高考英语一轮复习unit 16 stories能力提升训练含答案

  选修6　Unit 16　Stories

能力提升题组训练(A)

Ⅰ.阅读

(2019吉林东北师大附中高三三模)

The science fiction type of entertainment is considered by most to be fathered by Jules Verne (A Journey to the Center of the Earth and Twenty Thousand Leagues Under the Sea) and H.G.Wells (The Time Machine and The War of the Worlds).Sci-Fi,as it is commonly shortened,is a fictional story in which science and technology have a significant influence on the characters and plot.Many such works are guesswork about what the future holds and how scientific findings and technological advances will shape humankind.

Writing in the late 1800s,Jules Verne was remarkably successful in his 10 guesses about future technologies of air conditioning,automobiles,the Internet,television,and underwater,air,and space travel.Unbelievably,of all places from which to choose,Jules Verne guessed Tampa,Florida,USA as the launching site of the first project to the Moon,which was only 200 kilometers away from the actual 1969 location at Cape Canaveral,Florida.

One of the best-known science fiction books is Nineteen Eighty-Four by George Orwell.Published in 1949,it was not meant as a prediction,but as a warning: Orwell was describing what he saw as the outcome of the ideas,trends,and emerging technologies of his time.Many invented terms from this novel have become common in everyday use,such as “big brother” and “doublethink”.Even the author’s name has been made into an adjective—Orwellian—and has become a warning descriptor for situations where privacy is lost and the individual has no power and is completely controlled by the government.Nineteen Eighty-Four was translated into sixty-five languages within five years of its publication,setting a record that still stands.

What helps bring science fiction into being is usually a new discovery or innovation.The author creates an analysis of the potential influence and consequences and then wraps it in a pleasant story.For example,the beginning of space exploration was followed a few years later by the Star Trek television program and movie series.The science fiction author’s self-determined role is to search the world of future possibilities upon the road which we are traveling.

1.From the first paragraph,we know that science fiction might be 　　　. 

A.a forecast of how a new discovery could influence mankind

B.a brief review of the present drawbacks of technology

C.a thoughtful look at the past and a prediction of the future

D.an analysis of how a new technology could be used to harm human.

2.Which of the following best describes Nineteen Eighty-Four?

A.A prediction of future technologies. B.A warning of unfair and cruel ruling.

C.The motive of scientific development. D.An imaginary perfect world of freedom.

3.From the passage we can learn that 　　　. 

A.H.G.Wells predicted the Internet in the late 1800s

B.Nineteen Eighty-Four adopted some popular terms

C.Star Trek movie series were based on space exploration

D.Cape Canaveral was mentioned in Jules Verne’s fiction

4.According to the author,what is the role of science fiction in society?

A.A reference of technology. B.A moral compass.

C.A record of science development. D.A form of thinking about possibilities.

语篇解读:本文是说明文。介绍了过去的几部科幻小说对未来的预测和对人类的影响。

答案及剖析:

1.A　细节理解题。根据第一段中的Many such works are guesswork about what the future holds and how scientific findings and technological advances will shape humankind.可知,科幻小说主要是对未来的预测和对人类的影响,故选A。

2.B　细节理解题。根据第三段中的it was not meant as a prediction,but as a warning 以及Even the author’s name has been made into an adjective—Orwellian—and has become a warning descriptor for situations where privacy is lost and the individual has no power and is completely controlled by the government.可知,这部小说是对社会上的不公平和残酷制度的一种警告,故选B。

3.C　细节理解题。根据最后一段中的For example,the beginning of space exploration was followed a few years later by the Star Trek television program and movie series.可知,《星际迷航》系列就是以太空探险为原形的,故选C。

4.D　推理判断题。根据文章最后一句The science fiction author’s self-determined role is to search the world of future possibilities upon the road which we are traveling.可知,作者认为科幻小说是对未来可能性的一种推测,故选D。

Ⅱ.七选五(2019河北唐山高三一模)

Children who have developed leadership skills are sure to have a bright future.1.　　　 Not only will they gain more self-esteem and interact more easily with their peers,they can also make an impact on their community.These qualities will continue to develop as children grow up.Here are simple techniques to develop children’s leadership qualities. 

Discuss peer pressure.Children are often exposed to peer pressure and worry about how others view them.2.　　　 Leadership requires being socially involved,but still honoring personal morals and standards.Discuss hypothetical (假设的) peer pressure situations and ask kids to consider how they’d behave in different situations. 

3.　　　 When they’re able to clearly show their thoughts,they feel more self-confident and are able to deal with complex problems.You can help by encouraging children to speak out and by listening seriously to their thoughts.Although many children go through rebellious stages,don’t enforce silence.Instead,suggest self-expression. 

