北师大版高中英语必修第二册unit5 humans and nature sectionⅰ教学知识细解码学案

UNIT 5 Humans and nature

1．erupt vi.爆发，喷发→eruption n．爆发

2．crowd n．人群；一伙人；群众；v.挤满；使……拥挤；涌上(心头) →crowded adj.拥挤的；挤满人的

3．shock v．使震惊；使惊愕 n．震惊；惊愕；令人震惊的事；休克→shocked adj.感到震惊的→shocking adj.令人震惊的，令人惊愕的

4．survive vi.& vt.活下来；幸存→survivor n．幸存者；幸免者→survival n．幸存，幸免

5．frighten v．使害怕，使受惊→frightened adj.受惊的，害怕的→frightening adj.令人害怕的

6．horror n．震惊；恐惧；厌恶→horrible adj.可怕的，吓人的，令人恐惧的→horribly adv.可怕地；吓人地；令人恐惧地

7．curious adj.好奇的→curiosity n．好奇，好奇心

8．observe vt.观察；庆祝；遵守→observation n．观察，观察结果

equal adj.(大小、数量、价值等)相同的；平等的；同等的；(力气、勇气、能力等)相当的；能胜任的n.同等的人；相等物v.(大小、数量、价值等)与……相等，等于；比得上；敌得过；导致；结果为

①Research and teaching are of equal importance. 同等的

②Men also share the equal right to chase fashion. 平等的

③I hope that he proves equal to the job. 能胜任的

④She treats the people who work for her as her equals. 同等的人

⑤This achievement is unlikely ever to be equaled. 比得上

Words and Phrases

　come to one's mind 某人想起……

(教材P28) What comes to your mind when you see the word “nature”？

当你看到单词“nature”时，你想到了什么？

[例1]　I think I shall tell you a little story which just came to my mind.

我想，我可以告诉各位一个我刚想到的小故事。

[例2]　Seeing the photo，the wonderful time they spent together came to his mind.

看到相片，他便想起了他们一起度过的好时光。

[造句]　但是错过比赛的想法从来没在我脑海中出现。

Yet the thought of missing the game never even came to my mind.

[即学即练]

①We should all keep in mind the concept of “We” and practice it.

②Repeated failures have driven him out of his mind.

　comment n．评论；意见　vt.& vi.发表意见，评论

[例1]　You really can't comment until you know the facts.

你真的不能在你知道事实之前进行评论。

[例2]　There's been no comment so far from the police about the allegations.

到目前为止还没有来自警方的对那些指控的任何解释。

[造句]　他在阿姆斯特丹的记者招待会上发表了意见。

He made his comments at a news conference in Amsterdam.

[即学即练]

①He did not comment on what I said.

②He made no comment on our proposal.

③They asked for comments on the new plan.

　shock vt.使震惊；使难以置信n.震惊

(教材P29)The two students were shocked at the lecture on nature.

这两个学生被关于自然的演讲震惊了。

[例1]　The news of my promotion came as a shock.

我获晋升的消息着实让我一惊。

[例2]　It shocks you when something like that happens.

发生那样的事情，你会难以置信。

[造句]　救援人员被眼前的景象惊呆了。

Relief workers were shocked by what they saw.

[即学即练]

①I was shocked at seeing her smoking.

＝I was shocked to see(see) her smoking.

②To my shock，such an attack should happen in this school.

③I am sorry for having asked him.I was shocked(shock) at his refusal.

[小片段填空]

①To my shock，he refused my offer.When I met him again，I ②was shocked at his situation.It is ③shocking that he lost all his possession in such a short time.

　survive vi.幸存；生存下来 vt.幸免于；从……中生还

(教材P30) A fisherman is trying to survive a storm.

一个渔民正试图从风暴中幸存下来。

[例1]　My people have survived 400 years of slavery.

我的人民族从400年的奴隶制中挺了过来。

[例2]　All the trees planted last year have survived.

去年栽的树全都活了。

[造句]　他在事故中没受伤，真是(不幸中的)大幸！

He was very lucky to have survived the accident unhurt!

[即学即练]

①Harry survived his wife by three months.

