around your body.”可知，零重力环境下的生活使我们的身体发生变化，必须通过练习来保持健康和心脏运行正常；故选B。
11． 主旨大意题。根据全文内容可知，主要讲述了要成为一名宇航员我们需要知道什么；故选A。
12． D
13． C
14． A
15． B
【解析】
【导语】
本文主要讲述了运用创造性思维解决问题。
12． 主旨大意题。根据“There are many different ways to solve a problem. One way is to be creative.”可知，本文主要讲述了运用创造性思维解决问题；故选D。
13． 推理判断题。根据“One example of creative thinking is the solution to a parking problem in a town center.”可知，此段主要是为了支持本文的主题，如何运用创造性思维解决问题；故选C。
14． 词句猜测题。根据“So, next time you have a problem in your community, think about it creatively, from different perspectives, and see what ideas you have.”可知，当你在你的社区遇到问题时，从不同的角度创造性地思考它，因此“perspectives”意为“Ways”；故选A。
15． 细节理解题。根据“ For example, the white hat helps people consider the facts.”可知，白帽帮助人们考虑事实；故选B。
16． B
17． C
18． D
【解析】
【分析】
本文介绍了作者和家人去了一个小岛度暑假。在岛上救了一只海龟的事情，并在海边立了一个不要往海里扔垃圾的标志牌子。
16． 细节理解题。根据“There were so many fun and interesting things to do on the island, but my favorite was fishing.”可知，作者最喜欢钓鱼。故选B。
17． 细节理解题。根据“Dad said as he cut the plastic off.”可知，是爸爸割掉了塑料。故选C。
18． 细节理解题。根据“We should make a sign about not throwing rubbish into the sea, and put it in the sand on the beach,”可知，他们立牌子的目的是想阻止海洋污染。故选D。
19． B
20． C
21． D
22． C
【解析】
【分析】
文章讲述了Sara的和Nuria Gil最喜欢的T恤衫，包括为什么买，以及对她们的意义是什么。
19． 细节理解题。根据“One day we were travelling around the center of London. We almost got lost, but we found our way — thanks to the picture on this T-shirt!”可知，T恤衫帮助作者知道了他们在哪里，故选B。
20． 细节理解题。根据“I love music and I love Adele. I haven’t seen many of my favorite artists live, but I bought this when I went to Adele’s concert two years ago. It was a great concert and this is a great souvenir. And white T- shirts go with anything, not just jeans!”可知，另一件T恤是在阿黛尔的演唱会上买的。所以对她很重要，故选C。
21． 细节理解题。根据“One of the reasons that I like it is because I love the bright colors of the characters. And it has sentimental（情感）value.”可知，Nuria认为她的T恤对她来说非常有情感价值。故选D。
22． 推理判断题。根据文章的理解可知，主要是介绍Sara的和Nuria Gil两个人最喜欢的T恤衫的故事，故选C。
23． C
24． B
25． A
26． D
【解析】
【分析】
本文是一篇说明文，向我们介绍了几种类型的舞蹈。
23． 细节理解题。根据“She moves her arms and hands slowly but her feet move in fast difficult steps.”可知，她的胳膊和手移动缓慢，但她的脚在进行快速并且很难做的步伐。故选C。
24． 词义猜测题。分析“They are very energetic—some are more like gymnastics than dancing!”可知，它们非常有活力——有些更像体操而不是舞蹈！此处gymnastics的意思是“体操”，体操属于运动，故选B。
25． 推理判断题。根据“Limbo dancing is first from West Africa but today it is an important part of celebrations in the Caribbean. Young people have to dance under a pole（杆）.”可知，“林波舞”要在着火的杆子下跳舞，结合图片，故选A。
26． 最佳标题题。本文主要向我们介绍了几种类型的舞蹈，选项D“来自世界各地的舞蹈”符合主题，故选D。
27． C
28． A
29． A
30． B
【解析】
【分析】
本文介绍了孩子什么时候开始学习语言，孩子在学习语言时父母的作用。
27． 细节理解题。根据“By 18 months, most children have learned about 50 words.”可知，到18个月时，大多数孩子已经学会了50个单词。故选C。
28． 细节理解题。根据“Often it’s the name for 'mummy' or 'daddy', ….”可知，“妈妈”可能是一个孩子在学习说话时首先要说的。故选A。
29． 主旨大意题。根据“In English, grammar means learning to put words in different orders.”及本段的介绍可知，本段介绍了语法规则也就是语序的问题。故选A。
30． 细节理解题。根据“What are the parents doing all his time? They’re acting as teachers and they always have an active role to play in their child’s language learning.”可知，父母是孩子的第一任老师，并且在孩子学习语言方面充当一个积极的角色，所以父母对孩子的早期语言学习负责。故选B。
31． A
32． C
33． D
【解析】
【分析】