Teach by example.4.　　　 Even if they don’t express it aloud,children may see you as a role model.Model leadership behavior by helping others,volunteering in leadership positions and taking action in everyday life. 

Develop children’s individual talents and encourage participation.Every child has potential for leadership skills,but not every child develops skills in the same way.5.　　　 A child might be a talented athlete or skilled at painting and drawing.Find ways for kids to develop these skills in a group setting,which promotes teamwork and social skills. 

A.Encourage children to express themselves.

B.Pay attention to specific interests and abilities.

C.Find volunteer and community service opportunities.

D.Children start benefiting from leadership skills at any age.

E.Children with self-awareness have a greater ability to lead.

F.Children observe the adults in their lives,and value what they see.

G.Talk with your children about the importance of avoiding peer pressure.

答案:1-5　DGAFB

Ⅲ.完形填空

In kindergarten,I met my first love—dancing.For the last eleven years,I have spent many hours at the dance studio.The 　1　 I began as a little girl has shaped my personality,forming 　2　 that I will have for the rest of my life. 

Once while our dance team 　3　 for the state competition,six senior members quit without notice,leaving our team without a captain.My team’s enthusiasm for the season was cut in half.　4　,I was determined to become the new captain and lead my team past this obstacle. 

During the first practice after the seniors quit,my team’s emotion was 　5　.As a leader,I tried to motivate my team through example.I started to do 　6　 work outside practice to improve my kicking technique.My team respected me as a coach because I showed devotion.On weekends,I spent hours trying to make up a creative competition routine.I wanted my team members to 　7　 the dance and perform well. 

Before the state meet,I drilled the routine into the girls’ heads and constantly encouraged them to work harder.I would shout out names of people who were 　8　 well during the dance,and the girls would 　9　 with even more energy.Through my dance experience,I also found I got better by 　10　 myself.I mixed new skills into the routine for the state competition to 　11　 my team’s technique.We wanted to prove to ourselves and our school that we could still be a(n) 　12　 dance team without the girls who quit. 

On the stage,I felt my team’s 　13　.I was proud that we were able to rebuild our confidence and go beyond our expectations at the state competition.We were 　14　 for all our hard work by placing in the top five.This experience taught me a lesson: with a passion for something,I could 　15　 any obstacle with creativity and determination. 

1.A.education B.activity C.travel D.research

2.A.qualities B.competitions C.connections D.opinions

3.A.looked B.left C.practiced D.hoped

4.A.Otherwise B.Besides C.Instead D.However

5.A.growing B.normal C.low D.appealing

6.A.new B.extra C.little D.personal

7.A.love B.check C.believe D.ignore

8.A.planning B.judging C.predicting D.performing

9.A.deal B.respond C.defend D.compare

10.A.reminding B.teaching C.protecting D.challenging

11.A.admire B.share C.improve D.prove

12.A.familiar B.similar C.ordinary D.brilliant

13.A.patience B.kindness C.energy D.pride

14.A.rewarded B.thanked C.prepared D.moved

15.A.think of B.get over C.care about D.keep off

语篇解读:这是一篇记叙文。介绍了作者在舞蹈队的经历,说明了一个道理:只要对某事有激情和热情,就会克服任何困难。

答案及剖析:

1.B　education教育;activity活动;travel旅行;research研究。舞蹈是作者小时候从事的一项活动。故B项切题。

2.A　qualities品质;competitions竞赛;connections联系;opinions观点。由“shaped my personality”可知,这里指舞蹈对作者所产生的积极影响,故A项切题。

3.C　looked看;left离开;practiced实践;hoped希望。由下文“During the first practice”可知C项切题。

4.D　Otherwise否则;Besides此外;Instead代替;However然而。句意:然而,我决心成为新的队长,带领我的团队走出困境。故选D。

5.C　growing生长的;normal正常的;low低的;appealing有吸引力的。由下文“I tried to motivate my team through example”可知,我试图通过榜样的力量来激励我的团队,可判断出团队情绪低落。故C项切题。

6.B　new新的;extra额外的;little小的;personal个人的。由“improve my kicking technique”可知,为了提高踢腿技术,要做额外的练习,故B项切题。

7.A　love热爱;check核对;believe相信;ignore忽略。由“perform well”可知,and连接的是两个并列成分,所以love符合句意。

8.D　planning计划;judging判断;predicting预测;performing表演。作者喊出那些在舞蹈中表现出色的人的名字。所以perform符合句意。故D项切题。

9.B　deal处理;respond回应;defend保卫;compare对比。前文的shout out与respond相对应。故B项切题。

10.D　reminding提醒;teaching教;protecting保护;challenging挑战。由前文可知,作者自创了一套固定舞,这在作者的经历中是前所未有的,作者挑战了自己,使自己成熟了,完美了。故D项切题。

