高考英语一轮复习课后达标 unit 22 environmental protection含答案

课时练1　2篇阅读＋1篇完形

 阅读理解

A

(2020·山西六校测试)World Environment Day is celebrated annually on June 5th and was created to inspire people around the globe to take an active part in environmental protection and learn more about ways we can help to guarantee the future of our planet is safe.

The very first World Environment Day took place in 1974, established by the United Nations General Assembly on the first day of the Stockholm Conference on the Human Environment that took place in 1972.Each year the United Nations picks a theme and a host city where anyone who is concerned about the environment can talk about environmental topics with others, followed by different kinds of exhibits to promote environmental awareness. Environmentalists, academics and scientists come together to bring new ideas on the table concerning the environment.

The 2018 World Environment Day was hosted by India, and the theme was Beat Plastic Pollution. It urged people to explore and choose supportable alternatives like paper or cloth bags to reduce the production and use of disposable plastic, which made up 10% of all of the waste. Even though the United Nations picks a specific host city every year, people around the world still celebrate World Environment Day in their hometowns with parades(游行), concerts, cleaning up and tree planting and all kinds of green actions to work towards having a beautiful planet and battling pollution.

World Environment Day is not a public holiday, so you won’t be getting the day off work or school, but if you want to celebrate, why not bring it to the attention of your parents, friends, colleagues or classmates? World Environment Day is all about working together to take action for the planet, so try to get everyone you know interested in helping do something. Things as small as making sure people have a way to recycle can make a difference. You could also try beautifying your neighborhood by planting gardens, learn about green foods, raise money for a local wildlife conservation group or simply learn about the effects of different products on the earth.

【解题导语】　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了世界环境日的由来和情况，呼吁全员行动起来帮助保护地球。

1．Why is World Environment Day set up?

A．To make people know more about nature.

B．To ask people to help to protect the globe.

C．To warn people of the danger of air pollution.

D．To encourage people to plan the earth’s future.

B　解析：细节理解题。根据第一段中的“to inspire people around the globe to take an active part in environmental protection and learn more about ways we can help to guarantee the future of our planet is safe”可知，世界环境日的目的是鼓励世界各地的人们积极参与环境保护并学会更多方法来帮助确保我们的地球将来是安全的，故选B。

2．What do people do on World Environment Day?

A．Decide a host city.

B．Hold a theme party.

C．Discuss environmental ideas.

D．Show some plastic products.

C　解析：细节理解题。根据第二段中的“where anyone who is concerned about the environment can talk about environmental topics with others”以及“Environmentalists, academics and scientists come together to bring new ideas on the table concerning the environment.”可知，人们主要是在这一天讨论环境问题，故选C。

3．Which of the following words is  closest in meaning to the underlined word “disposable” in Paragraph 3?

A．High­cost.　　　　　　　 B．Poor­quality.

C．Second­hand.   D．Single­use.

D　解析：词义猜测题。根据第三段中的“Beat Plastic Pollution”可知，2018年的主题是“塑战速决”，再结合画线词前面的“It urged people to explore and choose supportable alternatives like paper or cloth bags”和后面的“which made up 10% of all of the waste”可知，“disposable plastic”造成大量资源浪费，所以“一次性的”符合语境，故选D。

4．What’s the main idea of the last paragraph?

A．Every bit of effort counts.

B．Doing is better than saying.

C．Many hands make light work.

D．Nothing is impossible to a willing heart.

A　解析：段落大意题。根据最后一段的内容可知，世界环境日不是一个公共节日，所以人们不放假。但如果你想庆祝的话，为何不让你周围的人关注它。所以最后一段主要是讲每个人都可以从身边小事做起，行动起来保护地球，每个人的微小努力都很重要(Every bit of effort counts.)，故选A。Doing is better than saying.“行胜于言。”；Many hands make light work.“众人拾柴火焰高。”；Nothing is impossible to a willing heart.“有志者事竟成。”

B

(2020·湖北武昌区调研)Historians and archaeologists have defined periods of human history for centuries by the technologies or materials that made the greatest impact on society. This includes the Stone Age, the Bronze Age, and the Iron Age. But what age are we in now? That question can be answered with one word for some researchers: Plastics.

“Plastic has redefined our material culture and the artifacts we leave behind. It will be found in stratified(分层的) layers in our trash deposits(沉积层)．” That’s according to John Marston, an archaeologist.