②A plane crashed yesterday，and there were no survivors (survive)．

③Amy's only chance of survival(survive) was a liver transplant.

　frightened adj.受惊的，害怕的

(教材P31) The moment I heard the word I became very frightened．

我一听到那个词，我变得非常害怕。

[例1]　She was frightened that the plane would crash.

她害怕飞机会坠毁。

[例2]　Miriam was too frightened to tell her family what had happened.

米丽娅姆太害怕了以至于不敢告诉家人发生了什么事。

[造句]　她担心玻璃会破碎。

She was frightened that the glass would break.

[即学即练]

①They frightened the old lady into signing(sign) the paper.

②Don't be frightened(frighten) of making mistakes when you speak English.

[名师点津]　

由过去分词或现在分词转化来的形容词，是分词形容词。这些词已失去了动词的性质，大多数可被副词very或too修饰，有的还有比较级和最高级，故称为分词形容词。v.­ing形式，意为“令人……的”，多指事物；v.­ed形式，意为“感到……的”，多用于指人。

　calm adj.镇静的；沉着的 v．使……平衡

(教材P31) …I felt calmer than when we were moving towards it.

……我感到比我们朝它移动时更镇静。

[例1]　It is important to keep calm in an emergency.

情况紧急的时候，保持镇静是重要的。

[例2]　Have some tea；it'll calm your nerves.

喝点茶吧，这会使你紧张的神经松弛下来。

[造句]　镇静点，告诉我出了什么事。

Try to keep calm and just tell me what happened．

[即学即练]

①He is terribly excited.We must try to calm him down．

②The television announcer read the news calmly(calm)．

③Do not have a drink or take drugs to calm yourself(you) down.

[明辨异同]

[小片段填空]

When facing danger，one should keep ①calm；when someone else is asleep，one should keep ②quiet；in class，one shouldn't keep ③silent about the teacher's questions.

　curious adj.好奇的；好打听的

(教材P31) After a while，I became curious about the whirlpool itself.

过了一会儿，我开始对漩涡本身感到好奇。

[例1]　Everyone was curious about why Mark was leaving.

马克为什么要离去，大家都感到好奇。

[例2]　He is such a curious boy，always asking questions.

他是个如此好奇的男孩，总是爱问问题。

[造句]　人们聚拢过来，很想知道发生了什么事情。

People gathered round，curious to know what is happening.

[即学即练]

①Tenyson became very curious about what had happened to the elderly couple.

②It's very curious that she left without saying goodbye.

③The boy opened the box out of curiosity(curious)．

　recognise vt.辨认出；承认；认可

(教材P31) The fishermen were my old friends，but they were unable to recognise me.

渔民们是我的老朋友，但他们没能认出我来。

[例1]　I had already recognised the voice.

我早已听出了这个声音。

[例2]　When I went there，one of my real brothers recognised me.

当我前往那里时，我的一个亲生兄弟认出了我。

[造句]　谁也没意识到形势有多么紧急。

Nobody recognised how urgent the situation was.

[即学即练]

①Everyone recognised him as the lawful heir.

②It was recognised(recognise) that this solution could only be temporary.

③At last，her father's work has received popular recognition(recognise)．

　turn one's back (on sb./sth.)对……置之不理，对……撒手不管

(教材P102)...and finally turned its back on us.

……最后对我们撒手不管。

[例1]　Did you really turn your back on his invitation?

你真的拒绝了他的邀请吗？

[例2]　He turned his back on me and refused to lend me any money when I lost my job.

当我失去我的工作的时候，他根本不肯帮忙，一分钱都不愿意借给我。

[造句]　每次我向你求助你都不理不睬，为什么？

Every time I ask you for help，you turn your back on me.Why?

[即学即练]

①She didn't answer，and turned her back on him.

②They turn to you because they trust you.

③Her name constantly turns up in art circles.

④At first，they had no idea it would be as hard as it turned out to be.

[小片段填空]

The party was almost over，but Jane still didn't ① turn up.Tom was very disappointed.He didn't know why Jane didn't ②turn down his invitation if she didn't want to come.He ③turned over the bottles on the tables，and the rest guests left the hall in shock.Tom ④turned off all the lights in the hall.No one could imagine how upset he was!