11.C　admire羡慕;share分享;improve提高;prove证明。作者要把这个团队带好,所以把新的技能融入到国家竞赛的舞步中,就是要提高团队的技术。故C项切题。

12.D　familiar熟悉的;similar相似的;ordinary普通的;brilliant极好的。作者之所以要当这个队长,就是要挑战自己,向自己和学校证明,即使没有那些退出的女孩们,也仍然可以成为一支优秀的(brilliant)舞蹈队。

13.C　patience耐心;kindness善意;energy能量;pride自豪。由下文“I was proud that we were able to rebuild our confidence and go beyond our expectations at the state competition”,我很自豪我们能够重建我们的信心,在国家比赛中的表现超越了我们的预期。所以作者在舞台上感受了他们的自信和活力。故C项切题。

14.A　rewarded回报;thanked感谢;prepared准备;moved移动。由“by placing in the top five”可知,作者的舞蹈队进入了前五名,付出终于有了回报。故A项切题。

15.B　think of想起;get over克服;care about关心;keep off使不接触。由上文可知,作者所带领舞蹈队获得了成功,所以作者觉得只要对某事有激情,就能以创造性和决心克服任何困难。故B项切题。

能力提升题组训练(B)

Ⅰ.阅读

A

(2019山东潍坊高三模拟)

One of the best-loved American writers was William Sydney Porter,or O·Henry.From 1893 he lived with his family in a house in Austin,Texas,which is now a museum.Visitors to Austin can see the house.It was saved from destruction(破坏) and turned into a museum in 1934.The museum is a good way to learn about the interesting life of the American writer.

William Porter rented this house in Austin and lived there with his wife Athol and daughter Margaret for about two years.Many objects in the museum came from the Porters.Others did not.An important piece in the room is the original photo over here.It was taken there in the house about 1895.The piano there goes back to the 1860s.His wife took lessons on it when she first moved to Austin.

Porter wasn’t a successful writer in the beginning.He worked at a farm,land office and bank.He also loved words and writing.The museum has a special proof (证明书)of Porter’s love of language—his dictionary.It is said that he had read every word in that dictionary.

Later William Porter was forced to leave Austin because he was charged(指控) with wrong doing at the bank and lost his job.Because he was afraid of a trial(审判),he left the country secretly.But he returned because his wife was dying.After her death,he faced the trial and served three and a half years in a prison in Ohio.

William Porter would keep his time in prison a secret.But there was one good thing about it.It provided him with time to write.By the time he was freed,he had published 14 stories and became well-known as O·Henry.Porter later moved to New York City and had great success there.He published over 180 stories in the last eight years of his life.

1.O·Henry’s house in Austin has been well kept so that 　　　　. 

A.Americans can study their history B.more visitors will be attracted to Austin

C.visitors can learn about O·Henry’s life D.it can show the way of life in the 1860s

2.Why did Porter escape from Austin?

A.He didn’t want to lose his job. B.He didn’t want to make trouble.

C.He meant to save his wife’s life. D.He was afraid of being put into prison.

3.From the last paragraph we know that 　　　　. 

A.Porter suffered a lot in prison B.Porter became famous suddenly

C.Porter spent his time in prison writing D.life in prison provided what Porter could write

语篇解读:本文记述了美国著名作家欧·亨利在狱中写作的经历。

答案及剖析:

1.C　细节理解题。根据第一段中“The museum is a good way to learn about the interesting life of the American writer.”可知欧·亨利的房子被完好保存,并改成博物馆供人参观是为了让人们了解欧·亨利的生活。

2.D　细节理解题。根据第四段前两句可知,欧·亨利在银行工作时被指控犯了错,丢了工作,他害怕接受审判,所以偷偷地离开了这个国家。

3.C　细节理解题。由文章最后一段中“It provided him with time to write.”可知,他通过写作度过了监狱里的时间。

B

(2019河南郑州联考)

Scientists are using robots to study the health of waters in and around Venice,Italy.The robots are designed to act like fish,other underwater creatures and plants.The scientists are working with several universities and research centers as part of a group called SUBCULTRON.The European Union gives money to the project as part of its Horizon 2020 program whose aim is to take great ideas from the lab to the market and support science and innovation(创新) in Europe,and the scientists want to use the artificial intelligence of the robots to help humans understand what is happening under the water of the Venice Lagoon(泻湖) as well.

SUBCULTRON,a collective artificial intelligence project,plans to create the biggest shoal(鱼群) of robot fish in the world.The project’s aim is to improve knowledge of the seabed and try to turn human abilities into hi-tech items.