文章大意：本文主要介绍了 Gina对绿色生活的看法——再生利用旧衣物，以及TerryB和 Betty99对Gina这篇博客的回复。
31． 细节理解题。根据文章第一部分插图中的“It used to be my mum's sweater"可知这 个帽子特殊之处在于它曾是Gina母亲的旧毛衣做的，故选A。
32． 细节理解题。根据文章第二部分Gina有关再利用旧物以及不要的食物的回复内容可知，这是为了进一步说明解释“再生利用”的观点，故选C。
33． 细节理解题。根据文章第三部分第一句“I've made shopping bags out of T-shirts and dog toys out of socks."可知Betty用T-shirts做成了购物袋，用袜子做成了小狗玩具，故选D。
34． C
35． B
36． D
37． B
【解析】
【分析】
本文主要讲述了红绿灯的发展由来——从火车上的交通信号灯演变到今天马路上能见到的交通信号灯。
34． 细节理解题。根据第二段第三句 “The color red was used to mean “stop” because it warned people of danger.”可知，使用红色是想警告人们危险。故选C。
35． 词意猜测题。Designed设计；Exchanged更换；Suggested建议；Compared比较。根据第二段最后一句“A green light was used to mean “take care” and a white light meant “go”.”可知，绿灯意味着小心，白灯意味着通行。而第三段swaped 后的一句话“The “go” light was changed to green and the “take care” light was changed to white”可知，绿灯意味着通行，白灯意味着小心，此处是“绿色信号灯和白色信号灯所表示的含义发生了改变”，所以此处swaped与exchanged的意思相同。故选B。
36． 篇章结构题。根据第二段中“A green light was used to mean “take care”…”、第三段中“the “take care” light was changed to white…”、第四段中“Yellow warning signs had to be placed beside the roads to remind drivers to take care…”可知，“提醒注意”的交通信号灯由绿色改为白色，最后再变成黄色，对应的正确的排序为b一a一c。故选D。
37． 主旨大意题。由第二段开头“The first traffic signals were used for trains…”、第四段开头“During these times. .. Years later...”、最后一段开头 “Today...”可知，文章以时间顺序在介绍红绿灯的发展由来——从火车上的交通信号灯演变到今天马路上能见到的交通信号灯，也就是交通信号灯的历史。故选B。
38． C
39． B
40． A
41． A
【解析】
【分析】
文章大意：本文是一篇说明文，主要讲述了很多动物为了食物、天气、生产等原因而迁徙。
38． 细节理解题。根据In North America, millions of monarch butterflies fly south to spend the winter in Mexico, California and Florida, where it's warmer. 可知，他们是为了到比较暖的地方过冬,也就是寻找更好的天气。故答案选C。
39． 细节理解题。根据第四段最后倒数第二句Salmon do this, because their eggs are safer in the river.可知，成年鲑鱼游回到出生地产卵是因为鱼卵在河水里更安全。故答案选 B。
40． 理解判断题。根据In Africa, large animals, like elephants and zebras, migrate to find food and water. They usually follow the same ways every year. 可知，A选项表述正确。根据A lot of birds migrate to find food and better weather, too. ……In the winter there aren't any insects, so the birds fly south to southern Europe and Africa. 可知，B选项表述错误。根据In North America, millions of monarch butterflies fly south …… They travel 50-65 km each day and they travel about 1, 125 km.在北美，数以百万计的帝王蝶飞往南方……它们每天飞50-65公里，大约1125公里。可知C选项表述错误。根据Some fish migrate to breed. Salmon can swim over 20, 000 km in their life.可知，D选项表述错误。故答案选A。
41． 段落大意题。根据最后一段的内容 Arctic terns travel the furthest when they migrate. 以及In one year these small birds travel 36, 000km from one end of the earth to the other and back again.可知，本段主要讲了北极燕鸥的迁徙距离。故答案选A。
42． B
43． C
44． D
45． D
【解析】
【分析】
文章大意：本文从4个方面论述了把社区公园变成高尔夫球场的弊端，想要由此来阻止高尔夫球场的建设。
42． 细节理解题。根据文章中的信息 There's a park that some people want to turn course into a golf有人想把一个公园转变成为一个高尔夫球场，故选B。
43． 细节理解题。根据文章第四段倒数第三句话 This means that they will stay at home and turn on a video game rather than get some exercise这就意味着他们将会待在家里打开电子游戏而不是去锻炼，故选C。
44． 文章结构题。根据文章第一段最后一句话let me tell you.. . a bad idea让我该诉 你为什么这是一个坏主意，接着文章二、三、四、五段分别用first首先；second第 二；third第三;finally最后。分别列举理由；最后一段第一句话Turning our park into a golf course is a bad idea可以知道是总结不愿意把公园改成高尔夫球场， 属于总-分-总。故选D。
45． 写作目的题。文章主要从四个方面讲解了把社区公园变成高尔夫球场的弊端，从而想阻止高尔夫球场的建造。故选D。