The wide variety of synthetic polymers(合成聚合物) would not exist if it weren’t for human action. About six billion tons of plastics have been made and spread around the planet. They have been spread from forests to oceans ever since the first plastic polymers were invented.

Plastics are one of the most significant changes that humans have made to the Earth’s makeup. Most plastics don’t easily degrade. This only adds to the problem. Recycling isn’t an adequate solution. Not all types of plastic are easily recyclable. And there are only a few recycling plants that can process all varieties of plastic.

According to Debra Winter, writer for The Atlantic, this means that many of the materials thrown into recycling bins can cross the planet several times before they are processed. They are made into rugs, sweaters, or they are used to make other bottles. Millions of tons of plastics are recycled every year, but millions more end up in landfills or the ocean. The problem has reached the point where it’s possible that in just a few decades there might be more plastic in the world’s oceans than fishes.

“Plastics have a supposed lifespan of over 500 years, so it’s safe to say that every plastic bottle you have used exists somewhere on this planet, in some form or another，” Winter writes.

The damage may already be done. It may be too late for human populations worldwide to change their plastic using ways. So the Plastic Age might soon take its place next to the Bronze Age and the Iron Age in the history of human civilization.

【解题导语】　在我们所处的时代，塑料给我们的生活带来了很大便利，但是也给环境造成了巨大损害。

5．Why do people call our age the Plastic Age?

A．Because plastics are not naturally made.

B．Because humans create plastics.

C．Because plastics influence the world greatly.

D．Because historians and archaeologists think so.

C　解析：推理判断题。根据第一段第一句可知，历史学家和考古学家是通过对社会造成最大影响的技术或材料来界定人类历史时期的，由此可推知，我们称现在这个时代为塑料时代的原因是塑料极大地影响了世界，故C项正确。

6．According to the passage, how are most plastics dealt with currently?

A．They are recycled.

B．They are degraded.

C．They are thrown away.

D．They are made into bottles.

C　解析：细节理解题。根据第五段中的“Millions of tons of plastics are recycled every year, but millions more end up in landfills or the ocean.”可知，每年数百万吨的塑料垃圾被回收，但是更多的塑料垃圾最终被扔到垃圾场或海洋中了，故C项正确。

7．What is the author’s attitude to the Plastic Age?

A．Negative.   B．Ambiguous.

C．Favorable.   D．Unconcerned.

A　解析：观点态度题。根据全文内容可知，作者在文章中描述了塑料垃圾对社会的巨大的负面影响，尤其在最后一段中作者提到，塑料垃圾对社会可能已经造成了损害，世界各地的人们改变使用塑料的方式可能太晚了。由此可推知，作者对塑料时代持消极态度。故A项正确。

8．What is the main idea of this passage?

A．Plastics have ruined our environment.

B．We must stop using plastics altogether.

C．Human beings are in the Plastic Age.

D．Plastics are significant to human development.

C　解析：主旨大意题。通读全文可知，本文主要讲述的是我们人类现在处于塑料时代并解释了我们这个时代被称为塑料时代的原因，由此可推知，C项最符合文意。

 完形填空

(2020·合肥高三联考)Every year, the fifth graders at Brookstone Elementary School went on a field trip to Washington, D．C. Terence __1__ the exciting trip, and was __2__ to go the next year.

Terence asked his parents __3__ if they would pay for half of the trip if he earned the other half of the money himself. His parents __4__. He had almost a year to earn $150. His first __5__ was to earn money by babysitting, and he typed a nice letter __6__ that “he would babysit during his neighbors’ __7__”. He named a few afternoons available and said he would __8__ $1 per hour per child. After five babysitting __9__， he earned $45.

When the __10__ weather arrived, Terence knocked on his neighbors’ doors to ask if they needed help with __11__ work. He helped with mowing(修剪) and weeding gardens. After the summer was over, he earned $75. When the fall arrived, he counted his money and __12__ that he still needed $30 for his trip. Soon his mom saw a(n) __13__ for a job for him. He got a job __14__ newspapers every Wednesday afternoon, making 5 cents for every paper, $10 __15__ each Wednesday. It wasn’t long before he had __16__ money to go on the trip to Washington, D．C. He was __17__ in time. The class trip was on October 15. His mom and dad gave him a check for the $150 they __18__ him. What a great feeling! He helped __19__ the cost of his trip.

This experience __20__ Terence in many ways, making his dream a reality with great efforts.