Alexandre Campo,a computer scientist,says the scientists have looked at the way animals learn to work in groups to understand how robots can learn to work together.The SUBCULTRON project wants its robots to learn to work together so they can watch out for changes and new problems in the water.

One problem the researchers had in the beginning was how the robots would communicate with each other.

Another problem was charging batteries.The robots come up to the water’s surface and stay near a boat or a power station to charge without any electrical cables.

The health state of the Lagoon is pretty good.There are no industrial polluters,and the city now has a modern sewer(污水管)system.The robots in Venice will continue their work.The SUBCULTRON project hopes they develop into “an artificial society underneath the water surface” that serves “a human society above the water”.

4.What can we learn about the project in Paragraph 1?

A.Its researchers are all from universities.

B.The European Union has financially supported it.

C.It uses robots to clean the waters in and around Venice.

D.It is aimed to support science and innovation worldwide.

5.What can we infer according to Alexandre Campo?

A.Scientists have got an idea for robots from the animals.

B.The robots are working separately to perform their tasks.

C.SUBCULTRON is to turn human abilities into hi-tech items.

D.The health state of the Lagoon has greatly improved recently.

6.The underlined word “they” in the last paragraph probably refers to “　　　　”. 

A.scientists B.animals C.robots D.humans

7.What does the author mainly want to tell us in the passage?

A.Robots are coming into our cities soon. B.Animals can tell us how to clean the water.

C.Waters in Venice have been greatly cleaned. D.Robot fish watch out for the water in Venice.

语篇解读:本文是说明文,主要介绍在意大利威尼斯的泻湖水域,科学家在SUBCULTRON人工智能项目中利用机器鱼群来监测水质。

答案及剖析:

4.B　细节理解题。根据第一段“The European Union gives money to the project as part of its Horizon 2020 program whose aim is to take great ideas from the lab to the market and support science and innovation (创新)in Europe.”可知,欧盟出资支持这一项目。

5.A　细节理解题。根据第三段中的“Alexandre Campo,a computer scientist,says the scientists have looked at the way animals learn to work in groups to understand how robots can learn to work together.”可知,科学家是通过研究动物来了解机器人该如何学习协同工作的。

6.C　词义猜测题。根据前句“The robots in Venice will continue their work.”可知,they 指robots。

7.D　主旨大意题。根据第一段前三句“Scientists are using robots to study the health of waters in and around Venice,Italy.The robots are designed to act like fish,other underwater creatures and plants.The scientists are working with several universities and research centers as part of a group called SUBCULTRON.”可知,文章主要介绍了在意大利威尼斯可以监测水质的机器鱼。

Ⅱ.语法填空

It feels great when you make someone smile.

My neighbors are a senior couple 1.　　　　 are always full of positive atmosphere.They have a little basil plant at their lobby(门廊)area,and it 2.　　　　(water) by the husband,Mr.Green,3.　　　　(regular).He prays and takes care of it like a small baby.The weather is extremely hot now,so he spends so much time with it. 

Then Mr.Green and his wife had to travel and leave 4.　　　　 about three to four 5.　　　　(week) and he was so worried about the basil plant. We overheard him discussing this with 6.　　　　(we) grandmother.When he 7.　　　　(leave),we decided to take care of the basil plant just like he would. 

This morning when they returned we were eagerly waiting for them,especially Mr.Green,to see his 8.　　　　(react).He smiled at the gate 9.　　　　 told his wife,“See,every plant of ours is still fresh and green.”My grandmother responded that it might have been because of all your love for it.It was such a great feeling 10.　　　　(hear) that interaction. 

语篇解读:我的邻居外出旅行,把照顾花的任务交给我们,我们精心照料后结果喜人。

答案及剖析:

1.who/that　考查定语从句。所填词引导定语从句,修饰先行词couple,指人,且在从句中作主语,故用who或that。

2.is watered　考查时态和语态。所填词作谓语,it 与water 为被动关系,且文章用的是一般现在时,故用is watered。

3.regularly　考查副词。所填词作状语,修饰动词is watered,故用副词。

4.for　考查介词。表示一段时间,通常接介词for。

5.weeks　考查名词复数。根据three to four 判断,所填词为名词复数。

6.our　考查代词。所填词作定语,修饰名词grandmother,所以用we 的形容词性物主代词形式our。

7.left　考查时态。所填词作谓语,同时通过主句we decided to 判断,用一般过去时,即left。

8.reaction　考查名词。根据前面的see his 判断,所填词为名词。

9.and　考查连词。前后为并列关系,所以用连词and。

10.to hear　考查非谓语动词。it作形式主语,动词不定式作真正的主语。