Sentence Patterns

　the moment引导的状语从句

(教材P31)  The moment I heard the word I became very frightened.

我一听到那个词，我变得非常害怕。

句式分析：句中the moment相当于连词，引导时间状语从句。

[例1]　The moment I got home my father went out.

我一到家，我父亲就出去了。

[例2]　The moment I saw him I knew that there was no hope.

我一看到他我就知道没有希望了。

[造句]　我一闭上眼睛就睡着了。

The moment I closed my eyes I fell asleep.

[即学即练]

①The moment I see the general manager，I will tell(tell) him about the coming meeting.

②The first time they referred to the young pianist，I thought(think) he was a man without name.

③I came immediately(immediate) I heard the news.

　how引导的感叹句

(教材P31) I began to think how amazing a thing it was to die in such a way，...

我开始想，以这样的方式死去是多么神奇的一件事啊，……

[例1]　How beautiful a girl she is!

她是个多么漂亮的姑娘啊！

[例2]　How strange a feeling it was!

这是一种多么奇怪的感觉啊！

[造句]　他们多么愚蠢啊！他们相信那个人说的话。

How foolish they were! They believed what the man said.

[即学即练]

①What lovely weather we are having these days!

②How carefully the students are listening!

③What fine weather it is today!

　 the more...，the more...越……，越……

(教材P31) The first，the larger the bodies were，the more rapidly they fell，...

第一，物体越大，下降速度越快，...

句式分析：本句是the more...，the more...句型，表示“越……，就越……”。

[例1]　The higher the ground is，the thinner the air becomes.

离地面越高，空气就越稀薄。

[例2]　The hungrier they became，the harder they worked.

他们越饿，就越努力工作。

[造句]　战争持续越久，那里的人们受难就越多。

The longer the war lasts, the more the people there will suffer.

[即学即练]

①The more passions we have，the more happiness we are likely to experience.

②The harder you work，the greater(great) progress you will make.

Ⅰ.单句语法填空

1．What good children they are!

2．The busier he is，the happier(happy) he feels.

3．It is recognised(recognise) that Jane is the most intelligent girl among us.

4．Liz picked up the blue envelope and turned it over curiously(curious)．

5．I know it must be a frightening(frighten) experience for you.

6．They may hate what he does but their survival(survive) depends on him.

7．I need your help；please don't turn your back on me.

8．Everyone in the street was shocked(shock) when they heard the news.

9．She accidentally stepped on his foot on a crowded(crowd) train.

10．We have not seen the letter，so we can hardly comment on it.

Ⅱ.短语填空

after a while；in the face of；in the end；turn one's back on；adapt from；in the direction of

1．In the end，we all decided to organize a concert for Easter.

2．I turned to my father for help，but he turned his back on me.

3．We must strengthen our unity in the face of powerful enemies.

4．They wandered off in the direction of the nearest store.

5．His music is difficult to listen to，but after a while it starts to grow on you.

6．This text is adapted from a story in Chinese literature.

Ⅲ.课文语法填空

It may seem strange.When we were on the edge of the whirlpool，I felt 1.calmer(calm) than when we were moving towards it.We went round and round，nearer and nearer to the horrible edge of the whirlpool.2.Suddenly(sudden)，we went over the edge.I thought my life 3.was(be) over.But I was still safe.The boat was on the inside of the huge whirlpool 4.and we were going round in circles at great speed.I saw 5.clearly(clear)there were other objects in the whirlpool.I noticed that the heavier objects went down more quickly than the smaller，lighter ones.So I tied myself to a barrel to help me float.I tried to make my brother understand，but he was 6.terrified(terrify) and stayed in the heavy boat.Without waiting，I dived into the sea to try and escape.

I 7.did (do)escape at last.Some time 8.after I left the boat，with my brother in it，it 9.sank(sink) into the bottom of the whirlpool.10.Then the sky was clear，the wind calmer and the moon was shining.In the end，a boat picked me up.I got safe.