【解题导语】　本文是一篇记叙文。小学生Terence非常渴望去华盛顿进行实地调查旅行，他希望自己挣一半旅费，另一半由父母资助。父母答应后，他通过帮邻居照看小孩、修剪花园和给花园除杂草等工作攒够了钱。

1．A.prepared for   B．laid out

C．referred to   D．heard about

D　解析：根据第一句可知，每年Terence所在学校的五年级学生都要去华盛顿进行实地调查旅行；结合该句中的“to go the next year”可知，Terence应该是听说了(heard about)这个激动人心的旅行，就渴望(dying)来年也去。

2．A.dying   B．grateful

C．lucky   D．proud

A　

3．A.curiously   B．casually

C．anxiously   D．briefly

C　解析：根据上文可知，Terence渴望去华盛顿进行实地调查旅行；又结合语境可知，此处表示Terence急切地问他的父母是否愿意支付他一半的旅行费用。C项意为“急切地，渴望地”，故C项正确。

4．A.submitted   B．agreed

C．bargained   D．refused

B　解析：根据下文可知，他有近一年的时间去挣150美元；又根据下文中的“His mom and dad gave him a check for the $150 they ______ him.”可知，他的父母同意(agreed)为他支付一半的旅行费用。

5．A.idea   B．job

C．conclusion   D．suggestion

A　解析：根据该句中的“to earn money by babysitting” “typed a nice letter”并结合语境可知，他的第一个主意(idea)就是通过代人临时照看孩子来挣钱，并打印了一封信，信上说(saying)邻居不在(absence)时他可以帮他们照看孩子。

6．A.declaring   B．confirming

C．showing   D．saying

D　

7．A.stay   B．company

C．interaction   D．absence

D　

8．A.pay   B．spend

C．charge   D．donate

C　解析：根据该句中的“$1 per hour per child”并结合语境可知，Terence帮邻居照看孩子的收费标准是每个孩子每小时一美元。C项意为“收费，开价”，故C项正确。

9．A.negotiations   B．sessions

C．attempts   D．interviews

B　解析：根据语境可知，在帮助邻居照看五次孩子后，他赚了45美元。B项意为“一段时间”，符合语境，故B项正确。

10．A.warm   B．fine

C．unusual   D．changeable

A　解析：根据下文“He helped with mowing(修剪) and weeding gardens.”可知，该处指当温暖的(warm)天气来临时，他敲邻居们的门问是否需要帮忙做院子(yard)里的工作。

11．A.yard   B．paper

C．school   D．volunteer

A　

12．A.admitted   B．determined

C．complained   D．insisted

B　解析：根据该句中的“he still needed $30 for his trip”和语境可知，数过钱后，他算出还需要30美元。determine“准确算出”符合语境。

13．A.directory   B．permit

C．advertisement   D．email

C　解析：根据下文中他开始送报纸，并结合语境和常识可知，很快他的妈妈看到一个广告(advertisement)，为他找到了一份工作。A项意为“名录，电话簿”；B项意为“许可证”。

14．A.editing   B．updating

C．printing   D．delivering

D　解析：根据该句中的“newspapers every Wednesday afternoon, making 5 cents for every paper”可知，他得到了一份在每周三下午送(delivering)报纸的工作，每份报纸挣5美分，每周三总共(in total)挣10美元。

15．A.at once   B．on time

C．after all   D．in total

D　

16．A.extra   B．much

C．enough   D．easy

C　解析：根据上文描述的他还需要30美元和他每周三送报纸挣10美元可知，不久他就有足够的(enough)钱去华盛顿旅行了。

17．A.just   B．even

C．ever   D．still

A　解析：根据下文“The class trip was on October 15.”可推知，秋天时他赚够了钱，正好赶上旅行。A项意为“正好”，故A项正确。

18．A.owed   B．lent

C．promised   D．ordered

C　解析：根据上文他的父母同意给他出一半的钱可知，此处表示他的父母给了之前向他承诺的150美元的支票。C项意为“承诺”，故C项正确。

19．A.count   B．cover

C．estimate   D．reduce

B　解析：根据上文可知，他挣了150美元，他的父母又给他150美元，所以他攒够了足以支付自己旅行的费用。B项意为“足以支付，够付”，符合语境，故B项正确。

20．A.astonished   B．shaped

C．excited   D．impressed

B　解析：根据语境并结合选项可知，这段经历在很多方面塑造了(shaped) Terence，他以巨大的努力使自己的梦想成为现实。

课时练2　2篇阅读＋1篇七选五＋

1篇语法填空

 阅读理解

A

(2020·马鞍山模拟)When she first started learning about the climate change from one of her elders, Fawn Sharp was invited on a helicopter flight over the Olympic Mountains to survey the Mount Anderson glacier. But the glacier was gone, melted by the warming climate. Sharp had a deep sense of loss when she discovered the glacier wasn’t there anymore.

Loss is a growing issue for people working and living on the front lines of climate change. And that gave Jennifer Wren Atkinson, a full­time lecturer at the University of Washington Bothell, US, an idea for a class.

This term, she taught students on the Bothell campus about the emotional burdens of environmental studies. She used the experiences of Native American tribes(部落), scientists and activists, and asked her 24 students to face the reality that there is no easy fix—that “this is such an intractable problem that they’re going to be dealing with it for the rest of their lives.”

Student Cody Dillon used to be a climate science skeptic(怀疑论者). Then he did his own reading and research, and changed his mind.

Dillon wasn’t going into environmental work—he was a computer­science major. Yet, the potential for a worldwide environmental catastrophe seemed so real to him five years ago that he quit his job and became a full­time volunteer for an environmental group that worked on restoration(恢复) projects.

Six months into the work, he decided that Atkinson’s class was just what he was looking for—a place where he could discuss his concerns about a changing climate.

Atkinson said she hoped the class helped her students prepare themselves for the amount of environmental loss that will happen over their lifetimes.

“We are already changing the planet—so many species are going to be lost, displaced or massively impacted，” she said. “The future isn’t going to be what they imagined.”

【解题导语】　Fawn Sharp通过一次搭乘直升机飞行的经历认识到了冰川融化的严重性，同时Jennifer Wren Atkinson给学生开设了课程，教学生如何面对气候变化，她的课程让很多学生关注环境问题。

1．Why did the author mention the case of Fawn Sharp?

A．To lay a basis for Fawn Sharp’s further research.

B．To prove Fawn Sharp’s work is similar to Atkinson’s.

C．To lead into the issue of loss caused by climate change.

D．To show scientists’ concern about the Mount Anderson glacier.

C　解析：推理判断题。通读第一段可知，Fawn Sharp在一次直升机飞行中意识到气候变化导致了冰川融化；由此可推知，作者在第一段中提及Fawn Sharp的例子是为了引出下文气候变化导致环境问题的话题，故选C。

2．What’s the main purpose of Atkinson’s class?

A．To explore how different people deal with climate change.

B．To get students more concerned about the environmental issue.

C．To find solutions to the environmental issue of Olympic Mountains.

D．To teach students how to conduct research about environment.

B　解析：细节理解题。根据第三段中的“she taught students...the emotional burdens of environmental studies...and asked her 24 students to face the reality that there is no easy fix—that ‘this is such an intractable problem that they’re going to be dealing with it for the rest of their lives.’”可知，她给学生讲环境研究的情感压力，她让她的24个学生面对没有简单的解决方法这个事实——这是“一个如此困难的问题以至于学生们将用他们的余生来解决它。”由此可知，Atkinson的课程目的是让学生们更加关注环境问题，故选B。

3．Which of the following words best explains “intractable” underlined in Paragraph 3?

A．Simple.　　　　　　　　 B．Difficult.

C．Common.   D．Interesting.

B　解析：词义猜测题。根据上文可知，Atkinson用美洲土著部落、科学家以及积极分子们的经历让她的24个学生面对没有简单的解决方法这个事实，并结合该句“this is such an intractable problem that they’re going to be dealing with it for the rest of their lives”可知，这是一个如此困难的问题以至于学生们将用他们的余生来解决它，故选B。

4．How did Atkinson’s class influence Dillon?

A．It made him work as a part­time volunteer for restoration projects.

B．It made him realize a planet­wide climate disaster would happen.

C．It encouraged him to be more involved in environmental protection.

D．It discouraged him to work on restoration projects for the environment.

C　解析：推理判断题。根据倒数第三段“Six months into the work...discuss his concerns about a changing climate.”可知，Dillon在环保组织做了六个月志愿者之后，他认为在Atkinson的课堂上他可以讨论他对气候变化的担忧；由此可推知，Atkinson的课程鼓励Dillon参与环境保护，故选C。

B

(2020·太原模拟)We’re often reminded of the importance of preserving the planet as we see it for future generations—and children at St Oswald’s CE Primary School Chester certainly agree.

Nine­year­old Isobel Kelleher from the school’s Hummingbirds class thinks adults need to take note. “Sometimes they can be busy and I don’t think they think they can make a difference, but if everyone does a little bit it all adds up，” she tells HuffPost UK. “We started looking at plastic pollution in our oceans and the things like plastic bags that are polluting them，” she says. “Fish can eat the plastic and they can die, or we might even eat the fish ourselves.”

Mr. Timms, Isobel’s teacher, has been spearheading a new project at the school which lets children loose creatively to raise awareness of the need to be more environmentally friendly. The entire Hummingbirds class, which is made up of 9­and 10­year­old pupils, has been busy writing poems and creating online video adverts to warn adults about the serious situation of our oceans and wildlife.

Mr. Timms thinks children have an important role to play in teaching us how to take care of the things around us. “We sometimes overlook how much we can really learn from children，” he says. “It has been really hard to believe having parents come in saying that their children have been asking them to stop using plastic, and to recycle more, and even stopping them using plastic straws.”

Mr. Timms is proud of his Hummingbirds class. “The message that they would like to send to world is simple: stopping this isn’t someone else’s job, and it won’t be OK if we just leave it.”

【解题导语】　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了“蜂鸟班”积极响应一个环保教育项目。该班由九岁和十岁的学生组成，他们通过写诗和制作在线视频广告来提醒成年人注意环保问题。

5．What can we infer about adults according to Isobel Kelleher?

A．They just pretend to be busy.

B．They haven’t done their part well.

C．They can do nothing to stop pollution.

D．They have started to care about the ocean.

B　解析：推理判断题。根据第二段的内容，尤其是第一句“Nine­year­old Isobel Kelleher from the school’s Hummingbirds class thinks adults need to take note.”可知，学校“蜂鸟班”里九岁的伊泽贝尔认为成年人需要注意环保问题；据此可推知，成年人在环保问题上没有做得很好，故B项正确。

6．What is the purpose of the school project?

A．To help adults to learn more about their kids.

B．To remind adults to be friendly to the environment.

C．To persuade students to stop using plastic bags.

D．To teach students how to write poems creatively.

B　解析：细节理解题。根据第三段尾句“The entire Hummingbirds class, which is made up of 9­and 10­year­old pupils, has been busy writing poems and creating online video adverts to warn adults about the serious situation of our oceans and wildlife.”可知，整个“蜂鸟班”由九岁和十岁的学生组成，他们一直忙着写诗和制作在线视频广告，提醒成年人海洋和野生动物所处的严重处境；据此可知，该项目旨在提醒成年人要注意环保问题，故B项正确。

7．Why does Mr. Timms mention parents in Paragraph 4?

A．To prove kids are creative in teaching.

B．To attract people to support his work.

C．To have adults care about education.

D．To show the effects of the project.

D　解析：推理判断题。根据第四段尾句“It has been really hard to believe having parents come in saying that their children have been asking them to stop using plastic, and to recycle more, and even stopping them using plastic straws.”可知，真的很难相信有父母说孩子们要求他们停止使用塑料，甚至要求他们停止使用塑料吸管；据此可推知，该段提及父母旨在说明该项目对成年人的影响，故D项正确。

8．What is the text mainly about?

A．An inspiring school project.

B．An appeal to stop using plastic bags.

C．Serious situations of our planet.

D．Adults’ ignorance of the environment.

A　解析：主旨大意题。通读全文可知，文章第三段第一句“Mr. Timms, Isobel’s teacher, has been spearheading a new project at the school which lets children loose creatively to raise awareness of the need to be more environmentally friendly.”为全文的主题句，结合全文内容可知，本文主要介绍了“蜂鸟班”积极响应一个环保教育项目，该班由九岁和十岁的学生组成，他们通过写诗和制作在线视频广告，提醒成年人注意环保问题。故A项正确。

 七选五

(2020·陕西部分学校摸底检测) Learning to set goals plays an important role as your child starts to gain independence. However, setting goals doesn’t come naturally to your child, so helping him to learn the process should probably be one of your goals.

Explain the word “goal”. Your child may know what a goal is when it comes to soccer, but he may not understand what it means in everyday life. 1.________

Listen to your child. Ideally, you want your child to be able to decide for himself what his goals are. 2.________ Let him talk about what he thinks he does well and what he thinks he needs to improve. If he’s stuck, you can provide some examples of your own personal goals.

Help keep goals achievable. Don’t throw cold water on your child. 3.________ For example, if your child wants to be a champion swimmer, but can’t swim an entire lap of the pool yet, you can suggest he start by making that his first goal.

4．________ Help your child write down his goals in an easy­to­follow form. Being able to see and check off the steps on the way to his goal is key in keeping him motivated. A really simple way is to have your child draw a ladder on a piece of paper, writing his goal at the top and each step to that goal on the rungs(梯级). 5.________

A．Change goals every so often.

B．Make a visual goal reminder.

C．Don’t always tell him what you think.

D．He’s climbing to the top as he gets closer to his goal.

E．You can take sports as an example to help explain it to him.

F．Once he has set up a goal, he may find it very difficult to achieve it.

G．When a goal is beyond his reach, help him break it down into smaller pieces.

【解题导语】　学会制定目标在孩子获得独立上起着重要的作用，本文给出了一些帮助孩子设定目标的建议。

1．E　解析：根据本段标题和空前的“Your child may know what a goal is when it comes to soccer”可知，在孩子不知道目标在日常生活中意味着什么时，可以通过运动的例子来解释什么是目标。故选E。

2．C　解析：根据本段标题和空前一句“Ideally, you want your child to be able to decide for himself what his goals are.”可知，要倾听孩子，让孩子决定他自己的目标是什么。故C项“不要总是告诉他你的想法”符合语境。

3．G　解析：根据下文的例子“if your child wants to be a champion swimmer, but can’t swim an entire lap of the pool yet, you can suggest he start by making that his first goal”可知，当孩子的目标实现不了的时候，可以帮助他把目标分解成一些更小的目标来完成。故选G。

4．B　解析：根据空处所在位置及文章结构可知，空处为段落小标题，再结合本段的内容可知，本段主要讲建立一个能够看得到的目标提醒物。故B项符合语境。

5．D　解析：根据空前一句“A really simple way is to have your child draw a ladder on a piece of paper, writing his goal at the top and each step to that goal on the rungs(梯级)．”可知，当孩子爬到了顶点，也就接近了目标，故选D。

 语法填空

(2020·重庆七校联考)Pollution takes away all the beauty of the beaches of Hawaii. I hate to go to the beaches on 1.____________(sun) weekends and see rubbish bags lying on the sand, cigarette butts(烟头) 2.____________ (bury) in the sand, and soda cans floating in the ocean.

One thing that really annoys me is that I see 3.____________(tour)who visit Hawaii leave their rubbish on the beaches. I was always taught after drinking soda to throw the can into the place 4.____________ it should stay—the trash can. Another thing that annoys me is that some people walk right by rubbish 5.____________ pretend that it’s not there.

The dogs or the fish are not blame 6.____________ it. It’s our fault and we must blame 7.____________ (we)．Everyone has to do his or her part 8.____________(solve) this problem. It can’t be difficult to do the job. There are a lot of things that we can do. First of all, we can help pick up rubbish along the beaches. We could also form organizations that help clean up our beaches. More 9.____________(important), we need to start now before the beaches 10.____________(damage) beyond repair.

【解题导语】　本文主要讨论了海滩污染的问题。

1．sunny　解析：考查词形转换。修饰名词一般用形容词，故用形容词sunny修饰其后的名词weekends。

2．buried　解析：考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，bury和其逻辑主语cigarette butts 构成动宾关系，故用其过去分词形式作宾语补足语。

3．tourists　解析：考查词形转换。结合定语从句的关系词who可知，此处的先行词为表示人的名词，且定语从句中的谓语动词为复数，故用名词复数形式。

4．where　解析：考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，空处引导定语从句，在从句中作地点状语，修饰先行词the place，故填where。

5．but　解析：考查连词。根据语境可知，空处前后存在逻辑上的转折关系，故用连词but。

6．for　解析：考查介词。此处考查固定词组be to blame for sth.“对某事负有责任”，故用介词for。

7．ourselves　解析：考查代词。与句子主语we呼应，此处应用反身代词ourselves作动词blame的宾语。

8．to solve　解析：考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，此处应用动词不定式，表目的。

9．importantly　解析：考查副词。副词一般修饰形容词、副词、动词，甚至整个句子，在句子中作状语。故用副词importantly，修饰整个句子。

10．are damaged　解析：考查动词的时态和语态。分析句子结构可知，damage和主语the beaches之间是被动关系，根据该句中的“need”可知，此处叙述一般的情况，故用一般现在时的被动语态。